The historiography of the anglo-saxon ‘nation-state’

Power and the Nation in European History

Volumn 9780521845809, Issue , 2005, Pages 125-142

  Foot, Sarah ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD   (United Kingdom)

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EID: 33947582568     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511614538.006     Document Type: Chapter

References (88)

1. James Campbell, ‘The late Anglo-Saxon state: A maximum view’, Proceedings of the British Academy 87 (1994), 39-65; reprinted in his The Anglo-Saxon State (London: Hambledon, 2000), p. 10.
2. James Campbell, ‘The united kingdom of England: The Anglo-Saxon achievement’, in Alexander Grant and K. J. Stringer (eds.), Uniting the Kingdom: The Making of English History, (London: Routledge, 1995), pp. 31-47; reprinted in Campbell, The Anglo-Saxon State, p. 31.
3. F. M. Stenton, William the Conqueror and the Rule of the Normans (New York and London: Putnam, 1908), pp. 21-22.
4. F. M. Stenton, William the Conqueror and the Rule of the Normans (New York and London: Putnam, 1908), p. 5.
5. F. M. Stenton, William the Conqueror and the Rule of the Normans (New York and London: Putnam, 1908), p. 8.
6. Interest in looking for the foundations of the state earlier than the sixteenth century is not peculiar to Anglo-Saxonists; see Alan Harding, Medieval Law and the Foundations of the State (Oxford University Press, 2002).
7. It is striking that Henry Loyn never found need of the word in his The Governance of Anglo-Saxon England 500-1087 (London: Edward Arnold, 1984).
8. Michael J. Braddick, State Formation in Early Modern England, c. 1550-1700 (Cambridge University Press, 2000), pp. 11-20.
9. Susan Reynolds, ‘What do we mean by “Anglo-Saxon” and the “Anglo-Saxons”?’, Journal of British Studies 24 (1985), 395-414
10. Patrick Wormald, ‘Englalond: The making of an allegiance’, Journal of Historical Sociology 7 (1994), 1-24
11. Sarah Foot, ‘The making of Angelcynn: English identity before the Norman Conquest’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 6th ser. 6 (1996), 25-49.
12. Philip Abrams, ‘Notes on the difficulty of studying the state’, Journal of Historical Sociology 1 (1988), 82
13. Philip Corrigan and Derek Sayer, The Great Arch: English State Formation as Cultural Revolution (Oxford: Blackwell, 1985), p. 7
14. Rees Davies, ‘The state: The tyranny of a concept?’, Journal of Historical Sociology 15 (2002), 71.
15. James Campbell, ‘The significance of the Anglo-Norman state in the administrative history of western Europe’, in W. Paravincini and K. F. Werner (eds.), Histoire comparée de l’administration (IV e-XVIII e siècles), Beihefte der Francia 9 (Munich, 1980), 117-34; reprinted in James Campbell, Essays in Anglo-Saxon History (London: Hambledon, 1986), p. 171.
16. Campbell, ‘The united kingdom’, p. 33.
17. James Campbell, ‘Some agents and agencies of the late Anglo-Saxon state’, in J. C. Holt (ed.) Domesday Studies (Woodbridge: Boydell and Brewer, 1987), pp. 201-18; reprinted in his The Anglo-Saxon State, p. 201.
18. James Campbell., pp. 221-2.
19. V. G. Kiernan, ‘State and nation in western Europe’, Past and Present 31 (1965), 21.
20. Compare Quentin Skinner, Foundations of Modern Political Thought (2 vols., Cambridge University Press, 1978), vol. 2, pp. 353-5: ‘the distinctively modern idea of the State as a form of public power separate from both the ruler and the ruled’.
21. Susan Reynolds, ‘The historiography of the medieval state’, in Michael Bentley (ed.), Companion to Historiography (London: Routledge, 1997), p. 120.
22. Susan Reynolds, Fiefs and Vassals: The Medieval Evidence Reinterpreted (Oxford University Press, 1994), pp. 1-16.
23. Freeman argued that the ‘distinctive character of English history is its continuity’: ‘The continuity of English history’, in his Historical Essays, first series (London and New York: Macmillan, 1871; 4th edition 1886), p. 40.
24. Helen Cam, ‘Stubbs seventy years after’, Cambridge Historical Journal 9 (1948), 130.
25. V. H. Galbraith, An Introduction to the Study of History (London: C. A. Watts, 1964), p. 6.
26. Patrick Wormald, ‘Anglo-Saxon society and its literature’, in Malcolm Godden and Michael Lapidge (eds.), The Cambridge Companion to Old English Literature (Cambridge University Press, 1991), pp. 19 and 1.
27. Wormald, ‘Engla lond ’, 10.
28. Foot, ‘The making of Angelcynn’.
29. James Campbell, ‘Bede’s reges and principes’, Jarrow Lecture, 1979, reprinted in his Essays in Anglo-Saxon History, p. 86.
30. Wulfstan, ‘Institutes of Polity’, xx2 and 4 in K. Jost (ed.), Die “Institutes of Polity, Civil and Ecclesiastical” (Bern: Francke, 1959), pp. 41-56
31. Michael Swanton in Anglo-Saxon Prose (London: J. M. Dent, 1993), pp. 188-9.
32. Wulfstan, ‘Institutes of Polity’, x4 in Jost (ed.), Die “Institutes”, pp. 55-6; trans. Swanton, Anglo-Saxon Prose, p. 189.
33. Reynolds, ‘The historiography of the medieval state’, p. 118.
34. Michael Mann, ‘State and society, 1130-1815: An analysis of English state finances’, in Political Power and Social Theory 1 (1980), 166. Quoted by Braddick, State Formation, p. 12.
35. Braddick, State Formation, p. 20.
36. Joseph R. Strayer, On the Medieval Origins of the Modern State (Princeton University Press, 1970), p. 5.
37. Campbell, ‘The united kingdom of England’, p. 37.
38. Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism (2nd edn, London: Verso, 1991).
39. Alan Thacker, ‘Peculiaris patronus nostrus: The saint as patron of the state in the early middle ages’, in J. R. Maddicott and D. M. Palliser (eds.), The Medieval State: Essays Presented to James Campbell (London: Hambledon, 2000), p. 2
40. Susan Reynolds, Kingdoms and Communities in Western Europe (2nd edn, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997), pp. 254-5.
41. Stubbs, ‘The Anglo-Saxon constitution’, in Arthur Hassall (ed.), Lectures on English History by William Stubbs (London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1906), pp. 1-17, esp. p. 10. Compare more recently Thacker, ‘Peculiaris patronus nostrus’, p. 3: ‘seventh and eighth-century England as a whole was not, therefore a state, nor perhaps were most of its numerous component polities’.
42. The opposite case has been argued by Krishan Kumar, who is more comfortable in defining eleventh-century England as a ‘state’ than he is in seeing this people as a nation: The Making of English Identity (Cambridge University Press, 2003), pp. 41-8.
43. J. R. Green, A Short History of the English People (London: Macmillan, 1874), pp. 4-5.
44. Harding, Medieval Law, pp. 1-2.
45. Corrigan and Sayer, The Great Arch, pp. 18-19.
46. Stubbs, ‘The Anglo-Saxon constitution’, p. 4.
47. William Stubbs, The Constitutional History of England in its Origin and Development (3 vols., Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1873-78; vol. I, 5th edition, 1891), pp. 235-6; the quotation from Carlyle’s Frederick the Great is found at the foot of p. 236.
48. Freeman, ‘The continuity’, p. 42.
49. For his account of the witenagemot see Stubbs, The Constitutional History, vol. 1, 20 51-8, pp. 133-57. On the limited character of kingship, x 59, p. 158.
50. Campbell, ‘Stubbs and the English state’, Stenton Lecture (Reading: University of Reading, 1989), reprinted in his The Anglo-Saxon State, pp. 249-50.
51. Stenton, William the Conqueror, p. 22.
52. In this the influence of T. F. Tout seems to have been critical; not so much his own Chapters in the Administrative History of Mediaeval England: The Wardrobe, the Chamber and the Small Seals (6 vols., Manchester University Press, 1920-33) which offered only a cursory look at pre-Conquest arrangements, but particularly the spread of his influence via his pupils, perhaps above all through V. H. Galbraith.
53. Ferdinand Lot, Les invasions germaniques (Paris: Payot, 1935).
54. R. R. Darlington, ‘The last phase of Anglo-Saxon history’, History 22 (1937), 7-9.
55. The Anglo-Saxon financial system which collected the Danegeld was not, Galbraith insisted (quarrelling here with his teacher Tout), ‘run from a box under the bed. We must suppose a well-organized and well-staffed Treasury at Winchester for many generations before the Conquest’: V. H. Galbraith, Studies in the Public Records (London: Nelson, 1948), p. 45.
56. M. K. Lawson, ‘The collection of Danegeld and heregeld in the reigns of Æthelred II and Cnut’, English Historical Review 99 (1984), 721-38
57. John Gillingham, “‘The most precious jewel in the English crown”: Levels of Danegeld and heregeld in the early eleventh century’, English Historical Review 104 (1989), 373-84
58. John Gillingham, ‘Chronicles and coins as evidence for levels of tribute and taxation in late tenth-and early eleventh-century England’, English Historical Review 105 (1990), 939-50
59. M. K. Lawson, ‘Danegeld and heregeld once more’, English Historical Review 105 (1990), 951-61.
60. Florence Harmer, Anglo-Saxon Writs (Manchester University Press, 1952)
61. Galbraith, Studies in the Public Records, p. 36.
62. Pierre Chaplais, ‘The Anglo-Saxon chancery: From the diploma to the writ’, Journal of the Society of Archivists 3 (1966), 160-76, reprinted in Felicity Ranger (ed.), Prisca Munimenta: Studies in Archival and Administrative History (London: University of London Press, 1973), pp. 43-62
63. Simon Keynes, The Diplomas of King Æthelred ‘the Unready’ 978-1016: A Study in their Use as Historical Evidence (Cambridge University Press, 1980)
64. S. E. Kelly, Charters of Abingdon Abbey, Anglo-Saxon Charters, vols. 8-9 (Oxford University Press for the British Academy, 2000-1), part 1, pp.115-131.
65. Patrick Wormald, ‘Charters, law and the settlement of disputes in Anglo-Saxon England’, in Wendy Davies and Paul Fouracre (eds.), The Settlement of Disputes in Early Medieval Europe (Cambridge University Press, 1986), pp. 149-68
66. Patrick Wormald, ‘A handlist of Anglo-Saxon lawsuits’, Anglo-Saxon England 17 (1988), 247-81.
67. W. A. Morris, The Medieval English Sheriff to 1300 (Manchester University Press, 1927)
68. Judith A. Green, ‘The sheriffs of William the Conqueror’, Anglo-Norman Studies 5 (1983), 129-45
69. Green, The Government of England under Henry I (Cambridge University Press, 1986), pp. 194-214.
70. Patrick Wormald, The Making of English Law: King Alfred to the Twelfth Century, I, Legislation and its Limits (Oxford: Blackwell, 1999), p. 429.
71. R. Allen Brown, The Normans and the Norman Conquest (2nd edn, Woodbridge: Boydell and Brewer, 1985), p. 57.
72. R. Allen Brown, The Normans and the Norman Conquest (2nd edn, Woodbridge: Boydell and Brewer, 1985), p. 5.
73. R. Allen Brown, ‘The Norman Conquest’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 5th ser. 17 (1967), 116.
74. Compare also Brown, The Normans, p. 63.
75. Galbraith, Studies in the Public Records, p. 36.
76. David C. Douglas, The Norman Conquest and British Historians, the David Murray Foundation Lecture, University of Glasgow, 1946, reprinted in his Time and the Hour: Some Collected Papers of David C. Douglas (London: Eyre Methuen, 1977), pp. 64-5.
77. W. L. Warren, ‘The myth of Norman administrative efficiency’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 5th ser. 34 (1984), 113-14.
78. Frank Barlow, The Feudal Kingdom of England 1042-1216 (London and New York: Longman, 1955; 3rd edition 1972), pp. 5-6.
79. For discussion of the wartime context in which Anglo-Saxon England was finally published see Donald Matthew, ‘The making of Anglo-Saxon England ’, in Donald Matthew (ed.), Anglo-Saxon England Fifty Years On (Reading: University of Reading, 1994), pp. 111-34.
80. Patrick Wormald, ‘Bede, the bretwaldas and the origins of the gens Anglorum’, in Patrick Wormald, Donald Bullough and Roger Collins (eds), Ideal and Reality in Frankish and Anglo-Saxon Society (Oxford: Blackwell, 1983), pp. 105-11.
81. Stenton, Anglo-Saxon England, p. 537.
82. Doris M. Stenton, ‘Frank Merry Stenton, 1880-1967’, Proceedings of the British Academy 54 (1968), 422.
83. Davies, ‘The state’.
84. Quoted by Davies, ‘The state’., 74.
85. Discussed by James Campbell, ‘England, c. 991’, in Janet Cooper (ed.), The Battle of Maldon: Fiction and Fact (London: Hambledon Press, 1993), pp. 1-17; reprinted in Campbell, The Anglo-Saxon State, pp. 176-7.
86. Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, 1051
87. Campbell, ‘The united kingdom of England’, pp. 36-7.
88. Wormald, ‘Engla lond ’, 13.