Child poverty in the American States: The impact of welfare reform, economics, and demographics

Policy Studies Journal

Volumn 35, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 1-21

  Rodgers Jr , Harrell R ^a   Payne, Lee ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON   (United States)

Author keywords

Child poverty; Poverty; TANF

Indexed keywords

CHILD WELFARE; DEMOGRAPHIC METHOD; POVERTY DETERMINANT; QUALITY OF LIFE; WELFARE IMPACT; WELFARE REFORM;

EID: 33947671363     PISSN: 0190292X     EISSN: 15410072     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-0072.2007.00204.x     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Bailey, Michael A. 2005. "Welfare and the Multifaceted Decision to Move." American Political Science Review 1 (1; February): 125-35.
2. Bell, Stephen H. 2001. "Why Are Welfare Caseloads Falling? Assessing the New Federalism." Discussion Paper 01-2. Washington, DC: Urban Institute.
3. Blank, Rebecca M. 1997. "Why Has Economic Growth Been Such an Ineffective Tool Against Poverty in Recent Years?" In Poverty and Inequality: The Political Economy of Redistribution, ed. J. Neil. Kalamazoo, MI: W. E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, 188-210.
4. Blank, Rebecca M. 2000. "What Causes Public Assistance Caseloads to Grow?" Journal of Human Resources 36 (1): 85-118.
5. Blank, Rebecca M. 2001. "Declining Caseloads, Increased Work: What Can We Conclude About the Effects of Welfare Reform?" Economics Policies Review 7 (2): 25-36.
6. Blank, Rebecca M. 2002a. "Evaluating Welfare Reform in the United States." Journal of Economic Literature XL (December): 1105-66.
7. Blank, Rebecca M. 2002b. "(Re-) Distribution of Personal Incomes, Education, and Economic Performance across Countries." Luxembourg Income Study Working Paper No. 299. Syracuse, New York: Center for Policy Research, Syracuse University.
8. Bloom, Daniel, and Charles Michalopoulos. 2001. How Welfare and Work Policies Affect Employment and Income: A Synthesis of Research. New York: Manpower Demonstration Research Corp.
9. Brady, David. 2005. "Structural Theory and Relative Poverty in Rich Western Democracies, 1969-2000." Working Paper No. 407, Luxembourg Income Study.
10. Brown, Michael K. 1999. Race, Money, and the American Welfare State. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
11. Bryner, Gary. 1998. Politics and Public Morality: The Great American Welfare Reform Debate. New York: W.W. Norton.
12. Bureau of the Census. 2005. Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2004. Current Population Studies, 60-62.
13. Danziger, Sheldon, Colleen Heflin, Mary Corcoran, Elizabeth Oltmans, and Hui-Chen Wang. 2002. "Does It Pay to Move from Welfare to Work?" PSC Research Report 09-449, August.
14. DHHS. 2004a. [Online]. http://www.acf.hhs.gov/news/stats/6097rf.htm. Accessed July 5, 2005.
15. DHHS. 2004b. "Administration for Children and Families," TANF, 6th Annual Report to Congress.
16. DHHS. 2004c. "Spending on Social Welfare in Rich and Poor States." August, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation.
17. Eggebeen, David J., and Daniel T. Lichter. 1991. "Race, Family Structure, and Changing Poverty among American Children." American Sociological Review 56: 801-17.
18. Figlio, David N., and James P. Ziliak. 1999. "Welfare Reform, the Business Cycle, and the Decline in AFDC Caseloads." In Economic Conditions and Welfare Reform, ed. Sheldon Danziger. Kalamazoo, MI: Upjohn Institute Employment Research, 17-48.
19. Fording, Richard. 2001. "The Political Response to Black Insurgency: A Critical Test of Competing Theories of the State." American Political Science Review 95 (1): 115-30.
20. Fording, Richard. 2003. "Laboratories of Democracy or Symbolic Politics? The Racial Origins of Welfare Reform." In Race, Welfare, and the Politics of Reform, ed. S. F. Schram, J. Soss, and R. Fording. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 107-29.
21. Fritzell, Johan, and Veli-Matti Ritakallio. 2004. "Societal Shifts and Changed Patterns of Poverty." Luxembourg Income Study, No. 393, September.
22. Gais, Thomas, and R. Kent Weaver. 2002. "State Policy Choices under Welfare Reform (Policy Brief No. 22)." In Welfare Reform and Beyond: The Future of the Safety Net, ed. I. Sawhill etal. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 317-42.
23. Gallaway, Lowell, and Richard Vedder. 1986. "Suffer the Little Children: The True Casualties of the War on Poverty. "In War on Poverty-Victory or Defeat? Hearings before the Subcommittee on Monetary and Fiscal Policy, Joint Economic Committee, Congress of the United States. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 37-54.
24. Garfinkel, I., L. Rainwater, and T. M. Smeeding. 2004. "Welfare State Expenditures and the Distribution of Child Opportunities," Luxembourg Income Study, No. 379, June.
25. Gilens, Martin. 1999. Why Americans Hate Welfare: Race, Media, and the Politics of Antipoverty Policy. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
26. Gottschalk, Peter, and Sheldon Danziger. 1993. "Family Structure, Family Size, and Family Income: Accounting for Changes in the Economic Well-Being of Children, 1968-86." In Uneven Tides: Rising Inequality in America, ed. Sheldon Danziger, and Peter Gottschalk. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
27. Gunderson, Craig, and James P. Ziliak. 2004. "Poverty and Macroeconomic Performance across Space, Race, and Family Structure." Demography 41: 61-86.
28. Hanratty, M. J., and Rebecca Blank. 1992. "Down and Out in North America: Recent Trends in Poverty Rates in the United States and Canada." The Quarterly Journal of Economics 107: 233-54.
29. Harvard Law Review. 1996. "Devolving Welfare to the States: A Public Choice Perspective." 109: 1984-2001.
30. Hoynes, Hilary W. 2000. "Local Labor Markets and Welfare Spells: Do Demand Conditions Matter?" Review of Economic Statistics 82: 351-68.
31. Hoynes, Hilary W., and T. MaCurdy. 1994. "Has the Decline in Benefits Shortened Welfare Spells?" American Economic Review 84 (2): 43-8.
32. Iceland, John. 2003. "Why Poverty Remains High: The Role of Income Growth, Economic Inequality, and Changes in Family Structure, 1949-1999." Demography 40: 499-519.
33. Lerman, Robert I. 1996. "The Impact of the Changing US Family Structure on Child Poverty and Income Inequality." Economica 63: 119-39.
34. Lichter, Daniel T., and Martha Crowley. 2004. "Welfare Reform and Child Poverty: Effects of Maternal Employment, Marriage, and Cohabitation." Social Science Research 33: 385-408.
35. Lichter, Daniel T., Zhenchao Qian, and Martha L. Crowley. 2005. "Child Poverty among Racial Minorities and Immigrants: Explaining Trends and Differentials." Special issue, Social Science Quarterly 86: 1037-59.
36. Lieberman, Robert C., and Greg M. Shaw. 2000. "Looking Inward, Looking Outward: The Politics of State Welfare Innovation under Devolution." Political Research Quarterly 53: 215-40.
37. Lu, Hsien-Hen, Julian Palmer, Younghwan Song, Mary Clare Lennon, and J. Lawrence Aber. 2004. "Children Facing Economic Hardships in the United States: Differentials and Changes in the 1990s." Demographic Research 10: 289-338.
38. Mead, Lawrence. 1997. The New Paternalism: Supervisory Approaches to Poverty. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
39. Mead, Lawrence. 2004. Government Matters: Welfare Reform in Wisconsin. Princeton, NJ and Oxford: Princeton University Press.
40. Mettler, Suzanne. 2000. "States Rights, Women's Obligations: Contemporary Welfare Reform in Historical Perspective." Women and Politics 21 (1): 1-34.
41. Meyers, Marcia, Janet Gornick, and Laura Peck. 2002. "More? Less? Or More of the Same?" Publius 32 (4): 91-108.
42. Moffitt, Robert A. 2002. From Welfare to Work: What the Evidence Shows. Policy Brief No. 13, January. Welfare Reform and Beyond. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.
43. Moller, S., E. Huber, J. Stephens, D. Bradley, and F. Nielsen. 2003. "Determinants of Relative Poverty in Advanced Capitalist Democracies." American Sociological Review 68 (February): 22-51.
44. Parisi, D., D. K. McLaughlin, S. Grice, and M. Taquino. 2006. "Exiting TANF: Individual and Local Factors and Their Differential Influence across Racial Groups." Social Science Quarterly 97 (1): 76-90.
45. Peterson, Paul E., and Mark Rom. 1989. "American Federalism, Welfare Policy and Residential Choices." American Political Science Review 83: 711-28.
46. Plotnick, Robert D., and Richard F. Winters. 1985. "A Politico-Economic Theory of Income Redistribution." American Political Science Review 79: 458-73.
47. Rainwater, Lee, and Timoth M. Smeeding. 2003. Poor Ki s in a Rich Country. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, chap. 11.
48. Rehme, Gunther. 2002. "Education, Economic Growth, and Personal Income Inequality across (Rich) Countries." Luxembourg Income Study Working Paper No. 300, Syracuse, New York, Center for Policy Research, Syracuse University.
49. Ritakallio, Veli-Matti. 2002. "Trends of Poverty and Income Inequality in Cross-National Comparison." European Journal of Social Security 4: 151-77.
50. Rodgers, Harrell R. 2005a. American Poverty in a New Era of Reform. 2nd ed., ed. M. E. Sharpe. New York: M.E. Sharpe.
51. Rodgers, Harrell R. 2005b. "Evaluating the Devolution Revolution." The Review of Policy Research 22 (3): 275-99.
52. Rodgers, Harrell R. 2005c. "Saints, Stalwarts, and Slackers: State Financial Contributions to Welfare Reform." Policy Studies Journal 33 (4; November): 497-508.
53. Rodgers, Harrell R. 2005d. "State Welfare Options: Why Are Some States Tough?" Review of Policy Research 22 (3): 397-400.
54. Rodgers, Harrell R., and Kent L. Tedin. 2006. "State TANF Spending: Predictors of State Tax Effort to Support Welfare Reform." The Review of Policy Research 23 (3): 745-59.
55. Rodgers, Harell R., Lee Payne, and Serguei Chervachidze. 2006. "State Poverty Rates: Do the New Welfare Policies Make a Difference?" The Review of Policy Research 23 (3): 657-79.
56. Schram, Sanford. 1999. "Welfare Reform: A Race to the Bottom?" In Welfare Reform: A Race to the Bottom?, ed. S. F. Schram, and S. H. Beer. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 165-87.
57. Schram, Sanford F., Joe Soss, and Richard C. Fording, eds. 2003. Race and the Politics of Welfare Reform. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
58. Schram, Sanford F., Patrick Turbett, and Paul Wilkin. 1988. "Child Poverty and Welfare Benefits: A Reassessment with State Data of the Claim that American Welfare Breeds Dependence." American Journal of Economics and Sociology 47: 409-22.
59. Smeeding, T. M. 2004. "Public Policy, Economic Inequality, and Poverty: The United States in Comparative Perspective." Inequality and American Politics Conference, Maxwell School, Syracuse University, February 20.
60. Soss, Joe, Sanford F. Schram, Thomas P. Varanian, and Erin O'Brien. 2001. "Setting the Terms of Relief: Explaining State Policy Choices in the Devolution Revolution." American Journal of Political Science 45 (2): 378-95.
61. Tannenwald, Robert. 1999. "Fiscal Disparity among the States Revisited." New England Economic Review 00 (July/August): 3-25.
62. Thomas, Adam, and Isabel Sawhill. 2002. "For Richer or for Poorer: Marriage as an Anti-Poverty Strategy." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 21: 587-99.
63. Tobin, James. 1994. "Poverty in Relation to Macroeconomic Trends, Cycles and Policies." Confronting Poverty: Prescriptions for Change, ed. S. Danziger, G. D. Sandefur, and D. H. Weinberg. New York: Russell Sage, 147-167.
64. Volden, Craig. 2003. "The Politics of Competitive Federalism: A Race to the Bottom in Welfare Benefits?" American Journal of Political Science 46 (20): 352-64.
65. Wright, Gerald. 1976. "Racism and Welfare Policy in America." Social Science Quarterly 57: 718-30.