Deterring a nuclear 9/11

Washington Quarterly

Volumn 30, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 21-34

  Talmadge, Caitlin ^a  

^a MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33947394397     PISSN: 0163660X     EISSN: 15309177     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1162/wash.2007.30.2.21     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Richard K. Betts, "The Soft Underbelly of American Primacy: Tactical Advantages of Terror," Political Science Quarterly 117, no. 1 (2002): 31.
2. Graham Allison, "Deterring Kim Jong II," Washington Post, October 27, 2006, p. A23.
3. Bill Powell and Tim McGirk, "The Man Who Sold the Bomb," Time, February 14, 2005, pp. 23-31.
4. Robert L. Gallucci, "Averting Nuclear Catastrophe," Harvard International Review 26, no. 4 (Winter 2005), http://hir.harvard.edu/ articies/1303/.
5. Thomas Schelling, The Strategy of Conflict (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1960), p. 9.
6. Daryl Press, "The Credibility of Power: Assessing Threats During the 'Appeasement' Crises of the 1930s," International Security 29, no. 3 (Winter 2004-05); 136-169.
7. Schelling, Strategy of Conflict, p. 13.
8. Thomas Schelling, Arms and Influence (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1966), chaps. 2 and 3;
9. Thomas J. Christensen, "The Contemporary Security Dilemma: Deterring a Taiwan Conflict," The Washington Quarterly 25, no. 4 (Autumn 2002): 7-21.
10. Glenn H. Snyder, Deterrence and Defense: Toward a Theory of National Security (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1961).
11. "The National Security Strategy of the United States of America," September 2002, chap. 5, http://www.whitehouse.gov/nsc/ nss/2002/nss5.html.
12. Betts, "Soft Underbelly of American Primacy," p. 31.
13. Robert F. Trager and Dessislava P. Zagorcheva, "Deterring Terrorism: It Can Be Done," International Security 30, no. 3 (Winter 2005-06): 105-106, 122.
14. Michael J. Powers, "Deterring Terrorism With CBRN Weapons: Developing a Conceptual Framework," CBACI Occasional Paper, no. 2 (February 2001), pp. 5, 7, https://www.hsdl.org/homesec/docs/nonprof/ nps08-091704-01.pdf.
15. Robert L. Gallucci, "Averting Nuclear Catastrophe: Contemplating Extreme Responses to U.S. Vulnerability," Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, no. 607 (September 2006): 57-58;
16. David Ignatius, "We Need a New Deterrent," Washington Post, October 11, 2006, p. A19 (quoting Graham Allison).
17. Richard Rhodes, The Making of the Atomic Bomb (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1988).
18. Jessica Stern, The Ultimate Terrorists (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1999), pp. 64-65.
19. Paul K. Davis and Brian M. Jenkins, Deterrence and Influence in Counterterrorism: A Component in the War on al Qaeda (Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND, 2002), p. 40.
20. Tanalee Smith, "Bush Warns North Korea Against Nuclear Proliferation," Associated Press Worldstream, November 16, 2006.
21. "National Security Strategy of the United States of America," March 2006, sec. 5, http://www.whitehouse.gov/nsc/nss/2006/sectionV.html (hereinafter 2006 National Security Strategy).
22. Graham Allison, "Making Good on Bush's Vow Will Require Detective Work," New York Times, October 13, 2006, p. 12.
23. "Nuclear Forensics Support," IAEA Nuclear Security Series, no. 2 (2006): 10.
24. For the best textbook on this subject, see Kenton J. Moody, Ian D. Hutcheon, and Patrick M. Grant, Nuclear Forensic Analysis (New York: Taylor & Francis, 2005).
25. For this and all subsequent examples in the paragraph, see "Nuclear Forensics Support," p. 30.
26. Ibid.
27. Jay Davis, "The Attribution of WMD Events," Journal of Homeland Security, April 2003, http://www.homelandsecurity.org/journal/Articles/ davis.html.
28. Dwight L. Williams, "Characterizing Nuclear Weapons Explosions Based Upon Collected Radionuclide Effluents," memorandum, MIT Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, October 21, 2006.
29. Charles D. Ferguson, "Can Nuclear Forensics Trace a Detonated Nuclear Weapon to Its Source?" (working paper, American Political Science Association Conference, August 31, 2006), http://64.112.226.77/one/prol/prol01/index.php?cmd= Download+Document&key=unpublishedn̄uscript&file_index= 1&pop_up=true&-no_click_key=true&attachment_style= attachment&PHPSESSID=20a7317a3c52a7cf6f77a07e959a053c.
30. Jeffrey T. Richelson, "Defusing Nuclear Terror," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 58, no. 2 (March/April 2002), http://www.thebulletin.org/print.php?art_ofn=ma02richelson.
31. Ferguson, "Can Nuclear Forensics Trace a Detonated Nuclear Weapon to Its Source?"
32. Jeffrey T. Richelson, Spying on the Bomb: American Nuclear Intelligence From Nazi Germany to Iran and North Korea (New York: W.W. Norton, 2006), pp. 77-87.
33. Michael Levi, "Deterring Nuclear Terrorism," Issues in Science & Technology 20, no. 3 (Spring 2004), http://www.issues.org/20.3/ levi.html.
34. William Broad and Mark Mazzetti, "Small Blast May Be Only Partial Success, Experts Say," New York Times, October 10, 2006, p. A8;
35. Bryan Bender, "Pentagon Hunting for Clues on Power, Makeup of Weapon," Boston Globe, October 10, 2006, p. A1.
36. William Broad, "New Team Plans to Identify Nuclear Attackers," New York Times, February 2, 2006, p. 17.
37. 2006 National Security Strategy, sec. 5.
38. Department of Homeland Security Press Office, "U.S. Department of Homeland Security Addresses the Technical Nuclear Forensics Mission With the National Technical Nuclear Forensics Center," October 19, 2006.
39. Davis, "Attribution of WMD Events."
40. "Nuclear Forensics Support," p. 10.
41. Michael May et al., "Preparing for the Worst," Nature, October 26, 2006, pp. 907-908.
42. Ferguson, "Can Nuclear Forensics Trace a Detonated Nuclear Weapon to Its Source?"
43. P. Gilfoyle and J. A. Parmentola, "Using Nuclear Materials to Prevent Proliferation," Science and Global Security 9, no. 2 (2001): 81-92.
44. Gallucci, "Averting Nuclear Catastrophe," p. 57.
45. May, "Preparing for the Worst," p. 907.
46. "U.S. Creates Nuclear Forensics Center," Defense News, October 23, 2006, p. 1.
47. See National Defense University Center for Counterproliferation Research, "At the Crossroads: Counterproliferation and National Security Strategy," April 2004, p. 37.
48. "U.S. Department of Homeland Security Announces Completion of Topoff 4 Command Post Exercise," States News Service, June 22, 2006.