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The village and personal names used in the paper are pseudonyms
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The village and personal names used in the paper are pseudonyms.
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For an excellent discussion of the situation of childless elderly during the collectivization period, readers could refer to D. Davis, Long Lives: Chinese Elderly and the Communist Revolution Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1991, ch. 7
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For an excellent discussion of the situation of childless elderly during the collectivization period, readers could refer to D. Davis, Long Lives: Chinese Elderly and the Communist Revolution (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1991), ch. 7.
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For a discussion on the impacts of globalization on the welfare state, readers may refer to F. Scharpf, 'The viability of advanced welfare states in the international economy: Vulnerabilities and options', Journal of European Public Policy 7(2), (2000), pp. 190-228
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London: Routledge, offer a comprehensive review of large literature on the East Asia welfare model
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R. Goodman, G. White and H. Kwon, In Search of an East Asian Welfare State (London: Routledge, 1998) offer a comprehensive review of large literature on the East Asia welfare model.
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also K. Tang and R. Ngan, 'China: Developmentalism and social security', International Journal of Social Welfare 10, (2001), pp. 253-259
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also K. Tang and R. Ngan, 'China: Developmentalism and social security', International Journal of Social Welfare 10, (2001), pp. 253-259
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For example
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For example, A. R. Khan and C. Riskin, 'Income and inequality in China: composition, distribution and growth of household income, 1988 to 1995', China Quarterly 154, (1998), pp. 221-253
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also R. Zhao, 'Increasing income inequality and its causes in China', Discussion Papers 213 (Oxford: Institute of Economics and Statistics, 1999).
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also see Hebel, 'Social welfare in rural China'.
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34247584884
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It should be pointed out that inequality existed in Mao's China, especially across regions and across various political and social categories e.g. official status, family class backgrounds, although, simultaneously, there were distribution mechanisms equalizing income across families. Nevertheless, such discussions are beyond the scope of the present paper
-
It should be pointed out that inequality existed in Mao's China, especially across regions and across various political and social categories (e.g. official status, family class backgrounds), although, simultaneously, there were distribution mechanisms equalizing income across families. Nevertheless, such discussions are beyond the scope of the present paper.
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Extensive discussions about the welfare program during the collectivization period are covered in D. Davis- Friedmann, Welfare practice in rural China, World Development 6, 1978, pp. 609-619
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Extensive discussions about the welfare program during the collectivization period are covered in D. Davis- Friedmann, 'Welfare practice in rural China', World Development 6, (1978), pp. 609-619,
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Y. Yang, 'Qiuzhen wushi nuli tansuo jiji zuohao nongcun wubao gongzuo' ['Explore measures earnestly to perform well in "five guarantee" work'], available at: http://www.deyang.gov.cn (accessed 2 October 2004).
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A detailed report of the village election is given in W. Zhang, 'Marketization, democratization, and women's participation in village elections in contemporary rural China: A study of a Hebei village', forthcoming in The Journal of Women, Politics and Policy.
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A detailed report of the village election is given in W. Zhang, 'Marketization, democratization, and women's participation in village elections in contemporary rural China: A study of a Hebei village', forthcoming in The Journal of Women, Politics and Policy.
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56
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34247569748
-
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The village Party secretary resigned in spring 2004, to protest his failure to get back even half of the money owed by the township government.
-
The village Party secretary resigned in spring 2004, to protest his failure to get back even half of the money owed by the township government.
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34247602854
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See X. Peng, 'The emergence of local welfare states in coastal China', paper prepared for International Conference on Globalization of the Welfare State, World Society, Transnational Social Policy and New Welfare States in Transitional Countries (with special reference to China), 6-8 February 2004, Hanse Institute for Advanced Study, Delmenhorst, Germany.
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See X. Peng, 'The emergence of local welfare states in coastal China', paper prepared for International Conference on Globalization of the Welfare State, World Society, Transnational Social Policy and New Welfare States in Transitional Countries (with special reference to China), 6-8 February 2004, Hanse Institute for Advanced Study, Delmenhorst, Germany.
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58
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34247617079
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I had a personal interview with the doctor in the summer of 2003.
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I had a personal interview with the doctor in the summer of 2003.
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also William Hinton, Fanshen: A Documentary of Revolution in a Chinese Village (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1966).
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