The efficacy of various modalities of psychotherapy for personality disorders: A systematic review of the evidence and clinical recommendations

International Review of Psychiatry

Volumn 19, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 25-38

  Verheul, Roel ^a,b,c   Herbrink, Marjolein ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

^b Viersprong Institute for Studies on Personality Disorders VISPD   (Netherlands)

^c VISPD   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FLUOXETINE; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT; OLANZAPINE;

AVOIDANT PERSONALITY DISORDER; BORDERLINE STATE; CLINICAL PROTOCOL; COGNITIVE THERAPY; DEPENDENT PERSONALITY DISORDER; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; GROUP THERAPY; HISTRIONIC PERSONALITY DISORDER; HOSPITAL PATIENT; HUMAN; NARCISSISM; OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER; OUTPATIENT; PARANOIA; PERSONALITY DISORDER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHODYNAMICS; PSYCHOPATHY; PSYCHOTHERAPY; REVIEW; SCHIZOIDISM; SCHIZOTYPAL PERSONALITY DISORDER; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW;

AMBULATORY CARE; COGNITIVE THERAPY; DAY CARE; HUMANS; LENGTH OF STAY; PATIENT ADMISSION; PERSONALITY DISORDERS; PSYCHOANALYTIC THERAPY; PSYCHOTHERAPY; PSYCHOTHERAPY, BRIEF; PSYCHOTHERAPY, GROUP; SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 33947331884     PISSN: 09540261     EISSN: 13691627     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09540260601095399     Document Type: Review

References (68)

1. Alden, L. (1989). Short-term structured treatment for avoidant personality disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 57, 756-764 (A2).
2. American Psychiatric Association (2001). Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with borderline personality disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 1-51.
3. Bateman, A., & Fonagy, P. (1999). Effectiveness of partial hospitalization in the treatment of borderline personality disorder: A randomised controlled trial. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 156, 1563-1569.
4. Bateman, A., & Fonagy, P. (2000). Effectiveness of psychotherapeutic treatment of personality disorder. British Journal of Psychotherapy, 177, 138-143.
5. Bateman, A., & Fonagy, P. (2001). Treatment of borderline personality disorder with psychoanalytically oriented partial hospitalization: An 18-month follow-up. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 158, 36-42.
6. Beutler, L. E. (2000). Empirically based decision making in clinical practice. Prevention & Treatment, 3, 1-16.
7. Binks, C. A., Fenton, M., McCarthy, L., Lee, T., Adams, C. E., & Duggan, C. (2006a). Psychological therapies for people with borderline personality disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, (1), CD005652.
8. Binks, C. A., Fenton, M., McCarthy, L., Lee, T., Adams, C. E., & Duggan, C. (2006b). Pharmacological interventions for people with borderline personality disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, (1), CD005653.
9. Bleyen, K., Vertommen, H., & Van Audenhove, C. (1999). Het belang van voorkeuren van cliënten in de beginfase van een residentiële behandeling. Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie, 41, 267-276.
10. Blum, N., Pfohl, B., John, D. S., Monahan, P., & Black, D. W. (2002). STEPPS: A cognitive-behavioral systems-based group treatment for outpatients with borderline personality disorder - a preliminary report. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 43, 301-310.
11. Budman, S. H., Demby, A., Soldz, S., & Merry, J. (1996). Time-limited group psychotherapy for patients with personality disorders: Outcomes and dropouts. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 46, 357-377.
12. Chiesa, M., & Fonagy, P. (2000). Cassel personality disorder study: Methodological and treatment effects. British Journal of Psychiatry, 176, 485-491.
13. Chiesa, M., Bateman, A., Wilberg, T., & Friis, S. (2002). Patients' characteristics, outcome and cost-benefit of hospital-based treatment for patients with personality disorder: A comparison of three different programs. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 75, 381-392.
14. Chiesa, M., Fonagy, P., Holmes, J., & Drahorad, C. (2004). Residential versus community treatment of personality disorders: A compartice study of three treatment programs. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 1463-1470.
15. Dolan, B., Warren, F., & Norton, K. (1997). Change in borderline symptoms one year after therapeutic community treatment for severe personality disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 171, 274-279.
16. Finn, S. E., & Kamphuis, J. H. (2005). Therapeutic assessment. In J. N. Butcher (Ed.), MMPI-2: A practitioner's guide (pp. 165-191). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
17. Finn, S. E., & Tonsager, M. E. (1997). Information-gathering and therapeutic models of assessment: Complementary paradigms. Psychological Assessment, 9, 374-385.
18. Fonagy, P., & Bateman, A. W. (2006). Progress in the treatment of borderline personality disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 188, 1-3.
19. Gabbard, G. O. (2000). Psychodynamic psychiatry in clinical practice. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
20. Gabbard, G. O. (2000b). Psychotherapy of personality disorders. Journal of Psychotherapy in Practice and Research, 9, 1-6.
21. Gabbard, G. O., Coyne, L., Allen, J. G., Spohn, H., Colson, D. B., & Vary, M. (2000). Evaluation of intensive in-patient treatment of patients with severe personality disorders. Psychiatric Services, 51, 893-898.
22. Gabbard, G. O., Lazar, S. G., Hornberger, J., & Spiegel, D. (1997). The economic impact of psychotherapy: a review. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 147-155.
23. Giesen-Bloo, J., Dyck, R. van, Spinhoven, Ph., Tilburg, W. van, Dirksen, C., Asselt, Th. van, Kremers, I., Nadort, M., & Arntz, A. (2006). Outpatient psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder: randomized trial of schema-focused therapy vs. transference-focused psychotherapy. Archives of General Psychiatry, 63, 649-658.
24. Harkness, A. R., & McNulty, J. L. (2002). Implications of personality individual differences science for clinical work on personality disorders. In P. T. Costa & T. A. Widiger (Eds.), Personality disorders and the five-factor model of personality (2nd ed., pp. 391-403). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
25. Hellerstein, D. J., Rosenthal, R. N., Pinsker, H., Samstag, L. W., Muran, J. C., & Winston, A. (1998). A randomised prospective study comparing supportive and dynamic therapies. Outcome and alliance. Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research, 7, 261-271.
26. Howard, K. I., Kopta, S. M., Krause, M. S., & Orlinsky, D. E. (1986). The dose-effect relationship in psychotherapy. American Psychologist, 41, 159-164.
27. Issakidis, C., & Andrews, G. (2003). Rationing of health care: Clinical decision making in an outpatient clinic for anxiety disorders. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 17, 59-74.
28. Karterud, S., & Urnes, Ø. (2004). Short-term day treatment programmes for patients with personality disorders. What is the optimal composition? Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 58, 243-249.
29. Karterud, S., Pedersen, G., Bjordal, E., Braband, J., Friis, S., Haaseth, Ø. et al. (2003). Day treatment of patients with personality disorders: Experiences from a Norwegian treatment research network. Journal of Personality Disorders, 17, 243-262.
30. Karterud, S., Vaglum, S., Friis, S., Irion, T., Johns, S., & Vaglum, P. (1992). Day hospital therapeutic community treatment for patients with personality disorders: An empirical evaluation of the containment function. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 180, 238-243 (C).
31. Kool, S., Dekker, J., Duijsens, J., de Jonghe, F., & Puite, B. (2003). Efficacy of combined therapy and pharmacotherapy for depressed patients with or without personality disorders. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 11, 133-141.
32. Krawitz, R. (1997). A prospective psychotherapy outcome study. Australian New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 31, 465-473.
33. Leichsenring, F., & Leibing, E. (2003). The effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy and cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of personality disorders: A meta-analysis. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 1223-1232.
34. Linehan, M. M., Heard, H. L., & Armstrong, H. E. (1993). Naturalistic follow-up of a behavioural treatment for chronically parasuicidal borderline patients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 50, 971-975.
35. Miller, W. R., & Rollnick, S. (1991). Motivational interviewing. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
36. Monsen, J. T., Odland, T., Faugli, A., Daae, E., & Eilertsen, D. E. (1995a). Personality disorders: Changes and stability after intensive psychotherapy focusing on affect consciousness. Psychotherapy Research, 5, 33-48.
37. Monsen, J. T., Odland, T., Faugli, A., Daae, E., & Eilertsen, D. E. (1995b). Personality disorders and psychosocial changes after intensive psychotherapy: A prospective follow-up study of an outpatient psychotherapy project, 5 years after end of treatment. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 36, 256-268.
38. National Institute for Mental Health in England (2003). Personality disorder: No longer a diagnosis of exclusion. London: Department of Health.
39. Ogrodniczuk, J. S., & Piper, W. E. (2001). Day treatment for personality disorders: A review of research findings. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 9, 105-117.
40. Perry, J. C., & Bond, M. (2000). Empirical studies of psychotherapy for personality disorders. In J. G. Gunderson & G. O. Gabbard (Eds.), Psychotherapy for personality disorders. Review of psychiatry (pp. 1-31). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.
41. Perry, J. C., Banon, E., & Ianni, F. (1999). Effectiveness of psychotherapy for personality disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 1312-1321.
42. Piper, W. E., Joyce, A. S., McCallum, M., & Azim, H. F. (1998). Interpretive and supportive forms of psychotherapy and patient personality variables. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, 558-567.
43. Piper, W. E., Rosie, J. S., Azim, H. F. A., & Joyce, A. S. (1993). A randomised trial of psychiatric day treatment for patients with affective and personality disorders. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 44, 757-763.
44. Piper, W. E., McCallum, M., Joyce, A. S., Azim, H. F., & Ogrodniczuk, J. S. (1999). Follow-up findings for interpretive and supportive forms of psychotherapy and patient personality variables. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 267-273.
45. Reich, J. H., & Vasile, R. G. (1993). Effect of personality disorders on the treatment outcome of Axis I conditions: An update. Journal of Nervous and mental Disease, 181, 475-484.
46. Renneberg, B., Goldstein, A. J., Phillips, D., & Chambles, D. L. (1990). Intensive behavioral group treatment of avoidant personality disorders. Behavior Therapy, 21, 363-377.
47. Sanislow, C. A, & McGlashan, T. H. (1998). Treatment outcome of personality disorders. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 43, 237-250.
48. Scheidt, C. E., Burger, T., Strukely, S., Hartmann, A., Fritzsche, K., & Wirsching, M. (2003). Treatment selection in private practice psychodynamic psychotherapy: A naturalistic prospective longitudinal study. Psychotherapy Research, 13, 293-305.
49. Shea, M. T. (1993). Psychosocial treatment of personality disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 7, 167-180.
50. Simpson, E. B., Yen, S., Costello, E., Rosen, K., Begin, A., Pistorello, J. et al. (2004). Combined dialectical behavior therapy and fluoxetine in the treatment of borderline personality disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 65, 379-385.
51. Soler, J., Pascual, J. C., Campins, J., Barrachina, J., Puigdemont, D., Alvarez, E. et al. (2005). Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of dialectical behavior therapy plus olanzapine for borderline personality disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 1221-1224.
52. Stichting Klinische Psychotherapie (SKP) (2001). Resultaatonderzoek in de klinische psychotherapie: Recente gegevens op basis van het Standaard Evaluatie Project 1997-2000. Uitgever: auteur.
53. Stravynski, A., Marks, I., & Yule, W. (1982). Social skills problems in neurotic outpatients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 39, 1378-1385.
54. Stravynski, A., Belisle, M., Marcouiller, M., Lavalée, Y. J., & Elie, R. (1994). The treatment of avoidant personality disorder by social skills training in the clinic or in real-life settings. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 39, 377-383.
55. Svartberg, M., Stiles, T. C., & Seltzer, M. H. (2004). Randomised, controlled trial of the effectiveness of short-term dynamic psychotherapy and cognitive therapy for Cluster C personality disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 810-817.
56. Teusch, L., Böhme, H., Finke, J., & Gastpar, M. (2001). Effects of client-centered psychotherapy for personality disorders alone in combination with psychopharmacological treatment. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 70, 328-336.
57. Thase, M. E. (1996). The role of Axuis II comorbidity in the management of patients with treatment-resistant depression. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 19, 287-309.
58. Vaglum, P., Friis, S., Irion, T., Johns, S., Karterud, S., Larsen, F. et al. (1990). Treatment response of severe and nonsevere personality disorders in a therapeutic community day unit. Journal of Personality Disorders, 4, 161-172.
59. Van Manen, J., Kamphuis, J. H., & Verheul, R. (submitted). Agreement between clinicians about matching personality disorder patients to psychotherapeutic treatments. Journal of Personality Disorders.
60. Van Wel, B., Kockmann, I., Blum, N., Pfohl, B., Black, D. W., & Heesterman, W. (2006). STEPPS group treatment for borderline personality disorder in The Netherlands. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 18, 63-67.
61. Verheul, R., Bosch, L. M. C., van den Koeter, M. W. J., Brink, W., & van den Stijnen, Th. (2003). Efficacy of dialectical behavior therapy: A Dutch randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry, 182, 135-140.
62. Wilberg, T., Karterud, S., Urnes, Ø., Pedersen, G., & Friis, S. (1998a). Outcomes of poorly functioning patients with personality disorders in a day treatment programme. Psychiatric Services, 49, 1462-1467.
63. Wilberg, T., Friis, S., Karterud, S., Urnes, Ø., & Vaglum, P. (1999). One-year follow-up of day treatment for poorly functioning patients with personality disorders. Psychiatric Services, 50, 1326-1330.
64. Wilberg, T., Friis, S., Karterud, S., Mehlum, L., Urnes, Ø., & Vaglum, P. (1998b). Patterns of short-term course in patients treated in a day unit for personality disorders. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 39, 75-84.
65. Wilberg, T., Karterud, S., Pedersen, G., Urnes, Ø., Irion, T., Braband, J. et al. (2003). Outpatient group psychotherapy following day treatment for patients with personality disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 17, 510-521.
66. Winston, A., Pollack, J., McCullough, L., Flegenheimer, W., Kestenbaum, R., & Trujillo, M. (1991). Brief psychotherapy of personality disorders. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 179, 188-193.
67. Winston, A., Laikin, M., Pollack, J., Samstag, L. W., McCullough, L., & Muran, J. C. (1994). Short-term psychotherapy of personality disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 190-194.
68. Woody, G. E., McLellan, A. T., Luborsky, L., & O'Brien, C. P. (1985). Sociopathy and psychotherapy outcome. Archives of General Psychiatry, 42, 1081-1086.