Predictors of moral reasoning: Components of executive functioning and aspects of religiosity

Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion

Volumn 46, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 37-53

  Cottone, John G ^a,b   Drucker, Philip ^a   Javier, Rafaela A ^a  

^a ST JOHN'S UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b ZUCKER HILLSIDE HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33947270473     PISSN: 00218294     EISSN: 14685906     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-5906.2007.00339.x     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Aiken, L. S. and S. G. West. 1991. Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
2. Allport, G. W. 1966. The religious context of prejudice. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 5: 448-51.
3. Allport, G. W. and J. M. Ross. 1967. Personal religious orientation and prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 5: 432-43.
4. Batson, C. D. 1976. Religion as prosocial: Agent or double agent? Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 15: 29-45.
5. Batson, C. D. and L. Raynor-Prince. 1983. Religious orientation and complexity of thought about existential concerns. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 22: 38-50.
6. Batson, C. D. and P. A. Schoenrade. 1991a. Measuring religion as quest: I. Validity concerns. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 30: 416-29.
7. Batson, C. D. and P. A. Schoenrade. 1991b. Measuring religion as quest: II. Reliability concerns. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 30: 430-47.
8. Batson, C. D., P. A., Schoenrade, and W. L. Ventis. 1993. Religion and the individual: A social-psychological perspective. New York: Oxford University Press.
9. Batson, C. D. and W. L. Ventis. 1982. The religious experience: A social-psychological perspective. New York: Oxford University Press.
10. Brown, D. M. and L. Annis. 1978. Moral development level and religious behavior. Psychological Reports 43: 1230.
11. Bishop, S., J. Duncan, M. Brett, and A. D. Lawrence. 2004. Prefrontal cortical function and anxiety: Controlling attention to threat-related stimuli. Nature Neuroscience 7: 184-88.
12. Burris, C. T. 1999. Quest scale. In Measures of religiosity, edited by P. C. Hill and R. W. Hood Jr. Birmingham, AL: Religious Education Press.
13. Burris, C. T.,
14. L. M. Jackson, W. R. Tarpley, and G. J. Smith. 1996. Religion as quest: The self-directed pursuit of meaning. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 22: 1068-76.
15. Cady, M. 1982. Assessment of moral development among clergy in Bloomington. Unpublished manuscript, Augsberg College, Minneapolis, MN.
16. Clouse, B. 1979. Moral judgment of teacher education students as related to sex, politics and religion. Unpublished manuscript, Indiana State University, Terre Haute.
17. Clouse, B. 1985. Moral reasoning and Christian faith. Journal of Psychology & Theology 13: 190-98.
18. Clouse, B. 1986. Church conflict and moral stages: A Kohlbergian interpretation. Journal of Psychology & Christianity 5: 14-19.
19. Cottone, J. G. 2005. Moral reasoning, executive functions, and aspects of religiosity. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering 66 (3): 1711.
20. Denckla, M. B. 1996. A theory and model of executive function: A neuropsychological perspective. In Attention, memory, and executive function, edited by G. R. Lyon and N. A. Krasnegor. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co.
21. Donahue, M. J. 1985. Intrinsic and extrinsic religiousness: Review and meta-analysis. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology 48: 400-19.
22. Elliot, R. 2003. Executive functions and their disorders. British Medical Bulletin 65: 49-59.
23. Emler, N., S. Resnick, and B. Malone. 1983. The relationship between moral reasoning and political orientation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 45: 1073-80.
24. Ernsberger, D. J. 1977. Intrinsic-extrinsic religious identification and level of moral development. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering 37: 6302B.
25. Ernsberger, D. J. and G. J. Manaster. 1981. Moral development, intrinsic/ extrinsic religious orientation and denominational teachings. Genetic Psychology Monographs 104: 23-41.
26. Eslinger, P. J. 1996. Conceptualizing, describing, and measuring components of executive function: A summary. In Attention, memory, and executive function, edited by G. R. Lyon and N. A. Krasnegor. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co.
27. Eslinger, P. J.,
28. L. M. Grattan, H. Damasio, and A. R. Damasio. 1992. Developmental consequences of childhood frontal lobe damage. Archives of Neurology 49: 764-69.
29. Getz, I. R. 1984. Moral judgment and religion: A review of the literature. Counseling & Values 28: 94-116.
30. Glover, R. J. 1997. Relationships in moral reasoning and religion among members of conservative, moderate, and liberal religious groups. Journal of Social Psychology 137: 247-55.
31. Goldberg, E. 2001. The executive brain: Frontal lobes and the civilized mind. New York: Oxford University Press.
32. Golden, C. J. 1978. Stroop color and word test: A manual for clinical and experimental uses. Chicago, IL: Stoelting Company.
33. Goldstein, F. C. and R. C. Green. 1995. Assessment of problem solving and executive functions. In Clinical neuropsychology assessment: A cognitive approach, edited by R. L. Mapou and J. Spector. New York: Plenum Press.
34. Greene, J. D., R. B. Sommerville, L. E. Nystrom, J. M. Darley, and J. D. Cohen. 2001. An fMRI investigation of emotional engagement in moral judgment. Science 239: 2105-08.
35. Groth-Marnat, G. 1999. Handbook of psychological assessment, 3rd ed. New York: Wiley.
36. Guttmann, J. 1984. Cognitive morality and cheating behavior in religious and secular school children. Journal of Educational Research 77: 249-54.
37. Harris, A. T. 1981. A study of the relationship between stages of moral development and the religious factors of knowledge, belief and practice in Catholic high school adolescents. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering 42: 638-39B.
38. Heubner, A. M. and A. C. Garrod. 1993. Moral reasoning among Tibetan monks: A study of Buddhist adolescents and young adults in Nepal. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 24: 167-85.
39. Hilfer, A. E. 1980. Abstract reasoning and temporal stability in assessments of moral judgment in religious schools. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering 41: 1483.
40. Hogge, J. H. and S. T. Friedman. 1967. The scriptural literalism scale: A preliminary report. Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary & Applied 66: 275-79.
41. Holmbeck, G. N. 1997. Toward terminological conceptual, and statistical clarity in the study of mediators and moderators: Examples from the child-clinical and pediatric psychology literatures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 65: 599-610.
42. Jennings, F. L. 1972. A note on the reliability of several belief scales. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 11: 157-64.
43. Killeen, C. D. 1978. The relationship between cognitive levels of thinking and levels of moral judgment as compared in adolescents 12-18 in Catholic and public schools. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering 38: 6621A.
44. Kohlberg, L. 1981. Essays of moral development, Volume 1. The philosophy of moral development: Moral stages and the idea of justice. San Francisco, CA: Harper & Row.
45. Lawrence, J. A. 1979. The component procedures of moral judgment-making. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering 40: 896B.
46. Lezak, M. D. 1995. Neuropsychological Assessment, 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press.
47. MacLeod, C. M. 1991. Half a century of research on the Stroop effect: An integrative review. Psychological Bulletin 109: 163-203.
48. McClean, M. 1952. Religious world views. Motives 12: 22-26.
49. Moran, J. D. and M. S. Jennings 1983. Moral judgments in parochial and public school second-graders. Psychological Reports 52: 579-85.
50. Narvaez, D., I. Getz, J. R. Rest, and S. J. Thoma 1999. Individual moral judgment and cultural ideologies. Developmental Psychology 35: 478-88.
51. O'Gorman, T. P. 1979. An investigation of moral judgment and religious knowledge scores of Catholic high school boys from Catholic and public schools. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering 40: 1365.
52. Paloutzian, R. F. 1983. Invitation to the psychology of religion. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman.
53. Pennington, B. F. 1997. Dimensions of executive functions in normal and abnormal development. In Development of the prefrontal cortex: Evolution, neurobiology, and behavior, edited by N. A. Krasnegor, G. R. Lyon, and P. Goldman-Rakic. Baltimore, MD: Paul H.Brooks Publishing.
54. Pennington, B. F. and S. Ozonoff 1996. Executive functions and developmental psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 37: 51-87.
55. Rest, J. R. 1979. Revised manual for the defining issues test. Minneapolis, MN: Moral Research Projects.
56. Rest, J. R. and D. Narvaez 1998. Guide for DIT2. Unpublished manuscript, Minneapolis.
57. Rest, J. R., D. Narvaez, S. J. Thoma, and M. J. Bebeau. 1999. DIT2: Devising and testing a revised instrument of moral judgment. Journal of Educational Psychology 91: 644-59.
58. Salthouse, T. A. 2005. Relations between cognitive abilities and measures of executive functioning. Neuropsychology 19: 532-45
59. Sandel, M. 1982. Liberalism and the limits of justice. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
60. Sanderson, S. K. 1974. Religion, politics, and morality: An approach to religious and political belief systems and their relation through Kohlberg's cognitive-developmental theory of moral judgment. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering 34: 6259.
61. Sapp, G. L. and L. Jones. 1986. Religious orientation and moral judgment. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 25: 208-14.
62. Sharfman, B. N. 1974. Creative thinking and religious training in relation to moral judgment. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering 34: 7595a-96a.
63. Stuss, D. T. and M. P. Alexander. 2000. Executive functions and the frontal lobes: A conceptual view. Psychological Research 63: 289-98.
64. Tranel, D., S. W. Anderson, and A. Benton. 1994. Development of the concept of "executive function" and its relationship to the frontal lobes. In Handbook of neuropsychology, edited by F. Boller and J. Grafman, Vol. 8, pp. 125-48. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
65. Troyer, A. K., R. E. Graves, and K. M. Cullum. 1994. Executive functioning as a mediator of the relationship between age and episodic memory in healthy aging. Aging and Cognition 1: 45-53.
66. Wahrman, I. S. 1981. The relationship of dogmatism, religious affiliation, and moral judgment development. Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary & Applied 108: 151-54.
67. Walzer, M. 1983. Spheres of justice. New York: Basic Books.
68. Watson, P. J., R. J. Morris, and R. W. Hood, Jr. 1989. Interactional factor correlations with means and end religiousness. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 28: 337-47.
69. Wechsler, D. A. 1997a. WAIS-III administration and scoring manual. San Antonio: Psychological Corporation.
70. Wechsler, D. A. 1997b. WAIS-III/WMS-III technical manual. San Antonio: Psychological Corporation.
71. Wulf, D. M. 1997. Psychology of religion: Classic and contemporary. New York: Wiley.
72. Ziv, A. 1976. Measuring aspects of morality. Moral Education 5: 189-201.