Testing of antidotes for organophosphorus compounds: Experimental procedures and clinical reality

Toxicology

Volumn 233, Issue 1-3 SPEC. ISS., 2007, Pages 108-119

  Eyer, Peter ^a   Szinicz, Ladislaus ^b   Thiermann, Horst ^b   Worek, Franz ^b   Zilker, Thomas ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

^b BUNDESWEHR INSTITUTE OF PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY   (Germany)

^c TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

Author keywords

Acetylcholinesterase; Clinical studies; Nerve agents; Organophosphorus pesticides; Oximes; Paraoxonase

Indexed keywords

ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; ANTIDOTE; ARGININE; ARYLDIALKYLPHOSPHATASE; NERVE GAS; OBIDOXIME; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUND; OXIME; PARAOXON; PRALIDOXIME;

ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTINUOUS INFUSION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG TREATMENT FAILURE; ENZYME ACTIVATION; ENZYME ACTIVITY; ENZYME INHIBITION; ENZYME KINETICS; ENZYME PHOSPHORYLATION; ERYTHROCYTE; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; HYDROLYSIS; IN VITRO STUDY; INTOXICATION; MODEL; PHENOTYPE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; SIMULATION; SYMPTOMATOLOGY;

ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; ARYLDIALKYLPHOSPHATASE; CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS; CHOLINESTERASE REACTIVATORS; CLINICAL TRIALS; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; DRUG ADMINISTRATION SCHEDULE; ERYTHROCYTES; HUMANS; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS; OXIMES; PHOSPHORYLATION; POISONING; POLYMORPHISM, GENETIC; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 33947641725     PISSN: 0300483X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2006.08.033     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Amitai G., Moorad D., Adani R., and Doctor B.P. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase by chlorpyrifos-oxon. Biochem. Pharmacol. 56 (1998) 293-299
2. Ashani Y., Bhattacharjee A.K., Leader H., Saxena A., and Doctor B.P. Inhibition of cholinesterases with cationic phosphonyl oximes highlights distinctive properties of the charged pyridine groups of quaternary oxime reactivators. Biochem. Pharmacol. 66 (2003) 191-202
3. Berends F., Posthumus C.H., Sluys I.V.D., and Deierkauf F.A. The chemical basis of the "ageing process" of DFP-inhibited pseudocholinesterase. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 34 (1959) 576-579
4. Brophy V.H., Jarvik G.P., and Furlong C.E. PON1 polymorphism. In: Costa L.G., and Furlong C.E. (Eds). Paraoxonase (PON1) in Health and Disease: Basic and Clinical Aspects (2003), Kluwer Academic Publications, Boston 52-77
5. Buckley N.A., Roberts D., and Eddleston M. Overcoming apathy in research on organophosphate poisoning. Br. Med. J. 329 (2004) 1231-1233
6. Burgen A.S.V. The mechanism of action of anticholinesterase drugs. Br. J. Pharmacol. 4 (1949) 219-228
7. Chambers H.W., Boone J.S., Carr R.L., and Chambers J.E. Chemistry of organophosphorus insecticides. In: Krieger R.I. (Ed). Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology vol. 2 (2001), Academic Press, San Diego 913-917
8. Clement, J.G., Madill, H.D., Bailey, D., Spence, J.D., 1994. Clinical study of a new therapy for nerve agent poisoning: ascending dose tolerance study of HI 6 and atropine. Suffield Report. Defense Research Establishment, Suffield, pp. 1-32.
9. De Silva H.J., Wijewickrema R., and Senanayake N. Does pralidoxime affect outcome of management in acute organophosphate poisoning?. Lancet 339 (1992) 1136-1138
10. Eddleston, M., Buckley, N.A., Eyer, P., Dawson, A.H.,2006. Medical management of acute organophosphorus pesticide self-poisoning. Lancet, in press.
11. Eddleston M., Eyer P., Worek F., Mohamed F., Senarathna L., von Meyer L., Juszczak E., Hittarage A., Azhar S., Dissanayake W., Sheriff M.H., Szinicz L., Dawson A.H., and Buckley N.A. Differences between organophosphorus insecticides in human self-poisoning: a prospective cohort study. Lancet 366 (2005) 1452-1459
12. Eddleston M., and Phillips M.R. Self poisoning with pesticides. Br. Med. J. 328 (2004) 42-44
13. Eddleston M., Szinicz L., Eyer P., and Buckley N. Oximes in acute organophosphate poisoning: a systematic review of clinical trials. Quart. J. Med. 95 (2002) 1-9
14. Erdmann W.D., and von Clarmann M. Ein neuer Esterase-Reaktivator für die Behandlung von Vergiftungen mit Alkylphosphaten. Dtsch. Med. Wschr. 88 (1963) 2201-2206
15. Eyer F., and Eyer P. Enzyme-based assay for quantification of paraoxon in blood of parathion poisoned patients. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 17 (1998) 645-651
16. Eyer F., Meischner V., Kiderlen D., Thiermann H., Worek F., Haberkorn M., Felgenhauer N., Zilker T., and Eyer P. Human parathion poisoning: a toxicokinetic analysis. Toxicol. Rev. 22 (2003) 143-163
17. Eyer P. The role of oximes in the management of organophosphorus pesticide poisoning. Toxicol. Rev. 22 (2003) 165-190
18. Eyer P., Kiderlen D., Meischner V., Szinicz L., Thiermann H., Worek F., Eyer F., Felgenhauer N., Pfab R., Zilker T., Eddleston M., Senarathna L., Sherrif R., and Buckley N. The current status of oximes in the treatment of OP poisoning-comparing two regimes. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 41 (2003) 441-443
19. Hackley Jr. B.E., Steinberg G.M., and Lamb J.C. Formation of potent inhibitors of AChE by reaction of pyridinaldoximes with isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate (GB). Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 80 (1959) 211-214
20. Hobbiger F. Inhibition of cholinesterases by irreversible inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. Br. J. Pharmacol. 6 (1951) 21-30
21. Hobbiger F. Effect of nicotinhydroxamic acid methiodide on human plasma cholinesterase inhibited by organophosphates containing a dialkylphosphato group. Br. J. Pharmacol. 10 (1955) 356-362
22. Jeyaratnam J. Acute pesticide poisoning: a major global health problem. World Health Stat. Quart. 43 (1990) 139-144
23. Kiderlen D., Eyer P., and Worek F. Formation and disposition of diethylphosphoryl-obidoxime, a potent anticholinesterase that is hydrolysed by human paraoxonase (PON1). Biochem. Pharmacol. 69 (2005) 1853-1867
24. Kiderlen D., Worek F., Klimmek R., and Eyer P. The phosphoryl oxime-destroying activity of human plasma. Arch. Toxicol. 74 (2000) 27-32
25. Kusic R., Boskovic B., Vojvodic V., and Jovanovic D. HI-6 in man: blood levels, urinary excretion, and tolerance after intramuscular administration of the oxime to healthy volunteers. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 5 (1985) S89-S97
26. Kusic R., Jovanovic D., Randjelovic S., Joksovic D., Todorovic V., Boskovic B., Jokanovic M., and Vojvodic V. HI-6 in man: Efficacy of the oxime in poisoning by organophosphorus insecticides. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 10 (1991) 113-118
27. Li B., Sedlacek M., Manoharan I., Boopathy R., Duysen E.G., Masson P., and Lockridge O. Butyrylcholinesterase, paraoxonase, and albumin esterase, but not carboxylesterase, are present in human plasma. Biochem. Pharmacol. 70 (2005) 1673-1684
28. Lockridge O., and Masson P. Pesticides and susceptible populations: people with butyrylcholinesterase genetic variants may be at risk. NeuroToxicology 21 (2000) 113-126
29. Lüttringhaus A., and Hagedorn I. Quartäre Hydroxyiminomethyl-pyridiniumsalze. Das Dichlorid des Bis-[4-hydroxyiminomethyl-pyridinium-(1)-methyl]-äthers ("LüH6"), ein neuer Reaktivator der durch organische Phosphorsäureester gehemmten Acetylcholin-Esterase. Arzneim. Forsch. 14 (1964) 1-5
30. Mason H.J. The recovery of plasma cholinesterase and erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity in workers after over-exposure to dichlorvos. Occup. Med. (London) 50 5 (2000) 343-347
31. Nagao M., Takatori T., Matsuda Y., Nakajima M., Iwase H., and Iwadate K. Definitive evidence for the acute sarin poisoning diagnosis in the Tokyo subway. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 144 1 (1997) 198-203
32. Namba T., and Hiraki K. PAM (pyridine-2-aldoxime methiodide) therapy for alkylphosphate poisoning. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 166 (1958) 1834-1839
33. Oettel H. Erfahrungen einer Giftinformationsstelle. Dtsch. Ärztebl. 64 (1967) 2787-2791
34. Peter J.V., and Moran J.L. Role of oximes in human organophosphate poisoning-a critical look at the evidence. Critical care update, 2004 (2004), Nayyar, V., New Delhi pp. 153-163
35. Poziomek E.J., Hackley Jr. B.E., and Steinberg G.M. Pyridinium aldoximes. J. Org. Chem. 23 (1958) 714-717
36. Richter R.J., and Furlong C.E. Determination of paraoxonase (PON1) status requires more than phenotyping. Pharmacogenetics 9 (1999) 745-753
37. Roberts D.M., Karunarathna A., Buckley N., Manuweera G., Sherrif R., and Eddleston M. Influence of pesticide regulation on acute poisoning deaths in Sri Lanka. Bull. WHO 81 (2003) 789-798
38. Rosenfeld C.A., and Sultatos L.G. Concentration-dependent kinetics of acetylcholinesterase inhibition by the organophosphate paraoxon. Toxicol. Sci. 90 2 (2006) 460-469
39. Schrader G. Die Entwicklung neuer Insektizide auf Grundlage organischer Fluor- und Phosphorverbindungen (1951), Verlag Chemie, Weinheim
40. Sidell F.R., Groff W.A., and Kaminskis A. Toxogonin and pralidoxime: kinetic comparison after intravenous administration to man. J. Pharm. Sci. 61 (1972) 1765-1769
41. Spöhrer U., and Eyer P. Separation of geometrical syn/anti isomers of obidoxime by ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A 693 (1995) 55-61
42. Sundwall A. Minimum concentrations of N-methylpyridinium-2-aldoxime methane sulphonate (P2S) which reverse neuromuscular block. Biochem. Pharmacol. 8 (1961) 413-417
43. Suzuki J., Kohno T., Tsukagosi M., Furuhata T., and Yamazaki K. Eighteen cases exposed to sarin in Matsumoto, Japan. Intern. Med. 36 (1997) 466-470
44. Szinicz L., Eyer P., Worek F., Kiderlen D., and Mast U. Development of a standard operation procedure for determination of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in blood. Proceedings of the Chemical and Biological Medical Treatment Symposium CBMTS-Industry I. Zagreb-Dubrovnik (1999)
45. Taylor P., and Radic Z. The cholinesterases: from genes to proteins. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 34 (1994) 281-320
46. Thiermann H., Mast U., Klimmek R., Eyer P., Hibler A., Pfab R., Felgenhauer N., and Zilker T. Cholinesterase status, pharmacokinetics and laboratory findings during obidoxime therapy in organophosphate poisoned patients. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 16 (1997) 473-480
47. Thiermann H., Szinicz L., Eyer P., Zilker T., and Worek F. Correlation between red blood cell acetylcholinesterase activity and neuromuscular transmission in organophosphate poisoning. Chem. Biol. Interact. 157/158 (2005) 345-347
48. Thiermann H., Worek F., Szinicz L., Haberkorn M., Eyer F., Felgenhauer N., Zilker T., Kiderlen D., Krummer S., and Eyer P. Obidoxime plasma levels in organophosphate poisoned patients. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 40 (2002) 318-319
49. Thiermann H., Worek F., Szinicz L., Haberkorn M., Felgenhauer N., Zilker T., Kiderlen D., Krummer S., and Eyer P. Principles of oxime treatment and its limitations: from case reports to an assessment of oxime effectiveness. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 39 (2001) 256
50. Willems J.L. Round table discussion. In: Szinicz L., Eyer P., and Klimmek R. (Eds). Role of Oximes in the Treatment of Anticholinesterase Agent Poisoning (1996), Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg, Spektrum 80
51. Wilson I.B., and Ginsburg S. A powerful reactivator of alkylphosphate-inhibited acetylcholinesterase. Bichim. Biophys. Acta 18 (1955) 168-170
52. Worek F., Bäcker M., Thiermann H., Szinicz L., Mast U., Klimmek R., and Eyer P. Reappraisal of indications and limitations of oxime therapy in organophosphate poisoning. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 16 (1997) 466-472
53. Worek F., Diepold C., and Eyer P. Dimethylphosphoryl-inhibited human cholinesterases: inhibition, reactivation, and aging kinetics. Arch. Toxicol. 73 (1999) 7-14
54. Worek F., Kirchner T., Bäcker M., and Szinicz L. Reactivation by various oximes of human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase inhibited by different organophosphorus compounds. Arch. Toxicol. 70 (1996) 497-503
55. Worek F., Mast U., Kiderlen D., Diepold C., and Eyer P. Improved determination of acetylcholinesterase activity in human whole blood. Clin. Chim. Acta 288 (1999) 73-90
56. Worek F., Thiermann H., Szinicz L., and Eyer P. Kinetic analysis of interactions between human acetylcholinesterase, structurally different organophosphorus compounds and oximes. Biochem. Pharmacol. 68 (2004) 2237-2248