Biomechanics of the vertebrae and associated osteoderms of the Early Permian amphibian Cacops aspidephorus

Journal of Zoology

Volumn 271, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 396-407

  Dilkes, David ^a   Brown, L E ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN OSHKOSH   (United States)

^b ILLINOIS STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Biomechanics; Locomotion; Osteoderm; Permian amphibian; Vertebra

Indexed keywords

AMPHIBIAN; BIOMECHANICS; LOCOMOTION; OSTEOLOGY; PERMIAN; SKELETON;

AMPHIBIA; TETRAPODA;

EID: 33947261068     PISSN: 09528369     EISSN: 14697998     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00221.x     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Abel, O. (1912). Grundzüge der palaeobiologie der wirbeltiere. Stuttgart: E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.
2. Abel, O. (1919). Die stämme der wirbeltiere. Berlin and Leipzig: Walter de Gruyter & Co.
3. Adams, M.A. & Hutton, W.C. (1983). The mechanical function of the lumbar apophyseal joints. Spine 8, 327-330.
4. Ahlberg, P.E. (1998). Postcranial stem tetrapod remains from the Devonian of Scat Craig, Morayshire, Scotland. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 122, 99-141.
5. Ahlberg, P.E., Clack, J.A. & Blom, H. (2005). The axial skeleton of the Devonian tetrapod Ichthyostega. Nature 437, 137-140.
6. Anderson, J.S. (2005). On the skull of Cacops aspidephorus Williston (Tetrapoda; Temnospondyli; Dissorophidae) from the Lower Permian of Texas. Part 1: lower jaw anatomy. In The Nonmarine Permian, New Mexico Museum of Natural History & Science Bulletin, Vol. 30: 15. Lucas, S.G. & Zeigler, K.E. (Eds). Albuquerque: New Mexico Museum of Natural History & Science.
7. Andrews, S.M. & Westoll, T.S. (1970). The postcranial skeleton of rhipidistian fishes excluding Eusthenopteron. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. Earth Sci. 68, 391-489.
8. Beebee, T.J.C. (1983). The natterjack toad. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
9. Berman, D.S & Lucas, S.G. (2003). Aspidosaurus binasser (Amphibia, Temnospondyli), a new species of Dissorophidae from the Lower Permian of Texas. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 72, 241-262.
10. Berman, D.S, Reisz, R.R. & Eberth, D.A. (1985). Ecolsonia cutlerensis, an Early Permian dissorophid amphibian from the Cutler Formation of north-central New Mexico. N. M. Bur. Mines Miner. Resour. Circ. 191, 1-31.
11. Berman, D.S, Reisz, R.R. & Eberth, D.A. (1987). A new genus and species of trematopid amphibian from the Late Pennsylvanian of north-central New Mexico. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 7, 252-269.
12. Bolt, J.R. (1969). Lissamphibian origins: possible protolissamphibian from the Lower Permian of Oklahoma. Science 166, 888-891.
13. Bolt, J.R. (1977). Cacops (Amphibia: Labyrinthodontia) from the Fort Sill locality, Lower Permian of Oklahoma. Fieldiana Geol. 37, 61-73.
14. Boszczyk, B.M., Boszczyk, A.A. & Putz, R. (2001a). Comparative and functional anatomy of the mammalian lumbar spine. Anat. Rec. 264, 157-168.
15. Boszczyk, B.M., Boszczyk, A.A., Putz, R., Büttner, A., Benjamin, M. & Milz, S. (2001b). An immunohistochemical study of the dorsal capsule of the lumbar and thoracic facet joints. Spine 26, E338-E343.
16. Boy, J.A. (1972). Die Branchiosaurier (Amphibia) des saarpfälzischen Rotliegenden (Perm; SW Deutschland). Abh. Hess. Landesamt Bodenforsch. 65, 5-137.
17. Boy, J.A. (1995). Über die Micromelerpetontidae (Amphibia: Temnospondyli). 1. Morphologie und Paläoökologie des Micromelerpeton credneri (Unter-Perm; SW-Deutschland). Palaeontol. Z. 69, 429-457.
18. Carrier, D.R. (1993). Action of the hypaxial muscles during walking and swimming in the salamander Dicamptodon ensatus. J. Exp. Biol. 180, 75-83.
19. Carroll, R.L. (1964). Early evolution of the dissorophid amphibians. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 131, 161-250.
20. Case, E.C. (1915). The Permo-Carboniferous Red Beds of North America and their vertebrate fauna. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. No. 207, 1-176.
21. Cei, J.M. (1980). Amphibians of Argentina. Monitore Zoologico Italiano (N.S.), Monografia 2, i-xii, 1-609.
22. Clack, J.A. (1987). Pholiderpeton scutigerum Huxley, an amphibian from the Yorkshire coal measures. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 318, 1-107.
23. Coates, M.I. (1996). The Devonian tetrapod Acanthostega gunnari Jarvik: postcranial anatomy, basal tetrapod interrelationships and patterns of skeletal evolution. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. Earth Sci. 87, 363-419.
24. Cochran, D.M. (1955). Frogs of southeastern Brazil. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 206, i-xvi, 1-423.
25. Coldiron, R.W. (1974). Possible functions of ornament in labyrinthodont amphibians. Occ. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kans. 33, 1-19.
26. Cope, E.D. (1895). A batrachian armadillo. Am. Nat. 29, 998.
27. Daly, E. (1994). The Amphibamidae (Amphibia: Temnospondyli), with a description of a new genus from the Upper Pennsylvanian of Kansas. Univ. Kans. Nat. Hist. Mus. Misc. Publ. 85, 1-59.
28. DeMar, R.E. (1966). The phylogenetic and functional implications of the armor of the Dissorophidae. Fieldiana Geol. 16, 55-88.
29. DeMar, R. (1967). Two new species of Broiliellus (amphibians) from the Permian of Texas. Fieldiana Geol. 16, 117-129.
30. DeMar, R. (1968). The Permian labyrinthodont amphibian Dissorophus multicinctus, and the adaptations and phylogeny of the family Dissorophidae. J. Paleontol. 42, 1210-1242.
31. Dilkes, D.W. (1990). A new trematopsid amphibian (Temnospondyli: Dissorophoidea) from the Lower Permian of Texas. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 10, 222-243.
32. Dilkes, D.W. (1993). Biology and evolution of the nasal region in trematopid amphibians. Palaeontology 36, 839-853.
33. Duellman, W.E. & Trueb, L. (1986). Biology of amphibians. New York: McGraw-Hill.
34. Frey, E. (1988a). Anatomie des Körperstammes von Alligator mississippiensis Daudin. Stuttg. Beitr. Natkd. Ser. A (Biol.) 424, 1-106.
35. Frey, E. (1988b). Das Tragsystem der Krokodile-eine biomechanische und phylogenetische Analyse. Stuttg. Beitr. Natkd. Ser. A (Biol.) 426, 1-60.
36. Godfrey, S.J. (1989). The postcranial skeletal anatomy of the Carboniferous tetrapod Greererpeton burkemorani Romer, 1969. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 323, 75-133.
37. Grande, L. & Bemis, W.E. (1998). A comprehensive phylogenetic study of amiid fishes (Amiidae) based upon comparative skeletal anatomy. An empirical search for interconnected patterns of natural history. Soc. Vert. Paleontol. Memoir 4, i-x + 1-690.
38. Hellmich, W. (1956). Die Lurche und Kriechtierre Europas. Heidelberg: Carl Winter, Universitatsverlag.
39. Holmes, R. (1984). The Carboniferous amphibian Proterogyrinus scheelei Romer, and the early evolution of tetrapods. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 306, 431-527.
40. Holmes, R. (1989a). The skull and axial skeleton of the Lower Permian anthracosauroid amphibian Archeria crassidisca Cope. Palaeontogr. Abt. A Palaeozool.-Stratigr. 207, 161-206.
41. Holmes, R. (1989b). Functional interpretations of the vertebral structure in Paleozoic labyrinthodont amphibians. Hist. Biol. 2, 111-124.
42. Holmes, R. (2000). Palaeozoic temnospondyls. In Amphibian biology: 1081-1120. Heatwole, H. & Carroll, R.L. (Eds). Chipping North: Surrey Beatty & Sons.
43. Holmes, R.B., Carroll, R.L. & Reisz, R.R. (1998). The first articulated skeleton of Dendrerpeton acadianum (Temnospondyli, Dendrerpetontidae) from the Lower Pennsylvanian locality of Joggins, Nova Scotia, and a review of its relationships. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 18, 64-79.
44. Jarvik, E. (1996). The Devonian tetrapod Ichthyostega. Fossils Strata 40, 1-213.
45. Lutz, B. (1954). Anfíbios anuros do Distrito Federal. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 52, 155-238.
46. Lynch, J.D. (1971). Evolutionary relationships, osteology, and zoogeography of leptodactyloid frogs. Univ. Kans. Nat. Hist. Mus. Misc. Publ. 53, 1-238.
47. Milner, A.R. (1985). On the identity of Trematopsis seltini (Amphibia: Temnospondyli) from the Lower Permian of Texas. Neues Jahrb Geol. Paleontol. Monh. 6, 357-367.
48. Milner, A.R. (1993). The Paleozoic relatives of lissamphibians. Herpetol. Monogr. 7, 8-27.
49. Moulton, J. (1974). A description of the vertebral column of Eryops based upon the notes and drawings of A. S. Romer. Breviora 428, 1-44.
50. Olson, E.C. (1956). Fauna of the Vale and Choza. 11. Lysorophus: Vale and Choza. Diplocaulus, Cacops and Eryopidae: Choza. Fieldiana Geol. 10, 313-322.
51. Panjabi, M.M., Crisco, J.J., Vasavada, A.,Oda, T., Cholewicki, J., Nibu, K. & Shin, E. (2001). Mechanical properties of the human cervical spine as shown by three-dimensional load-displacement curves. Spine 26, 2692-2700.
52. Parrington, F.R. (1967). The vertebrae of early tetrapods. In Problèmes Actuels de Paléontologie (Évolution des Vertébrés): 269-279. Lehman, J.-P. (Ed.). Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.
53. Romer, A.S. (1947). Review of the Labyrinthodontia. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 99, 1-368.
54. Romer, A.S. & Parsons, T.S. (1986). The vertebrate body. 6th edn. Philadelphia: Saunders College Publishing.
55. Ruibal, R. & Shoemaker, V. (1984). Osteoderms in anurans. J. Herpetol. 18, 313-328.
56. Ruta, M., Coates, M.I. & Quicke, D.L.J. (2003). Early tetrapod relationships revisited. Biol. Rev. (Camb.) 78, 251-345.
57. Ruta, M., Jeffery, J.E. & Coates, M.I. (2003). A supertree of early tetrapods. Proc. Roy. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 270, 2507-2516.
58. Salisbury, S.W. & Frey, E. (2001). A biomechanical transformation model for the evolution of semi-spheroidal articulations between adjoining vertebral bodies in crocodilians. In Crocodilian biology and evolution: 85-134. Grigg, G.C., Seebacher, F. & Franklin, C.E. (Eds). Chipping North: Surrey Beatty & Sons.
59. Schoch, R.R. & Rubidge, B.S. (2005). The amphibamid Micropholis from the Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone of South Africa. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 25, 502-522.
60. Smith, M. (1964). The British amphibians & reptiles. 3rd edn. London: Collins.
61. Sullivan, C., Reisz, R.R. & May, W. (2000). Large dissorophoid skeletal elements from the Lower Permian Richards Spur fissures, Oklahoma, and their paleoecological implications. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 20, 456-461.
62. Trueb, L. & Cloutier, R. (1991). A phylogenetic investigation of the inter- and intrarelationships of the Lissamphibia (Amphibia: Temnospondyli). In Origins of the higher groups of tetrapods: controversy and consensus: 223-313. Schultze, H.-P. & Trueb, L. (Eds). Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
63. Vaughn, P.P. (1971). A Platyhystrix-like amphibian with fused vertebrae, from the Upper Pennsylvanian of Ohio. J. Paleontol. 45, 464-469.
64. Williston, S.W. (1910). Cacops, Desmospondylus; new genera of Permian vertebrates. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 21, 249-284.
65. Williston, S.W. (1916). Synopsis of the American Permo-Carboniferous Tetrapoda. Contrib. Walker Mus. 1, 193-236.
66. de Witte, G.F. (1948). Faune de belgique, amphibiens et reptiles, Deuxième édition. Bruxelles: Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique.