Endometrial stromal tumours of the uterus: A practical approach using conventional morphology and ancillary techniques

Journal of Clinical Pathology

Volumn 60, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 235-243

  Baker, Patricia ^b   Oliva, Esther ^a  

^a MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b HEALTH SCIENCES CENTRE   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GESTAGEN;

CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER GRADING; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; ENDOMETRIAL STROMAL TUMOR; ENDOMETRIUM SARCOMA; HISTOLOGY; HUMAN; HYSTERECTOMY; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; LEIOMYOMATOSIS; MICROSCOPY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; REVIEW; SALPINGOOOPHORECTOMY; SEX CORD TUMOR; UTERUS MYOMA;

DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; ENDOMETRIAL STROMAL TUMORS; FEMALE; HUMANS; LEIOMYOMA; LEIOMYOMATOSIS; MESENCHYMOMA; SARCOMA, ENDOMETRIAL STROMAL; SEX CORD-GONADAL STROMAL TUMORS; TUMOR MARKERS, BIOLOGICAL;

EID: 33947420425     PISSN: 00219746     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2005.031203     Document Type: Review

References (86)

1. Moinfar F, Kremser ML, Man YG, et al. Allelic imbalances in endometrial stromal neoplasms: frequent genetic alterations in the nonlumorous normal-appearing endometrial and myometrial tissues. Gynecol Oncol 2004;95:662-71.
2. Hendrickson MR, Tavassoli FA, Kempson RL, et al. Mesenchymal tumors and related lesions. Pathology and genetics of tumours of the breast and female organs. Lyon: IARC Press, 2003:233-6.
3. Oliva E, Clement PB, Young RH. Endometrial stromal tumors: an update on a group of tumors with a protean phenotype. Adv Anat Pathol 2000;7:257-81.
4. Oliva E, Clement PB, Young RH. Mesenchymal tumours of the uterus: selected topics emphasizing diagnostic pitfalls. Curr Diagn Pathol 2002;8:268-82.
5. Evans HL. Endometrial stromal sarcoma and poorly differentiated endometrial sarcoma. Cancer 1982;50:2170-82.
6. Chang KL, Crabtree GS, Lim-Tan SK, et al. Primary uterine endometrial stromal neoplasms. A clinicopathologic study of 117 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 1990;14:415-38.
7. Fekete PS, Vellios F. The clinical and histologic spectrum of endometrial stromal neoplasms: a report of 41 cases. Int J Gynecol Pathol 1984;3:198-212.
8. Young RH, Prat J, Scully RE. Endometrioid stromal sarcomas of the ovary. A clinicopathologic analysis of 23 cases. Cancer 1984;53:1143-55.
9. Young RH, Scully RE. Sarcomas metastatic to the ovary: a report of 21 cases. Int J Gynecol Pathol 1990;9:231-52.
10. Tavassoli FA, Norris HJ. Mesenchymal tumours of the uterus. VII. A clinicopathological study of 60 endometrial stromal nodules. Histopathology 1981;5:1-10.
11. Dionigi A, Oliva E, Clement PB, et al. Endometrial stromal nodules and endometrial stromal tumors with limited infiltration: a clinicopathologic analysis of 50 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2002;26:567-81.
12. Hart WR, Yoonessi M. Endometrial stromatosis of the uterus. Obstet Gynecol 1977;49:393-403.
13. Vilos GA, Harding PG, Sugimoto AK, et al. Hysteroscopic endomyometrial resection of three uterine sarcomas. J Am Assoc Gynecol Loparosc 2001;8:545-51.
14. Schilder JM, Hurd WW, Roth LM, et al. Hormonal treatment of an endometrial stromal nodule followed by local excision. Obstet Gynecol 1999;93:805-7.
15. Bodner K, Bodner-Adler B, Obermair A, et al. Prognostic parameters in endometrial stromal sarcoma: a clinicopathologic study in 31 patients. Gynecol Oncol 2001;81:160-5.
16. De Fusco PA, Gaffey TA, Malkasian GD Jr, et al. Endometrial stromal sarcoma: review of Mayo Clinic experience, 1945-1980. Gynecol Oncol 1989;35:8-14.
17. Maluf FC, Sabbatini P, Schwartz L, et al. Endometrial stromal sarcoma: objective response to letrozole. Gynecol Oncol 2001;82:384-8.
18. Spano JP, Soria JC, Kambouchner M, et al. Long-term survival of patients given hormonal therapy for metastatic endometrial stromal sarcoma. Med Oncol 2003;20:87-93.
19. Leunen M, Breugelmans M, De Sutter P, et al. Low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma treated with the aromatase inhibitor letrozole. Gynecol Oncol 2004;95:769-71.
20. Leiser AL, Hamid AM, Blanchard R. Recurrence of prolactin-producing endometrial stromal sarcoma with sex-cord stromal component treated with progestin and aromatase inhibitor. Gynecol Oncol 2004;94:567-71.
21. Piver MS, Rutledge FN, Copeland L, et al. Uterine endolymphatic stromal myosis: a collaborative study. Obstet Gynecol 1984;64:173-8.
22. Gloor E, Schnyder P, Cikes M, et al. Endolymphatic stromal myosis. Surgical and hormonal treatment of extensive abdominal recurrence 20 years after hysterectomy. Cancer 1982;50:1888-93.
23. Oliva E. CD10 expression in the female genital tract: does it have useful diagnostic applications? Adv Anat Pathol 2004;11:310-15.
24. Loddenkemper C, Mechsner S, Foss HD, et al. Use of oxytocin receptor expression in distinguishing between uterine smooth muscle tumors and endometrial stromal sarcoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2003;27:1458-62.
25. Mikami Y, Hata S, Kiyokawa T, et al. Expression of CD10 in malignant mullerian mixed tumors and adenosarcomas: an immunohistochemical study. Mod Pathol 2002;15:923-30.
26. Oliva E, Young RH, Clement PB, et al. Cellular benign mesenchymal tumors of the uterus. A comparative morphologic and immunohistochemical analysis of 33 highly cellular leiomyomas and six endometrial stromal nodules, two frequently confused tumors. Am J Surg Pathol 1995;19:757-68.
27. Clement PB. The pathology of uterine smooth muscle tumors and mixed endometrial stromal-smooth muscle tumors: a selective review with emphasis on recent advances. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2000;19:39-55.
28. Abrams J, Talcott J, Corson JM. Pulmonary metastases in patients with low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma. Clinicopathologic findings with immunohistochemical characterization. Am J Surg Pathol 1989;13:133-40.
29. Devaney K, Tavassoli FA. Immunohistochemistry as a diagnostic aid in the interpretation of unusual mesenchymal tumors of the uterus. Mod Pathol 1991;4:225-31.
30. Lillemoe TJ, Perrone T, Norris HJ, et al. Myogenous phenotype of epithelial-like areas in endometrial stromal sarcomas. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1991;115:215-19.
31. Franquemont DW, Frierson HF, Mills SE. An immunohistochemical study of normal endometrial stroma and endometrial stromal neoplasms. Evidence for smooth muscle differentiation. Am J Surg Pathol 1991;15:861- 70.
32. Farhood AI, Abrams J. Immunohistochemistry of endometrial stromal sarcoma. Hum Pathol 1991;22:224-30.
33. Oliva E, Young RH, Amin MB, et al. An immunohistochemical analysis of endometrial stromal and smooth muscle tumors of the uterus: a study of 54 cases emphasizing the crucial importance of using a panel because of overlap in immunoreoctivity for individual antibodies. Am J Surg Pathol 2002;26:403-12.
34. Chu P, Arber DA. Paraffin-section detection of CD10 in 505 nonhematopoietic neoplasms. Frequent expression in renal cell carcinoma and endometrial stromal sarcoma. Am J Clin Pathol 2000;113:374-82.
35. Chu PG, Arber DA, Weiss LM, et al. Utility of CD10 in distinguishing between endometrial stromal sarcoma and uterine smooth muscle tumors: an immunohistochemical comparison of 34 cases. Mod Pathol 2001;14:465-71.
36. McCluggoge WG, Sumathi VP, Maxwell P. CD10 is a sensitive and diagnostically useful immunohistochemical marker of normal endometrial stroma and of endometrial stromal neoplasms. Histopathology 2001;39:273- 8.
37. Nucci MR, O'Connell JT, Huettner PC, et al. h-Caldesmon expression effectively distinguishes endometrial stromal tumors from uterine smooth muscle tumors. Am J Surg Pathol 2001;25:455-63.
38. Rush DS, Tan J, Baergen RN, et al. h-Caldesmon, a novel smooth muscle-specific antibody, distinguishes between cellular leiomyoma and endometrial stromal sarcoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2001;25:253-8.
39. Srodon M, Kurman RJ. CD10, desmin, and caldesmon in differentiating uterine stromal from smooth muscle tumors [abstract]. Mod Pathol 2002; 15:211A.
40. De Leval L. Use of histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8), a new marker of smooth muscle differentiation, in the classification of mesenchymal tumors of the uterus. Am J Surg Pathol 2006;30:319-27.
41. Malpica A, Averyt J, Deavers MT, et al. A comparison of the performance of smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SMMS-1) versus caldesmon, desmin, and smooth muscle actin in the evaluation of uterine smooth muscle tumors [abstract 899]. Mod Pathol 2005;18:194A.
42. Clement PB. Intravenous leiomyomatosis of the uterus. Pathol Annu 1988;23:153-83.
43. Tabata T, Takeshima N, Hirai Y, et al. Low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma with cardiovascular involvement - a report or three cases. Gynecol Oncol 1999;75:495-8.
44. Clement PB, Young RH, Scully RE. Intravenous leiomyomatosis of the uterus. A clinicopathological analysis of 16 cases with unusual histologic features. Am J Surg Pathol 1988;12:932-45.
45. Mulvany NJ, Slavin JL, Ostor AG, et al. Intravenous leiomyomatosis of the uterus: a clinicopathologic study of 22 cases, Int J Gynecol Pathol 1994;13:1-9.
46. Silverberg SG. Low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma: a rare but often puzzling diagnostic problem. Pathol Case Rev 2000;5:173-80.
47. Folpe AL, Mentzel T, Lehr HA, et al. Perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasms of soft tissue and gynecologic origin: a clinicopathologic study of 26 cases and review of the literature. Am J Surg Pathol 2005;29:1558-75.
48. Vang R, Kempson RL. Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor ('PEComa') of the uterus: a subset of HMB-45-positive epithelioid mesenchymal neoplasms with an uncertain relationship to pure smooth muscle tumors. Am J Surg Pathol 2002;26:1-13.
49. Fukunaga M. Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor of the uterus: report of four cases. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2005;24:341-6.
50. Dimmler A, Seitz G, Hohenberger W, et al. Late pulmonary metastasis in uterine PEComa. J Clin Pathol 2003;56:627-8.
51. Lifschitz-Mercer B, Czernobilsky B, Dgani R, et al. Immunocytochemical study of an endometrial diffuse clear cell stromal sarcoma and other endometrial stromal sarcomas. Cancer 1987;59:1494-9.
52. Oliva E, Clement PB, Young RH. Epithelioid endometrial and endometrioid stromal tumors: a report of four cases emphasizing their distinction from epithelioid smooth muscle tumors and other oxyphilic uterine and extrauterine tumors. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2002;21:48-55.
53. Oliva E, Clement PB, Young RH, et al. Mixed endometrial stromal and smooth muscle tumors of the uterus: a clinicopathologic study of 15 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 1998;22:997-1005.
54. Schammel DP, Silver SA, Tavassoli FA. Combined endomerial stromal/smooth muscle neoplasms of the uterus. A clinicopathologic study of 38 cases [abstract]. Mod Pathol 1999;12:124A.
55. Yilmaz A, Rush DS, Soslow RA. Endometrial stromal sarcomas with unusual histologic features: a report of 24 primary and metastatic tumors emphasizing fibroblastic and smooth muscle differentiation. Am J Surg Pathol 2002;26:1142-50.
56. Oliva E, Young RH, Clement PB, et al. Myxoid and fibrous variants of endometrial stromal tumors of the uterus: a report of 10 cases, Int J Gynecol Pathol 1999;18:310-19.
57. Kasashima S, Kobayashi M, Yamada M, et al. Myxoid endometrial stromal sarcoma of the uterus. Pathol Int 2003;53:637-41.
58. Clement PB, Scully RE. Uterine tumors resembling ovarian sex-cord tumors. A clinicopathologic analysis of fourteen cases. Am J Clin Pathol 1976;66:512-25.
59. Irving JA. Uterine tumors resembling ovarian sex cord tumors are pofyphenotypic neoplasms with true sex cord differentiation. Mod Pathol 2006;19:17-24.
60. Zamecnik M, Michal M. Endometrial stromal nodule with retiform sex-cord-like differentiation. Pathol Res Pract 1998;194:449-53.
61. McCluggage WG, Date A, Bharucha H, et al. Endometrial stromal sarcoma with sex cord-like areas and focal rhabdoid differentiation. Histopathology 1996;29:369-74.
62. Clement PB, Scully RE. Endometrial stromal sarcomas of the uterus with extensive endometrioid glandular differentiation: a report of three cases that caused problems in differential diagnosis. Int J Gynecol Pathol 1992;11:163-73.
63. McCluggage WG, Cromie AJ, Biyson C, et al. Uterine endometrial stromal sarcoma with smooth muscle and glandular differentiation. J Clin Pathol 2001;54:481-3.
64. Kim YH, Cho H, Kyeom-Kim H, et al. Uterine endometrial stromal sarcoma with rhabdoid and smooth muscle differentiation. J Korean Med Sci 1996;11:88-93.
65. Rosty C, Genestie C, Blondon J, et al. Endometrial stromal tumor associated with rhabdoid phenotype and and zones of "sex cord-like" differentiation. Ann Pathol 1998;18:133-6.
66. Tanimoto A, Sasaguri T, Arima N, et al. Endometrial stromal sarcoma of the uterus with rhabdoid features. Pathol Int 1996;46:231-7.
67. Lloreta J, Prat J. Endometrial stromal nodule with smooth and skeletal muscle components simulating stromal sarcoma. Int J Gynecol Pathol 1992;11:293-8.
68. Baker PM, Moch H, Oliva E. Unusual morphologic features of endometrial stromal tumors: a report of 2 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2005;29:1394-8.
69. Hauptmann S, Nadjari B, Kraus J, et al. Uterine tumor resembling ovarian sex-cord tumor - a case report and review of the literature. Virchows Arch 2001;439:97-101.
70. Matias-Guiu X, Prat J. Alpha-inhibin immunostaining in diagnostic pathology. Adv Anat Pathol 1998;5:263-7.
71. Kommoss F, Oliva E, Bhan AK, et al. Inhibin expression in ovarian tumors and tumor-like lesions: an immunohistochemical study. Mod Pathol 1998;11:656-64.
72. Baker RJ, Hildebrandt RH, Rouse RV, et al. Inhibin and CD99 (MIC2) expression in uterine stromal neoplasms with sex-cord-like elements. Hum Pathol 1999;30:671-9.
73. Krishnamurthy S, Jungbluth AA, Busam KJ, et al. Uterine tumors resembling ovarian sex-cord tumors have an immunophenotype consistent with true sex-cord differentiation. Am J Surg Pathol 1998;22:1078- 82.
74. De Leval L. Uterine tumors resembling ovarian sex-cord tumors: a study of 14 cases showing a diverse phenotypic profile. Am J Surg Pathol 2006;30:319-27.
75. Hillard JB, Malpica A, Ramirez FT. Conservative management of a uterine tumor resembling an ovarian sex cord-stromal tumor. Gynecol Oncol 2004;92:347-52.
76. Reich O, Regauer S, Urdl W, et al. Expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors in low-grade endometrial stromal sarcomas. Br J Cancer 2000;82:1030-4.
77. Chu MC, Mor G, Lim C, et al. Low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma: hormonal aspects. Gynecol Oncol 2003;90:170-6.
78. Reich O, Regauer S. Aromatase expression in low-grade endometrial stromal sarcomas: an immunohistochemical study. Mod Pathol 2004;17:104-8.
79. Klein WM, Kurman RJ. The lack of expression of c-kit protein (CD117) in mesenchymal tumors of the uterus and ovary, Int J Gynecol Pathol 2002;22:181-4.
80. Geller MA, Argenta P, Bradley W, et al. Treatment and recurrence patterns in endometrial stromal sarcomas and the relation to c-kit expression. Gynecol Oncol 2004;95:632-6.
81. Leath CA 3rd, Straughn JM Jr, Conner MG, et al. Immunohistochemical evaluation of the c-kit proto-oncogene in sarcomas of the uterus: a case series. J Reprod Med 2004;49:71-5.
82. Dal Cin P, Aly MS, De Wever I, et al. Endometrial stromal sarcoma t(7;17)(p15-21;q12-21) is a nonrandom chromosome change. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1992;63:43-6.
83. Koontz JI, Soreng AL, Nucci M, et al. Frequent fusion of the JAZF1 and JJAZ1 genes in endometrial stromal tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001;98:6348-53.
84. Nucci MR, Harburger D, Koonte J, et al. Molecular analysis of the JAZF1-JJAZ1 gene fusion by RT-PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization in endometrial stromal neoplasms. Am J Surg Pathol 2007;31:65-70.
85. Huang HY, Ladanyi M, Soslow RA. Molecular detection of JAZF1-JJAZ1 gene fusion in endometrial stromal neoplasms with classic and variant histology: evidence for genetic heterogeneity. Am J Surg Pathol 2004;28:224-32.
86. Oliva E, De Leval L, De Ceuninck C, et al. Interphase FISH detection of JAZF1-JJAZ1 gene fusion in endometrial stromal tumors with smooth muscle differentiation. Mod Pathol 2006. In press.