From local hizbollah to global terror: Militant Islam in Turkey

Middle East Policy

Volumn 14, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 124-141

  Uslu, Emrullah ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF UTAH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33947274105     PISSN: 10611924     EISSN: 14754967     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-4967.2007.00290.x     Document Type: Review

References (74)

1. "Iste Bombacilar," Vatan, November 18, 2003.
2. Erdal Kilinc, "El Kaide'nin egittigi 450 Türk aranyor," Milliyet, December 16, 2003.
3. Savas Ay, "Dehset Itiraflar," Sabah, December 1, 2003.
4. Hakan Yavuz, Islamic Political Identity in Turkey (Oxford University Press, 2003), p. 20.
5. Yavuz, p. 27.
6. Yavuz, p. 21.
7. A car accident outside the northwest Anatolian town of Susurluk claimed the lives of the driver, a prostitute, a police chief, and a senior member of the Turkish mafia. The sole survivor of the crash was a parliamentary deputy from Urfa, who was also a conservative Kurdish tribal leader. The shock at the exposure of such inappropriate traveling companions was compounded by the discovery of documents in the car that reinforced the image of government/mafia collaboration.
8. Soner Cagaptay and Emrullah Uslu, "Hizballah in Turkey Revives: Al-Qaeda's Bridge between Europe and Iraq?," Policy Paper #946, The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP), January 25, 2005.
9. Martin van Bruinessen, "Turkey's Death Squads," Middle East Report, No. 199, Turkey: Insolvent Ideologies, Fractured State (Apr. - Jun., 1996), pp. 20-23.
10. "Hizbollah cephaneligi," Ozgur Politika, January 30, 2000.
11. I Bagasi, Kendi Dilinden Hizbollah ve Mucadeleden Kesitler, Unknown Publisher, 2004, p. 84.
12. John T. Nugent, Jr., "The Defeat of Turkish Hizballah as a Model for Counter-Terrorism Strategy," Middle East Review of International Affairs, Vol. 8, No. 1, March, 2004.
13. Soner Cagaptay and Emrullah Uslu, op. cit., p.3.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid. Under the new leadership of Isa Altsoy, the organization has moved away from violence to establishing grass-roots support. KH, which has not published before, is now using the media for public outreach. In 2004, the organization printed six books (8,000 copies of each), including one explaining its history. In addition, it has issued three magazines: Gonulden Gonule Damlalar, Inzar (published in Fatih, Istanbul, with an increasing circulation of 7,000), and Mujde (published in Basel, Switzerland). Moreover, the organization has opened two bookstores (Davet Kitapevi in Elazig and Risale Kitapevi in Batman in eastern Turkey) and a nongovernmental organization, Insan Haklari ve Mustazaflarla Dayanisma Dernegi (Association for Human Rights and Solidarity with the Oppressed) in Diyarbakir, WINEP, January 25, 2005.
16. Ibid.
17. Mehmed GÖKTAS, "Yeryüzü 'Lebbeyk Ya Rasûlallah!' dedi Lakin Diyarbakir Sir Baska Dedi," Inzar Dergisi, V.18 March 2006.
18. "Diyarbakir 'Nevruz'u agirladi," Sabah, March 22, 2006, On February 15, 2006, to protest the caputre of the leader of the PKK, Abudllah Ocalan, in Kenya, the PKK wanted to organize demonstrations in Diyarbakir. Yet they failed to find large numbers of demonstrators; only a few hundred joined the PKK's call. Even on the day of Nawroz on March 21 - a special day for many Central Asian and Middle Eastern peoples to welcome the spring season which in recent years Kurds recognize as their national holiday - people did not respond to the PKK's call even though famous singers such as Ibrahim Tatlises and Civan Haco easily reach hundreds of thousands at their public concerts. The organization expected 500 thousand people on the celebration square, yet only 100 thousand participated and it was not known whether they participated to listen to the singers, to join the PKK's call, to celebrate their national holiday or whether all of these together.
19. Metýn Önal Mengüsoglu, Haksoz Dergisi, May 14, 1994.
20. Ahmet S. Erturk, '"Kaybolan'in Anlasilmasi ve Aranmasi," Haksoz Dergisi, V. 1, May 14, 1992.
21. Ibid.
22. Emrullah Uslu, "Difficulties of Combating Islamic Terror: As a Case of Turkish Hizbollah," presented at Middle East Central Asia Politic Economic, Social Conference, University of Utah, September 2003.
23. Ahmet Erturk, Ibid.
24. Ibid.
25. Umaran Dergisi, 14 May, 1992.
26. "Islam devleti kurmak isteyen 2 kisi için giyabi tevkif karari alindi," Cumhuriyet, April 13, 1967, the official web page of Hizb-ut tahrir http://www.hizb-ut-tahrir.org/turkish/ goes into detail about their history, aim, and strategy.
27. http://www.ercuemend-oezkan.com/yankilar.htm, accessed on M.
28. "Iste Hizbollah Raporu," Hurriyet, January 20 2000.
29. Asli Aydintasbas, "Murder on the Bosporus," Journal of Middle East Quarterly, Vol. 7: No. 2 June, 2000.
30. I.Bagasi, Kendi Dilinden Hizbollah ve Mucadeleden Kesitler, Unknown Publisher, 2004.
31. There are several web pages available for discussion groups for the member of the organzation including, www.inzardergisi.com. The most visited web page of Hizbollah is www.yesrip.com, which also broadcasts radio programs on the net.
32. I. Bagasi, p. 56.
33. Ibid.
34. Ibid.
35. I. Bagasi, p. 51.
36. Ibid, p. 65.
37. "Hizbollah secime hazirlaniyor," Milliyet, December 29, 2006.
38. Nevzat Cicek, "Kurt islamciliginda yeralti donemi bitti," Nokta, Vol. 1, No. 2, November 9-15, 2006.
39. "Turk: Diyarbakirli bizi yalniz birakti," Hurriyet, December 24, 2006.
40. Hizbollah Kürt illerinde seçimlere hazirlaniyor, ANF News Agency, December 26, 2006.
41. "16 Yil Once Park Edilmis," Zaman, Feburary 27, 2000.
42. Hutbe, Friday speech series given by Hizbollah, which was confiscated after the police operation at Hizbollah headquarters in Istanbul; it consists of 40 different speech notes (Turkish National Police archive, 2001.
43. Ibid.
44. Ibid.
45. I. Bagasi, p. 65.
46. Hutbe, TNP archive, 2001.
47. Ibid.
48. Faruk Hamza, "Schadet Bir Ruhtur," Inzar Dergisi, Vol. 17, February 2006.
49. The Quran does not identify which of Abraham's sons is offered for sacrifice. Turkish Muslims generally believe that Ismail, Abraham's eldest son, is the intended victim, not Isaac, as in the Judeo-Christian version.
50. Ibid.
51. Ibid.
52. Ibid.
53. www.seriatulkesi.com.tr.tc, accessed on March 25, 2005.
54. www.kuranca.net/sureler/Alak.htm, accessed on March 25, 2006.
55. I. Bagasi, p. 34.
56. I. Bagasi, p.70-71.
57. http://www.cihaderleri.com.tr.tc/, derived on October 31, 2004.
58. I.Bagasi, Kendi Dilinden Hizbollah.
59. www.cennetyolcusu.com.tr.tc, accessed on October 31, 2004 (note: contents of this site recently has been changed; it is no longer under control of Hizbollah).
60. I. Bagasi, p. 253.
61. Ibid.
62. Soner Cagaptay and Emrullah Uslu, WINEP Policy Paper, January 25, 2005.
63. http://yesrip.com/forumyesrip/index.php?topic=4344.0, accessed on March 26, 2006.
64. Faruk Mercan, "Devlet sahaya çikti, Turk savasçilari arastirdi," Aksiyon, Vol. 519, November 15, 2004.
65. Olga Levitsky, "In the Spotlight: Turkish Hizbollah," Policy Paper (Center for Defense Information, December 10, 2003).
66. "Habib Aktas Oldu Iddiasi," Radikal, September 11, 2004.
67. Mehmet Kayhan Yildiz, "El Kaide'ye alti ilde operasyon," Hurriyet, January 30 2007.
68. "7 Ilde El Kaide operasyonu: 47 gocalti," Zaman, January 30, 2007, also see Hurriyet January 30 2007.
69. Editor'den Inzar, Vol. 2, Issue 24, October 2006.
70. "Ateskes Sonrasi Lübnan ve 1701 Sayili Karar," Inzar, Vol. 2, Issue 24, October 2006.
71. Omer Saruhan, "Zafer, er ya da geç elbet müslü manlarin olacaktir," Inzar, Vol. 2, Issue 24, October 2006.
72. Mark Juergensmeyer, Terror in the Mind of God: The Global Rise of Religious Violence (University of California Press, 2001).
73. Bernard Lewis, The Emergence of Modern Turkey (Oxford University Press, 1961).
74. Carol Delaney, The Seed and the Soil (University of California Press, 1991).