Hyperdispersed cache distributions reduce pilferage: a field study

Animal Behaviour

Volumn 73, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 717-726

  Male, Lucinda H ^a   Smulders, Tom V ^a  

^a NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

cache dispersal; cache loss; caching; pilferage; scatter hoarding

Indexed keywords

CACHING; DISPERSAL; EVOLUTIONARILY STABLE STRATEGY; FIELD SURVEY; FORAGING EFFICIENCY; GRANIVORY;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 33947641514     PISSN: 00033472     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.06.017     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Alatalo R.V., and Carlson A. Hoarding site selection of the willow tit in the presence of the Siberian tit. Ornis Fennica 64 (1987) 1-9
2. Andersson M., and Krebs J.R. On the evolution of hoarding behaviour. Animal Behaviour 26 (1978) 707-711
3. Barnea A., and Nottebohm F. Patterns of food storing by black-capped chickadees suggest mnemonic hypothesis. Animal Behaviour 49 (1995) 1161-1176
4. Bednekoff P.A., and Houston A.I. Avian daily foraging patterns: effects of digestive constraints and variability. Evolutionary Ecology 8 (1994) 36-52
5. Bossema I. Jays and oaks: an eco-ethological study of a symbiosis. Behaviour 70 (1979) 1-117
6. Brodin A. Low rate of loss of willow tit caches may increase adaptiveness of long-term hoarding. Auk 110 (1993) 642-645
7. Brodin A. Separation of caches between individual willow tits hoarding under natural conditions. Animal Behaviour 47 (1994) 1031-1035
8. Brodin A. The disappearance of caches that have been stored by naturally foraging willow tits. Animal Behaviour 47 (1994) 730-732
9. Brodin A., and Kunz C. An experimental study of cache recovery by hoarding willow tits after different retention intervals. Behaviour 134 (1997) 881-890
10. Brotons L. Individual food hoarding decisions in a non-territorial coal tit population: the role of social context. Animal Behaviour 60 (2000) 395-402
11. Brotons L., Desrochers A., and Turcotte Y. Food hoarding behaviour of black capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) in relation to forest edges. Oikos 95 (2001) 511-519
12. Bugnyar T., and Kotrschal K. Observational learning and the raiding of food caches in ravens, Corvus corax: is it 'tactical' deception?. Animal Behaviour 64 (2002) 185-195
13. Burnell K.L., and Tomback D.F. Steller's jays steal gray jay caches: field and laboratory observations. Auk 102 (1985) 417-419
14. Carrascal L.M., and Moreno E. Food caching versus immediate consumption in the nuthutch: the effect of social context. Ardea 81 (1993) 135-141
15. Clarkson K., Eden S.F., Sutherland W.J., and Houston A.I. Density dependence and magpie food hoarding. Journal of Animal Ecology 55 (1986) 111-121
16. Cowie R.J., Krebs J.R., and Sherry D.F. Food storing in marsh tits. Animal Behaviour 29 (1981) 1252-1259
17. Dale M. Spatial Pattern Analysis in Plant Ecology (1999), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
18. Dall S.R.X., and Cuthill I.C. Searching in patches by European starlings, Sturnus vulgaris. Behavioural Processes 39 (1997) 149-159
19. Dall S.R.X., Cuthill I.C., Cook N., and Morphet M. Learning about food: starlings, skinner boxes and earthworms. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 67 (1997) 181-192
20. Emlen J.M. Ecology: an Evolutionary Approach (1973), Addison-Wesley, New York
21. Haftorn S. Contribution to the food biology of tits especially about storing of surplus food. Part IV. A comparative analysis of Parus atricapillus L., P. cristatus, and P. ater L. Kongelige Norske Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter 4 (1956) 1-54
22. Haftorn S. The proportion of spruce seeds removed by the tits in a Norwegian spruce forest in 1954-55. Kongelige Norske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger 32 (1959) 121-125
23. Hammock P., and Noble-Rollin D.C. Gosforth Park Nature Reserve Annual Report 1990. Transactions of the Natural History Society of Northumbria 5 (1990) 213-237
24. Hill S.L., Burrows M.T., and Hughes R.N. Increased turning per unit distance as an area-restricted search mechanism in a pause-travel predator, juvenile plaice, foraging for buried bivalves. Journal of Fish Biology 56 (2000) 1497-1508
25. Hill S.L., Burrows M.T., and Hughes R.N. Adaptive search in juvenile plaice foraging for aggregated and dispersed prey. Journal of Fish Biology 61 (2002) 1255-1267
26. Hill S.L., Burrows M.T., and Hughes R.N. The efficiency of adaptive search tactics for different prey distribution patterns: a simulation model based on the behaviour of juvenile plaice. Journal of Fish Biology 63 (2003) 117-130
27. Hoel P.G. On indices of dispersion. Annals of Mathematical Statistics 14 (1943) 155-162
28. Hurly A.T., and Lourie S.A. Scatterhoarding and larderhoarding by red squirrels: size, dispersion and allocation of hoards. Journal of Mammalogy 78 (1997) 529-537
29. Inki K., and Suhonen J. Characteristics of cache sites most likely to be robbed by willow tits (Parus montanus). Condor 95 (1993) 742-744
30. Ivlev V.S. Experimental Ecology of the Feeding of Fishes (1961), Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut
31. Jenkins S.H., Rothstein A., and Green W.C.H. Food hoarding by Merriam's kangaroo rats: a test of alternative hypotheses. Ecology 76 (1995) 2470-2481
32. Jokinen S., and Suhonen J. Food caching by willow and crested tits: a test of scatterhoarding models. Ecology 76 (1995) 892-898
33. Kacelnik A. The foraging efficiency of great tits (Parus major L.) in relation to light intensity. Animal Behaviour 27 (1979) 237-241
34. Laca E.A. Spatial memory and food searching mechanisms of cattle. Journal of Range Management 51 (1998) 370-378
35. Lahti K., and Rytkonen S. Presence of conspecifics, time of day and age affect willow tit hoarding. Animal Behaviour 52 (1996) 631-636
36. Lens L., Adriaensen F., and Dhondt A.A. Age-related hoarding strategies in the crested tit Parus cristatus: should the cost of subordination be re-assessed?. Journal of Animal Ecology 63 (1994) 1-7
37. Pravosudov V.V. Search for and storage of food by Parus cinctus lapponicus and Parus montanus borealis (Paridae). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 64 (1985) 1036-1043
38. Pravosudov V.V. Individual differences in foraging and storing behaviour in siberian tit Parus cinctus Bodd. and willow tit Parus montanus Bald. Soviet Journal of Ecology 17 (1986) 60-64
39. Reichman O.J. Desert granivore foraging and its impact on seed densities and distributions. Ecology 60 (1979) 1085-1092
40. Reichman O.J., and Oberstein D. Selection of seed distribution types by Dipodomys merriami and Perognathus amplus. Ecology 58 (1977) 636-643
41. Sherry D.F. Food storage, memory, and marsh tits. Animal Behaviour 30 (1982) 631-633
42. Sherry D.F. Food storage by black capped chickadees: memory for the location and contents of caches. Animal Behaviour 32 (1984) 451-464
43. Sherry D.F. What food-storing birds remember. Canadian Journal of Psychology 38 (1984) 304-321
44. Sherry D.F., Krebs J.R., and Cowie R.J. Memory for the location of stored food in marsh tits. Animal Behaviour 29 (1981) 1260-1266
45. Sherry D.F., Avery M., and Stevens A. The spacing of stored food by marsh tits. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 58 (1982) 153-162
46. Shettleworth S.J. Memory in food hoarding birds. Scientific American 248 (1983) 86-95
47. Shettleworth S.J., and Krebs J.R. How marsh tits find their hoards: the roles of site preference and spatial memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavioral Processes 8 (1982) 354-375
48. Smulders T.V. A game theoretical model of the evolution of food-hoarding: applications to the Paridae. American Naturalist 151 (1998) 356-366
49. Smulders T.V., and Dhondt A.A. How much memory do tits need?. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 12 (1997) 417-418
50. Smulders T.V., Sasson A.D., and DeVoogd T.J. Seasonal variation in hippocampal volume in a food-storing bird, the black-capped chickadee. Journal of Neurobiology 27 (1995) 15-25
51. Smulders T.V., Shiflett M.W., Sperling A.J., and DeVoogd T.J. Seasonal changes in neuron numbers in the hippocampal formation of a food-hoarding bird: the black-capped chickadee. Journal of Neurobiology 44 (2000) 414-422
52. Stapanian M.A., and Smith C.C. A model for seed scatterhoarding: coevolution of fox squirrels and black walnuts. Ecology 59 (1978) 884-896
53. Stapanian M.A., and Smith C.C. Density-dependent survival of scatterhoarded nuts: an experimental approach. Ecology 65 (1984) 1387-1396
54. Suhonen J., and Alatalo R.V. Hoarding sites in mixed flocks of willow and crested tits. Ornis Scandinavica 22 (1991) 88-93
55. Suhonen J., and Inki K. Recovery of willow tit food caches by other willow tits and by great tits. Animal Behaviour 44 (1992) 180-181
56. Tinbergen N., Impekoven M., and Frank D. An experiment on spacing-out as a defence against predation behaviour. Behaviour 28 (1967) 307-321
57. Tomback D.F. How nutcrackers find their seed stores. Condor 82 (1980) 10-19
58. Traniello J.F.A., Fourcassie V., and Graham T.P. Search behaviour and foraging ecology of the ant Formica schaufussi: colony level and individual patterns. Ethology, Ecology and Evolution 3 (1991) 35-47
59. Upton G., and Fingleton B. Spatial Data Analysis by Example (1985), J. Wiley, Chichester
60. Vander Wall S.B. Food Hoarding in Animals (1990), University of Chicago Press, Chicago
61. Vander Wall S.B. Foraging success of granivorous rodents: effects of variation in seed and soil water on olfaction. Ecology 79 (1998) 233-241
62. Vander Wall S.B., and Jenkins S.H. Reciprocal pilferage and the evolution of food-hoarding behavior. Behavioral Ecology 14 (2003) 656-667
63. Waite T.A. A field test of density-dependent survival of simulated gray jay caches. Condor 90 (1988) 247-249
64. Waite T.A., and Reeves J.D. Gray jay scatterhoarding behavior, rate maximization, and the effect of local cache density. Ornis Scandinavica 23 (1992) 175-182
65. Waite T.A., and Reeves J.D. Cache dispersion by grey jays sequentially exploiting adjacent sources. Animal Behaviour 47 (1994) 1232-1234
66. Waite T.A., and Reeves J.D. Source-use decisions by hoarding gray jays: effects of local cache density and food value. Journal of Avian Biology 26 (1995) 59-66