Testosterone addition during menopausal hormone therapy: Effects on mammographic breast density

Climacteric

Volumn 10, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 155-163

  Hofling, M ^a,b   Lundstrom E ^a   Azavedo, E ^a   Svane, G ^a   Hirschberg, A Linden ^a   Von Schoultz, B ^a  

^a KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

^b KAROLINSKA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Hormone replacement therapy; Mammographic breast density; Testosterone treatment

Indexed keywords

ESTRADIOL PLUS NORETHISTERONE ACETATE; PLACEBO; TESTOSTERONE; TTS; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BREAST; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MAMMOGRAPHY; MENOPAUSAL SYNDROME; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; QUESTIONNAIRE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; SYMPTOM;

AGED; ANDROGENS; BREAST; CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL, SYNTHETIC; DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE; DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; ESTRADIOL; FEMALE; HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY; HUMANS; MAMMOGRAPHY; MIDDLE AGED; NORETHINDRONE; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; TESTOSTERONE;

EID: 33947576392     PISSN: 13697137     EISSN: 14730804     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13697130701258812     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Shifren JL, Braunstein GD, Simo JA, et al. Transdermal testosterone treatment in women with impaired sexual function after oophorectomy. N Engl J Med 2000;343:682-8
2. Sherwin BB. Use of combined estrogen-androgen preparations in the postmenopause: evidence from clinical studies. Int J Fertil Womens Med 1998;43:98-103
3. Davis SR, McCloud PI, Strauss BJ, et al. Testosterone enhances estradiol's effects on postmenopausal bone density and sexuality. Maturitas 1995;21:227-36
4. Rosenberg MJ, King TD, Timmons MC. Estrogen-androgen for hormone replacement. A rewiew. J Reprod Med 1997;42:394-404
5. Gelfand M. It might be wise to consider adding androgen to the estrogen or estrogen-progestin regimens in the appropriate women. Menopause 2004;11:505-7
6. Chlebowski RT, Hendrix SL, Langer RD, et al. Influence of estrogen plus progestin on breast cancer and mammography in healthy postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Trial. JAMA 2003;289:3243-53
7. Beral V. Breast cancer and hormone-replacement therapy in the Million Women Study. Lancet 2003;362:419-27
8. Cauley JA, Lucas FL, Kuller LH, et al. Elevated serum estradiol and testosterone concentrations are associated with a high risk for breast cancer: study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. Ann Intern Med 1999;130:270-7
9. Key T, Appleby P, Barnes I, et al. Endogenous sex hormones and breast cancer in postmenopausal women: reanalysis of nine prospective studies. J Natl Cancer Inst 2002;94:606-16
10. Somboonporn W, Davis S. Testosterone effects on the breast: implications for testosterone therapy for women. Endocr Rev 2004;25:374-88
11. Dimitrakakis C, Jones R, Liu A, et al. Breast cancer incidence in postmenopausal women using testosterone in addition to usual hormone therapy. Menopause 2004;11:531-5
12. Tamimi RM, Hankinson SE, Chen WY, et al. Combined estrogen and testosterone use and risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Arch Intern Med 2006;166:1483-9
13. Boyd NF, Rommens JM, Vogt K, et al. Mammographic density as an intermediate phenotype for breast cancer. Lancet Oncol 2005;6:798-808
14. Warren R. Hormones and mammographic breast density. Maturitas 2004;49:67-78
15. Harvey JA, Bovbjerg VE. Quantitative assessment of mammographic breast density: relationship with breast cancer risk. Radiology 2004;230:29-41
16. Lundström E, Wilczek B, von Palffy Z, et al. Mammographic breast density during hormone replacement therapy: differences according to treatment. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999;181:348-52
17. Conner P, Svane G, Azavedo E, et al. Mammographic breast density, hormones, and growth factors during continuous combined hormone therapy. Fertil Steril 2004;81:1617-23
18. Hofling M, Linden Hirschberg A, Skoog L, et al. Testosterone addition inhibits estrogen-progestogen induced breast cell proliferation in postmenopausal women. Menopause 2006 Nov 13;E-pub
19. Lundström E, Wilczek B, von Palffy Z, et al. Mammographic breast density during hormone replacement therapy: effects of continuous combination, unopposed transdermal and low potency estrogen regimens. Climacteric 2001;4:42-8
20. Wolfe JN. Breast patterns as an index of risk for developing breast cancer. Am J Roentgenol 1976;26:1130-9
21. Lundström E, Christow A, Kersemaekers W, et al. Effects of tibolone and continuous combined hormone replacement therapy on mammographic breast density. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002;186:717-22
22. Byng JW, Boyd NF, Fishell E, et al. The quantitative analysis of mammographic densities. Phys Med Biol 1994;39:1629-38
23. Byng JW, Boyd NF, Fishell E, et al. Automated analysis of mammographic densities. Phys Med Biol 1996;41:909-23
24. Södergård R, Bäckström T, Shanbag V, et al. Calculation of free and bound fractions of testosterone and estradiol-17β to plasma proteins at body temperature. J Steroid Biochem 1982;187:801-4
25. Yaffe M, Hendrix S, Pike M, et al. Is mammographic density, as currently measured, a robust surrogate marker for breast cancer? Gynecol Endocrinol 2005;21:17-21
26. Greendale GA, Reboussin BA, Sie A, et al. Effects of estrogen and estrogen-progestin on mammographic parenchymal density. Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestogen Interventions (PEPI) Investigators. Ann Intern Med 1999;130:262-9
27. Guo YP, Martin L, Hanna W, et al. Growth factors and stromal matrix proteins associated with mammographic densities. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2001;10:243-8
28. Alowami S, Troup S, Al-Haddad S, et al. Mammographic density is related to stroma and stromal proteogycan expression. Breast Cancer Res 2003;5:129-35
29. Conner P. Hormone therapy and the breast - aspects on proliferation, apoptosis and mammographic density. Doctoral Thesis, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 2004
30. Lundström E, Söderqvist G, Svane G, et al. Digitized assessment of mammographic breast density during low dose intrauterine levonorgestrel in continuous combination with oral estradiol valerate. A pilot study. Fertil Steril 2006;85:989-95
31. Conner P, Söderqvist G, Skoog L, et al. Breast cell proliferation in postmenopausal women during HRT evaluated through fine needle aspiration cytology. Breast Cancer Res 2003; 78:159-65
32. Lundström E, Sahlin L, Skoog L, et al. Expression of Syndecan-1 in postmenopausal breast tissue according to mammographic density. Climacteric 2006;9:277-82
33. Hofling M, Carlström K, Azavedo E, et al. Different effects of tibolone and continous combined hormone replacement therapy on SHBG and free testosterone levels - an association with mammographic density. Gynecol Endocrinol 2005;20:110-15
34. Warren R, Skinner J, Sala E, et al. Associations among mammographic density, circulating sex hormones, and polymorphisms in sex hormone metabolism genes in postmenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15:1502-8
35. Sutton-Tyrrell K, Wildman RP, Matthews K, et al. Sex hormone-binding globulin and the free androgen index are related to cardiovascular risk factors in multiethnic premenopausal women enrolled in the Study of Women Across the Nation (SWAN). Circulation 2005;111:1242-9
36. Kahn SM, Hryb DJ, Nakhla AM, et al. Sex hormone-binding globulin is synthetized in target cells. J Endocrinol 2002;175:113-20
37. Conde I, Alfaro JM, Fraile B, et al. DAX-1 expression in human breast cancer: comparison with estrogen receptors ER-alfa, ER-beta and androgen receptor status. Breast Cancer Res 2004;6:140-8
38. Burak WE Jr, Quinn AL, Farrar WB, et al. Androgens influence estrogen-induced responses in human breast carcinoma cells through cytochrome P450 aromatase. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1997;44:57-64