Modeling of alkaline scale formation in falling film horizontal-tube multiple-effect distillers

Desalination

Volumn 205, Issue 1-3, 2007, Pages 124-139

  Eid Al Rawajfeh, Aiman ^a  

^a TAFILA TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY   (Jordan)

Author keywords

Alkaline scale formation; CaCO3 deposition; CCPP; CO2 desorption; Fouling resistance; ME distillers; Modeling; Oddo Tomson saturation index; Scale thickness

Indexed keywords

CALCIUM COMPOUNDS; CARBON DIOXIDE; CORROSION RESISTANCE; DEPOSITION RATES; DESORPTION; DISTILLATION EQUIPMENT; EVAPORATION; FOULING; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; PRECIPITATES;

ALKALINE SCALE FORMATION; CONCENTRATION FACTOR; FOULING RESISTANCE; MULTIPLE-EFFECT DISTILLERS; SATURATION INDEX;

SCALE (DEPOSITS);

CALCIUM COMPOUNDS; CARBON DIOXIDE; CORROSION RESISTANCE; DEPOSITION RATES; DESORPTION; DISTILLATION EQUIPMENT; EVAPORATION; FOULING; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; PRECIPITATES; SCALE (DEPOSITS);

BRINE; DEPOSITION; DESORPTION; DISTILLATION; FILM; FOULING; MASS TRANSFER; NUMERICAL MODEL; SALINITY; SATURATION; TEMPERATURE;

EID: 33947242340     PISSN: 00119164     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2006.04.044     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. O'Callaghan M.G. Fouling of heat transfer equipment: summary and review. In: Palen J.W. (Ed). Heat Exchanger Sourcebook (1986), Hemisphere Publishing, Washington DC
2. Hasson D., and Perl I. Scale deposition in a laminar falling-film system. Desalination 37 (1981) 279-292
3. Chan S.H., and Ghassemi K.F. Analytical modeling of calcium carbonate deposition for laminar falling film and turbulent flow in annuli: Part I - Formulation and single-species model. ASME J. Heat Transfer 113 (1991) 735-740
4. Chan S.H., and Ghassemi K.F. Analytical modeling of calcium carbonate deposition for laminar falling film and turbulent flow in annuli: Part II - Multispecies model. ASME J. Heat Transfer 113 (1991) 741-746
5. 3 scale in the flow into irrigation system - the simulation of the effect of the pressure based on Lagrange fluid analysis. The 1st IWA Conference on Scaling and Corrosion in Water and Wastewater Systems, Cranfield University, UK, 25-27 March 2003.
6. Sheikholeslami R., and Watkinson A.P. Scaling of plain and externally finned heat exchanger tubes. ASME J. Heat Transfer 108 (1986) 147-152
7. 2 in MSF distillers. Proc. IDA World Congress on Desalination and Water Reuse, San Diego, USA 1 (1999) 375-388
8. H. Glade, Transport und Reaktion von Kohlendioxid in Entspannungsverdampfern zur Meerwasserentsalzung, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Bremen, 2001, VDI Fortschritt-Berichte, Series 3, No. 699 VDI Verlag, Düsseldorf, 2001.
9. Glade H., and Genthner K. Measurements of the CO2 release rates in the individual stages of MSF distillers. Proc. IDA World Congress on Desalination and Water Reuse, San Diego, USA 1 (1999) 361-373
10. Glade H., and Genthner K. The carbonate system in MSF distillers. Proc. IDA World Congress on Desalination and Water Reuse, Bahrain (2002)
11. Glade H., and Ulrich J. Influence of solution composition on the formation of crystalline scales. Chem. Eng. Technol. 26 (2003) 277-281
12. 2 release in multiple-effect distillers for seawater desalination, Ph.D. Thesis, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Shaker Verlag, Aachen, 2004.
13. 2 release in multiple-effect distillers Controlled by mass transfer with chemical reaction. Desalination 156 (2003) 109-123
14. 2 release in multiple-effect distillers. Desalination 166 (2004) 41-52
15. 2 release. Desalination 182 (2005) 209-219
16. Millero F.J. Thermodynamics of the carbon dioxide system in the ocean. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 59 (1995) 661-677
17. S.D. Cramer, The solubility of methane, carbon dioxide, and oxygen in brines from 0° to 300°C, US Bureau of mines reports of investigations, Vol. 8706, 1982.
18. 2O. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 46 (1982), 1011-1040
19. Mucci A. The solubility of calcite and aragonite in seawater at various salinities, temperatures, and one atmosphere total pressure. Amer. J. Sci. 283 (1983) 780-799
20. Astarita G. Mass Transfer with Chemical Reaction (1967), Elsevier, Amsterdam
21. Huang C.-J., and Kuo C.-H. Mathematical models for mass transfer accompanied by reversible chemical reaction. AIChE J. 11 (1965) 901-910
22. Astarita G., Savage D.W., and Bisio A. Gas Treating with Chemical Solvents (1983), J. Wiley, New York
23. Zeebe R.E., Wolf-Gladrow D.A., and Jansen H. On the time required to establish chemical and isotopic equilibrium in the carbon dioxide system in seawater. Marine Chem. 65 (1999) 135-153
24. Bird R.B., Stewart W.E., and Lightfoot E.N. Transport Phenomena (1960), Wiley, New York
25. Ratcliff G.A., and Holdcroft J.G. Diffusivities of gases in aqueous electrolyte solutions. Trans. Inst. Chem. Eng. 41 (1963) 315-319
26. Oddo J.E., and Tomson M.B. Why scale forms and how to predict it. SPE Production and Facilities (1994, Feb.) 47-54
27. Rossum J.R., and Merrill D.T. An evaluation of the calcium carbonate saturation indexes. J. AWWA 75 (1983) 95-100
28. Millero F.J. Chemical Oceanography. 2nd ed. (1996), CRC press, Boca Raton
29. Langelier W.F. The analytical control of anticorrosion water treatment. J. AWWA 28 (1936) 1500-1521
30. Ryznar J.W. A new index for determining amount of calcium carbonate scale formed by a water. J. AWWA 36 (1944) 472
31. Loewenthal R.E., Ekama G.A., and Marais G.vR. STASOFT: A user-friendly interactive computer program for softening and stabilisation of municipal waters. Water SA 14 (1988) 159-162
32. Loewenthal R.E., Morrison I., and Wentzel M.C. Control of corrosion and aggression in drinking water systems. The 1st IWA Conference on Scaling and Corrosion in Water and Wastewater Systems (2003, 25-27 March), Cranfield University, UK
33. American Water Works Association AWWA, The Rothberg, Tamburini and Winsor Model for Corrosion Control and Process Chemistry. Denver, Colorado, USA, 1996.
34. Caldwell D.H., and Lawrence W.B. Water softening and conditioning problems: Solution by chemical equilibrium method. Ind. Eng. Chem. 45 (1953) 535-548
35. R.E. Loewenthal and G.vR. Marais, Carbonate Chemistry of Aquatic Systems. Vol. 2: High Salinity Waters, Butterworths, Boston, 1984.
36. T.F. Seacord and A.K. Zander, Determining the scale inhibitor threshold limit for calcium carbonate - LSI versus CCPP, IDA World Congress on Desalination and Water Reuse, Bahamas, 2003.