The myth of medical pluralism: A critical realist perspective

Sociological Research Online

Volumn 6, Issue 4, 2001, Pages

  Han, Gil Soo ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

Alternative Medicine; Biomedicine; Complementary Therapy; Critical Realism; Medical Pluralism; Modes of Production; New Age Medicine; Political Economy; Social Formation; Traditional Medicine

Indexed keywords

EID: 33947192514     PISSN: 13607804     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (92)

1. ADAMS, V. (1988) 'Modes of production and medicine: an examination of the theory in light of sherpa medical traditionalism', Social Science & Medicine, Vol. 27, No. 5, pp. 505-513.
2. ALUBO, S. O. (1990) 'Doctoring as business: a study of entrepreneurial medicine in Nigeria', Medical Anthropology, Vol. 12, pp. 305-324.
3. ANDERSON, R., LEWIS, S. Z., GIACHELLO, A. L., ADAY, L. and CHIU, G. (1981) 'Access to medical care among the Hispanic population of the Southern United States', Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 22, pp. 78-79.
4. AUMEERUDDY, A., LAUTIER, B. and TORTAJADA, R. G. (1978) 'Labour power and the state', Capital and Class, Vol. 6, pp. 42-65.
5. AZEVEDO, J. (1998) Mapping Reality: An Evolutionary Realist Methodology for Natural and Social Sciences. New York: State University of New York Press.
6. BAER, H. A. (1992) 'The potential rejuvenation of American naturopathy as a consequence of the holistic movement', Medical Anthropology, Vol. 13, pp. 369-383.
7. BAER, H. A., HAYS, J., MCCLENDON, N. MCGOLDRICK, N., and VESPUCCI, R. (1998) 'The holistic health movement in the San Francisco bay area: some preliminary observations', Social Science & Medicine, Vol. 47, No. 10, pp. 1495-1501.
8. BEN-DAVID, J. (1968) Fundamental Research and the Universities. Paris: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.
9. BENTON, T. (1977) Philosophical Foundations of the Three Sociologies. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
10. BERLINER, H. S. (1982) 'Medical modes of production,' in P. Wright, and A. Treacher (editors), The Problem of Medical Knowledge. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pp. 162-173.
11. BERLINER, H. S. and SALMON, J. W. (1979) 'The holistic health movement and scientific medicine: the naked and the dead', Socialist Review, Vol. 9, No.1, pp. 31-52.
12. BERLINER, H. S. and SALMON, J. W. (1980) 'The holistic alternative to scientific medicine: history and analysis', International Journal of Health Services, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 133-147.
13. BHASKAR, R. (1978) A Realist Theory of Science (Second Edition). Brighton: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
14. BHASKAR, R. (1983) 'Beef, structure and place: notes from a critical naturalist perspective', Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 81-95.
15. BHASKAR, R. (1989) Reclaiming Reality: A Critical Introduction to Contemporary Philosophy. London: Verso.
16. BHOPAL, R. S. (1986) 'The inter-relationship of folk, traditional and western medicine within an Asian community in Britain', Social Science & Medicine, Vol. 22, pp. 99-105.
17. BLANE, D., BARTLEY, M. and DAVEY SMITH, G. (1997) 'Diease aetiology and materialist explanations of socio-economic mortality differentials', European Journal of Public Health, Vol. 7, pp. 385-391.
18. BRAINARD, J. and ZAHARLICK, A. (1989) 'Changing health beliefs and behaviors of resettled Laotian refugees: ethnic variation in adaptation', Social Science & Medicine, Vol. 29, No. 7, pp. 845-852.
19. BRASS, P. (1972) 'The politics of ayurvedic education: a case study of revivalism and modernization in India,' in S. H. Rudolph and L. I. Rudolph (editors), Education and Politics in India. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, pp. 342-371.
20. BRITISH MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. (1993) Complementary Medicine: New Approaches to Good Practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press/BMA.
21. CANT, S. and SHARMA, U. (1999) A New Medical Pluralism? Alternative Medicine, Doctors, Patients and the State. London: University College of London Press.
22. CHO, H. J. (2000) 'Traditional medicine, professional monopoly and structural interests: a Korean case', Social Science & Medicine, Vol. 50, No. 1, pp.123-135.
23. CHOWKA, P. (1995) 'Naturopathic medicine and the new political realities', Paper presented at the Tenth Annual Convention of the American Association of Naturopathic Physicians (AANP), Snowmass Village, Colorado, 13 October. 〈http://www.healthy.net/library/articles/naturopathic/art.natru2.pc. htm〉
24. CLEMENT, W. and MYLES, J. (1997) Relations of Ruling: Class and Gender in Postindustrial Societies. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press.
25. COCKERHAM, W. C. (1986) Medical Sociology (3rd edition). Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
26. COLLIER, A. (1994) Critical Realism: An Introduction to Roy Bhaskar's Philosophy. London: Verso.
27. COMAROFF, J. (1981) 'Healing and cultural transformation: the Tswana of Southern Africa', Social Science & Medicine, Vol. 15B, pp. 367-378.
28. COMAROFF, J. (1982) 'Medicine: symbol and ideology,' in P. Wright and A. Treacher (editors), The Problem of Medical Knowledge. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pp. 49-68.
29. COWARD, R. (1989) The Whole Truth: The Myth of Alternative Health. London: Faber and Faber.
30. CRAWFORD, R. (1977) 'You are dangerous to your health: the ideology and politics of victim blaming', International Journal of Health Services, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 663-680.
31. DAVEY SMITH, G., BARTLEY, M. and BLANE, D. (1990) 'The Black Report on socioeconomic inequaities ten years on', British Medical Journal, No. 301, pp. 373-377.
32. DAYKIN, N. (1996) 'Women, health, and healing', Women's Studies International Forum, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 339-341.
33. DURKIN-LONGLEY, M. (1984) 'Multiple therapeutic use in urban Nepal', Social Science & Medicine, Vol. 19, No. 8, pp. 867-872.
34. ELLICOTT, J. (1994) 'Naturopathy "unworthy" of degree status', Campus Review. (September 15-21), pp. 2.
35. ELLING, R. H. (1981) 'The capitalist world system and international health', International Journal of Health Services, Vol. 11, pp. 21-51.
36. FABREGA, H. Jr., and MANNING, P. K. (1979) 'Illness episodes, illness severity and treatment options in a pluralistic setting', Social Science & Medicine, Vol. 13B, pp. 41-51.
37. FOSTER, P. (1995) Women and the Health Care Industry: An Unhealthy Relationship. Buckingham: Open University Press.
38. FOX, R. C. (1976) 'The sociology of modern medical research,' pp. 102-114 in C. Leslie (editor), Asian Medical Systems: A Comparative Study. Berkeley: University of California Press.
39. FRANKENBERG, R. (1980) 'Medical anthropology and development: a theoretical perspective', Social Science & Medicine, Vol. 14B, pp. 197-207.
40. FRANKENBERG, R. (1981) 'Allopathic medicine, profession, and capitalist ideology in India', Social Science & Medicine, Vol. 15B, pp. 115-125.
41. FRANKENBERG, R. and LEESON, J. (1976) 'Disease, illness and sickness: social aspects of the choice of healer in a Lusaka suburb', in J. B. Loudon (editor). Social Anthropology and Medicine. London: Academic Press, pp. 223-258.
42. GIDDENS, A. (1984) The Constitution of Society: Outline of the Theory of Structuration. Cambridge: Polity.
43. GOLDSTEIN, M. S. (1992) The Health Movement: Promoting Fitness in America. New York: Twayne Publishers.
44. GOLDSTEIN, M. S. (1999) Alternative Health Care: Medicine, Miracle or Mirage? Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
45. GRAY, R. E. (1998) 'Four perspectives on unconventional therapies', Health, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 55-74.
46. HAN, G.-S. (1997) 'The rise of Western medicine and revival of traditional medicine in Korea: a brief history', Korean Studies, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 96-121.
47. HAN, G.-S. (2000) Health and Medicine under Capitalism: Korean Immigrants in Australia. London & Madison, N.J.: Associated University Presses & Fairleigh Dickinson University Press.
48. HAN, G.-S. (2001) 'The provision of hanbang herbal medicine in the Korean community in Australia: entrepreneurial or caring for fellow Koreans?' Australian Health Review, Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 146-155.
49. HEGGENHOUGEN, H. K. (1979) 'Why does traditional medicine persist?' Bulletin of the Public Health Society, Vol. 13, pp. 60-64.
50. HUISMAN, M. (1989) Chiropractic Practice in Britain. Unpublished MSc thesis. Anglo European College of Chiropractic.
51. JANZEN, J. M. (1978) 'The comparative study of medical systems as changing social systems', Social Science & Medicine, Vol. 12, pp. 121-129.
52. JOHANNESSEN, H. (1996) 'Individualised knowledge: reflexologists, biopaths and kinesiologists in Denmark', in S. Cant and U. Sharma (editors). Complementary and Alternative Medicines: Knowledge in Practice. London: Free Association Books, pp. 114-132.
53. KEAT, R. and URRY, J. (1975) Social Theory as Science. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
54. LAURELL, A. C. (1979) 'Work and health in Mexico', International Journal of Health Services, Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 543-563.
55. LESLIE, Charles (1973) 'The professionalizing ideology of medical revivalism,' in M. Singer (editor), Entrepreneurship and Modernization of Occupational Cultures in South Asia. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, pp. 216-242.
56. LESLIE, C. (1976a) 'The ambiguities of medical revivalism in India,' in C. Leslie (editor), Asian Medical Systems: A Comparative Study. Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 356-367.
57. LESLIE, C. (1976b) 'Introduction,' in C. Leslie (editor), Asian Medical Systems: A Comparative Study. Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 1-12.
58. LESLIE, C. (1980) 'Medical pluralism in world perspectives', Social Science & Medicine, Vol. 14B, pp. 191-195.
59. LOVELL, T. (1980) Pictures of Reality: Aesthetics, Politics, Pleasure. London: British Film Institute.
60. MARTYR, P. (1995) 'From quackery to qualification: massage and electrotherapy in Australia, 1870 - 1914', Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/article/therapy.html
61. MILLER, J. K. (1988) Health Beliefs and Health Utilization Patterns among Korean Immigrants in Southern California. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Southern California.
62. MILLER, J. K. (1990) 'Use of traditional Korean health care by Korean immigrants to the United States', Sociology and Social Research, Vol. 75, pp. 38-48.
63. MYNTTI, C. (1988) 'Hegemony and healing in rural North Yemen', Social Science & Medicine, Vol. 27, No.5, pp. 515-520.
64. NAVARRO, V. (1982a) 'The labor process and health: an historical materialist interpretation', International Journal of Health Services, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 5-29.
65. NAVARRO, V. (1982b) 'The limits of the world systems theory in defining capitalist and social formations', Science and Society, Spring, pp. 77-90.
66. NAVARRO, V. (1983) 'Radicalism, Marxism, and medicine', International Journal of Health Services, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 179-202.
67. PORTER, S. (1993) 'Critical realist ethnography: the case of racism and professionalism in a medical setting', Sociology, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 591-609.
68. PORTER, S. (1996) 'Real bodies, real needs: a critique of the application of Foucault's philosophy of nursing', Social Science in Health, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 218-227.
69. RAHAMAN, M. M., AZIZ, K. M. S., MUNSHI, M. H., PATWARI, Y. and RAHMAN, M. (1982) 'A diarrhoea clinic in rural Bangladesh: influence of distance, age and sex on attendance and diarrhoeal mortality', American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 72, No. 10, pp. 1124-1128.
70. REEDER, L. G. (1972) 'The patient-client as a consumer: some observations on the changing professional client relationship', Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 13, pp. 406-412.
71. SACKS, M. (1994) 'The alternatives to medicine', in J. Gabe, D. Kelleher, and G. Williams (editors). Challenging Medicine. London: Routledge, pp. 84-103.
72. SAYER, A. (1981) 'Abstraction: a realist interpretation', Radical Philosophy, Vol. 28, (Summer), pp. 6-15.
73. SAYER, A. (1992) Method in Social Science: A Realist Approach. London: Routledge.
74. SCAMBLER, G. (2001) 'Critical realism, sociology and health inequalities: social class as a generative mechanism and its media of enactment', Journal of Critical Realism, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 35-42.
75. SHARMA, U. (1990) 'Using alternative therapies: marginal medicine and central concerns', in P. Abbott and G. Payne (editors) New Directions in the Sociology of Health. London: Falmer Press, 127-139.
76. SHARMA, U. (1992) Complementary Medicine Today: Practitioners and Patients. London: Routledge.
77. SHARP, R. and O'LEARY, J. (1991) 'Making sense of New Age therapies: towards a preliminary conceptualization', A Draft Paper for The Australian Sociological Association Conference in Perth, December 1991.
78. SHAW, M., DORLING, D., DAVEY SMITH, G. (1999) The Widening Gap: Health Inequalities and Policy in Britain. Bristol: The Policy Press.
79. SOIFFER, S. M. and HOWE, G. N. (1982) 'Patrons, clients and the articulation of modes of production: an examination of the penetration of capitalism into peripheral agriculture in Northern Brazil', Journal of Peasant Studies, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 321-341.
80. TURNER, Bryan S. (1987) Medical Power and Social Knowledge. London: Sage.
81. TURNER, Victor W. (1977) 'Ndembu divination and its symbolism', in D. Landy (editor). Culture, Disease, and Healing. New York: MacMillan, pp. 175-183.
82. UNSCHULD, P. U. (1975) 'Medico-cultural conflicts in Asian settings: an explanatory theory', Social Science & Medicine, Vol. 9, pp. 303-312.
83. UNSCHULD, P. U. (1976) 'The social organization and ecology of medical practice in Taiwan,' in C. Leslie (editor). Asian Medical Systems: A Comparative Study. Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 300-316.
84. UNSCHULD, P. U. (1987) 'Traditional Chinese medicine: some historical and epistemological reflections', Social Science & Medicine, Vol. 24, pp. 1023-1029.
85. WATSON, I. G. (1986) Class Analysis and Environmental Politics: Timber Workers and Conservationists in Northern New South Wales 1960-1986, PhD Thesis, Australian National University.
86. WEISBERG, D. H. (1982) 'Northern Thai health care alternatives', Social Science & Medicine, Vol. 16, pp. 1507-1517.
87. WILKINSON, S. and KITZINGER, C. (editors). (1994) Women and Health: Feminist Perspectives. London: Taylor and Francis.
88. WOLFE, R. J. (1965) 'Modern medicine and traditional culture: confrontation on the Malay Peninsula', Human Organization, Vol. 24, pp. 339-345.
89. WORSLEY, P. (1999) Knowledges: Culture, Counterculture, Subculture. New York: New Press.
90. YOUNG, A. (1981) 'The creation of medical knowledge: some problems in interpretation', Social Science & Medicine, Vol. 15B, pp. 379-386.
91. YOUNG, A. (1982) The anthropologies of illness and sickness', Annual Review of Anthropology, Vol. 11, pp. 257-285.
92. YOUNG, T. K. (1986) 'Socialist development and primary health care: the case of Tanzania', Human Organization, Vol. 45, pp. 128-134.