State laws on school vending: The need for a public health approach

Food and Drug Law Journal

Volumn 62, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 139-150

  Simon, Michele ^a   Fried, Ellen J ^b  

^a Center for Informed Food Choices   (United States)

^b NEW YORK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BEVERAGE; COURT; DECISION MAKING; FAST FOOD; HEALTH CARE POLICY; LAW; NUTRITION; NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT; NUTRITIONAL VALUE; REVIEW; SCHOOL; STANDARD; UNITED STATES;

ADOLESCENT; ADOLESCENT BEHAVIOR; ADOLESCENT NUTRITION PHYSIOLOGY; CHILD; CHILD NUTRITION PHYSIOLOGY; CHOICE BEHAVIOR; FOOD DISPENSERS, AUTOMATIC; FOOD PREFERENCES; FOOD SERVICES; HEALTH PROMOTION; HUMANS; NUTRITIVE VALUE; ORGANIZATIONAL POLICY; SCHOOL HEALTH SERVICES; STATE GOVERNMENT; UNITED STATES;

EID: 33947148255     PISSN: 1064590X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (133)

1. NCSL, Childhood Obesity-2005 Update and Overview of Policy Options. Available at http:// www.ncsl.org/programs/health/ChildhoodObesity-2005. htm. (Accessed Mar. 3, 2006).
2. Nanci Hellmich, Health movement has school cafeterias in a foodfight; concern about child obesity brings slimmed-downfare, but will the kids go for it? USA TODAY. (Aug. 22, 2005), p A 1.
3. See also, Linda Jacobson, California Says "No" to School Junk-Food Sales, EDUCATION WEEK (Sept. 28, 2005), vol 25, Issue 5, p 20.
4. Letter from Shirley R. Watkins, Under-Sec'y. for Food, Nutrition, and Consumer Serv., USDA to the Honorable Tom Harkin, chairman, Comm. on Agric., Nutrition, and Forestry, U.S. Senate (Jan. 12, 2001), available at ttp://www.fns.usda.gov/cnd/Lunch/CompetitiveFoods/report_congress.htm (entitled Foods Sold in Competition with USDA School Meal Programs: A Report to Congress).
5. Requirements for School Food Authority Participation, 7 C.F.R. §210.10 (2005).
6. FMNV are defined at 7 C.F.R. 210.11(b) (2005). Congress has introduced The Child Nutrition Promotion and School Lunch Protection Act of 2006, aimed at updating nutrition standards for competitive foods. Child Nutrition Promotion and School Lunch Protection Act of 2006, 109th CONG., S. 2592: Child Nutrition Promotion and School Lunch Protection Act of 2006, 109th CONG., H.R. 5167.
7. National Soft Drink Association v. Block, 721 F.2d 1348 (D.C. Cir. (1983)).
8. See E. Fried & M. Simon, The Competitive Food Conundrum: Can Government Regulations Improve School Food? DUKE LAW JOURNAL, (forthcoming).
9. Id. at 6.
10. Letter from Shirley R. Watkins, Under-Sec'y for Food, Nutrition, and Consumer Serv., USDA to the Honorable Tom Harkin, chairman, Comm. on Agric., Nutrition, and Forestry, U.S. Senate (Jan. 12, 2001), available at http://www.fns.usda.gov/cnd/Lunch/CompetitiveFoods/report_congress.htm (entitled Foods Sold in Competition with USDA School Meal Programs: A Report to Congress).
11. Data is on file with author, summarized from the following sources State Actions to Promote Nutrition, Increase Physical Activity and Prevent Obesity: A Legislative Overview, Health Policy Tracking Service, (July 11, 2005), available at http://www.rwjf.org/files/research/July%202005%20- %20Report.pdf; the National Conference of State Legislatures website (www.ncsl.org) and individual state websites.
12. Id.
13. Id.
14. "F as in Fat: How Obesity Policies are Failing in America, 2006" Trust for America's Health, available at http://healthyamericans. org/reports/obesity2006/.
15. Id.
16. School Food Report Card, Center for Science in the Public Interest (CPSI), June 2006, available at: http://www.cspinet.org/new/200606201. html.
17. S.B. 5436, 58th Leg., Reg. Sess. (Wash. (2003)).
18. Public Law Chapter 435, Sec. 1. 20-A MRSA c. 223, sub-c. 9 (law that implemented four of the Maine Commission's key recommendations).
19. Pupil Nutrition, Health and Achievement Act of 2001, Chapter 913, Statutes of 2001.
20. S.2504, Child Nutrition and WIC Reauthorization Act of 2004, Section 204.
21. S.B. 12, 2005-2006 Leg., Reg. Sess. (Cal. (2005)).
22. S.B. 146, Reg. Sess. (LA (2005)).
23. S.B. 2743 (TN (2004)).
24. Texas Public School Nutrition Policy; available at http://www.agr.state.tx.us/foodnutrition/policy/food_nutrition_policy.pdf. (Accessed Apr. 10, 2006).
25. H.B. 2544, 47th Leg., 1st Reg. Sess. (AZ (2005)).
26. S.B. 172, 2005 Reg. Sess. (KY (2005)).
27. H.B. 61 School Meal Nutrition Rules, Reg. Sess. (NM (2005)).
28. H. 3346 Children's Health Obesity Act, 116th Sess. (SC (2005-2006)).
29. H.R. 0083, Soft Drink Substitution, 94th General Assembly (IL (2005)).
30. S.B. 42, 79th Reg. Sess. (TX (2005)).
31. S.B. 05-081, Concerning the adoption of school district board of education policies related to improving children's nutrition, Reg. Sess. (CO (2005)).
32. Sen. Concurrent Res. No. 12, 72nd Sess. (NV (2003)).
33. H.J.R. 11, Resolution encouraging schools to adopt nutrition and physical activity policies, 2005 Gen Sess, (UT (2005)).
34. H.B. 2544, 47th Leg., 1st Reg. Sess. (AZ (2005)).
35. S.B. 172, 2005 Reg. Sess. (KY (2005)).
36. S.B. 2743 (TN (2004)).
37. S.B. 05-081, Concerning the adoption of school district board of education policies related to improving children's nutrition, Reg. Sess. (CO (2005)).
38. S.B. 860, 73rd Legis Reg. Sess. (OR (2005)).
39. S. 0565A, Jan. Sess. 2005 (RI (2005)).
40. Letter from Shirley R. Watkins, Under-Sec'y for Food, Nutrition, and Consumer Serv., USDA to the Honorable Tom Harkin, chairman, Comm. on Agric., Nutrition, and Forestry, U.S. Senate (Jan. 12, 2001), available at ttp://www.fns.usda.gov/cnd/Lunch/CompetitiveFoods/report_congress.htm (entitled Foods Sold in Competition with USDA School Meal Programs: A Report to Congress).
41. Public Law Chapter 435, Sec. 1. 20-A MRSA c. 223, sub-c. 9 (law that implemented four of the Maine Commission's key recommendations).
42. Ch. 51, Dept. of Ed. (ME (2006)); (accessed Apr. 10, 2006) http://www.maine.gov/education/ sfs/leg.htm.
43. See Michele Simon. APPETITE FOR PROFIT (Nation Books, (2006)) Describes how in several state legislatures such as California and Arizona, debate has raged regarding whether high school kids are old enough to make "choices" when it comes to school vending. In reality, such debates are political cover for soda and food companies' desire to maintain their presence in schools.
44. S.A. French et al., Food environment in secondary schools: A la carte, vending machines, food policies, and practices, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, Vol. 93, No. 7, 1161-1168 (July 2003).
45. S.B. 2743 (TN (2004)).
46. S.B. 172, 2005 Reg. Sess. (KY (2005)).
47. Sec. 70-5-147 at http://www2.lsb.state.ok.us/os/os_70-5-147.rtf.
48. Texas Public School Nutrition Policy; available at http://www.agr.state.tx.us/foodnutrition/policy/food_nutrition_policy.pdf. (Accessed Apr. 10, 2006).
49. HB 2816, Reg. Sess, (WV (2005)).
50. S.B. 677, 2003-2004 Leg., Reg. Sess. (CA (2003)) (applying to elementary and middle schools). California later passed S.B. 965, 2005-2006 Leg., Reg. Sess. (CA (2005)). (applying to high schools). Note that standards are the same for middle and high schools, but contain certain exemptions that are not allowed for elementary schools.
51. Texas Public School Nutrition Policy; available at http://www.agr.state.tx.us/foodnutrition/policy/food_nutrition_policy.pdf. (Accessed Apr. 10, 2006).
52. S.B. 146, Reg. Sess. (LA (2005)).
53. Texas Public School Nutrition Policy; available at http://www.agr.state.tx.us/foodnutrition/policy/food_nutrition_policy.pdf. (Accessed Apr. 10, 2006).
54. Ch. 51, Dept. of Ed. (ME (2006)), (accessed Apr. 10, 2006) http://www.maine.gov/education/ sfs/leg.htm.
55. S.B. 146, Reg. Sess. (LA (2005)).
56. S.B. 172, 2005 Reg. Sess. (KY (2005)).
57. HB 2816, Reg. Sess, (WV (2005)).
58. S.B. 146, Reg. Sess. (LA (2005)).
59. S.B. 172, 2005 Reg. Sess. (KY (2005)).
60. HB 2816, Reg. Sess, (WV (2005)).
61. S.B. 172, 2005 Reg. Sess. (KY (2005)).
62. S.B. 146, Reg. Sess. (LA (2005)).
63. S.B. 12, 2005-2006 Leg., Reg. Sess. (CA (2005)).
64. Ch. 51, Dept. of Ed. (ME (2006)), (accessed Apr. 10, 2006) http://www.maine.gov/education/ sfs/leg.htm.
65. Sec. 70-5-147 at http://www2.lsb.state.ok.us/os/os_70-5-147.rtf.
66. S.B. 172, 2005 Reg. Sess. (KY (2005)).
67. Texas Public School Nutrition Policy, available at http://www.agr.state.tx.us/foodnutrition/policy/food_nutrition_policy.pdf. (Accessed Apr. 10, 2006).
68. S.B. 146, Reg. Sess. (LA (2005)).
69. S.B. 12, 2005-2006 Leg., Reg. Sess. (CA (2005)).
70. H.B. 2544, 47th Leg., 1st Reg. Sess. (AZ (2005)).
71. S.B. 172, 2005 Reg. Sess. (KY (2005)).
72. H.B. 61 School Meal Nutrition Rules, Reg. Sess. (NM (2005)).
73. HB 2816, Reg. Sess, (WV (2005)).
74. S.B. 2743 (TN (2004)).
75. Texas Public School Nutrition Policy; available at http://www.agr.state.tx.us/foodnutrition/policy/food_nutrition_policy.pdf (accessed Apr. 10, 2006).
76. H.B. 2544, 47th Leg., 1st Reg. Sess. (AZ (2005)).
77. S.B. 172, 2005 Reg. Sess. (KY (2005)
78. HB 2816, Reg. Sess, (WV (2005)).
79. HB 2816, Reg. Sess, (WV (2005)).
80. S.B. 677, 2003-2004 Leg., Reg. Sess. (CA (2003)) (applying to elementary and middle schools). California later passed S.B. 965, 2005-2006 Leg., Reg. Sess. (CA (2005)) (applying to high schools). Note that standards are the same for middle and high schools, but contain certain exemptions that are not allowed for elementary schools.
81. S.B. 172, 2005 Reg. Sess. (KY (2005)).
82. Texas Public School Nutrition Policy; available at http://www.agr.state.tx.us/foodnutrition/policy/food_nutrition_policy.pdf, (accessed Apr. 10, 2006).
83. S.B. 172, 2005 Reg. Sess. (KY (2005)).
84. S.B. 12, 2005-2006 Leg., Reg. Sess. (CA (2005)).
85. S.B. 146, Reg. Sess. (LA (2005)).
86. Texas Public School Nutrition Policy; available at http://www.agr.state.tx.us/foodnutrition/policy/food_nutrition_policy.pdf, (accessed Apr. 10, 2006).
87. S.B. 12, 2005-2006 Leg., Reg. Sess. (CA (2005)).
88. S.B. 172, 2005 Reg. Sess. (KY (2005)).
89. Id. at 79.
90. S.B. 146, Reg. Sess. (LA (2005)).
91. HB 2816, Reg. Sess, (WV (2005)).
92. Id. at 79.
93. S.B. 146, Reg. Sess. (LA (2005)).
94. S.B. 146, Reg. Sess. (LA (2005)).
95. Texas Public School Nutrition Policy; available at http://www.agr.state.tx.us/foodnutrition/policy/food_nutrition_policy.pdf, (accessed Apr. 10, 2006).
96. Id. at 87
97. Id. at 94
98. S.B. 146, Reg. Sess. (LA (2005)).
99. Id. at 87
100. Sec. 70-5-147 at http://www2.lsb.state.ok.us/os/os_70-5-147.rtf.
101. S.B. 677, 2003-2004 Leg., Reg. Sess. (CA (2003)) (applying to elementary and middle schools). California later passed S.B. 965, 2005-2006 Leg., Reg. Sess. (CA (2005)) (applying to high schools). Note that standards are the same for middle and high schools, but contain certain exemptions that are not allowed for elementary schools.
102. S.B. 2743 (TN (2004)).
103. S.B. 146, Reg. Sess, (LA (2005)).
104. HB 2816, Reg. Sess, (WV (2005)).
105. S.B. 172, 2005 Reg. Sess. (KY (2005)).
106. Sec. 70-5-147 at http://www2.lsb.state.ok.us/os/os_70-5-147.rtf.
107. Id at 104.
108. S.B. 2743 (TN (2004)).
109. HB 2816, Reg. Sess, (WV (2005)).
110. S.B. 42, 79th Reg. Sess. (TX (2005)).
111. SB 473, Student health promotion act of 2005, Reg. Sess. (MD (2005)).
112. S.B. 172, 2005 Reg. Sess. (KY (2005)).
113. S.B. 12, 2005-2006 Leg., Reg. Sess. (Cal (2005)).
114. S.B. 677, 2003-2004 Leg., Reg. Sess. (CA (2003)) (applying to elementary and middle schools).
115. California later passed S.B. 965, 2005-2006 Leg., Reg. Sess. (CA (2005)) (applying to high schools). Note that standards are the same for middle and high schools, but contain certain exemptions that are not allowed for elementary schools.
116. Sec. 70-5-147 at http://www2.lsb.state.ok.us/os/os_70-5-147.rtf.
117. Public Law Chapter 435, Sec. 1. 20-A MRSA c. 223, sub-c. 9 (law that implemented four of the Maine Commission's key recommendations).
118. S.B. 146, Reg. Sess. (LA (2005)).
119. H.B. 2544, 47th Leg., 1st Reg. Sess. (AZ (2005)).
120. S.B. 172, 2005 Reg. Sess. (KY (2005)).
121. H. 3346 Children's Health Obesity Act, 116th Sess. (SC (2005-2006)).
122. S.B. 05-081, Concerning the adoption of school district board of education policies related to improving children's nutrition, Reg. Sess. (CO (2005)).
123. Public Law Chapter 435, Sec. 1. 20-A MRSA c. 223, sub-c. 9 (law that implemented four of the Maine Commission's key recommendations).
124. Public Law Chapter 435, Sec. 1. 20-A MRSA c. 223, sub-c. 9 (law that implemented four of the Maine Commission's key recommendations).
125. S.B. 172, 2005 Reg. Sess. (KY (2005)).
126. See Michele Simon, APPETITE FOR PROFIT. In Connecticut, $250,000 was spent by the soft drink industry to lobby against school legislation in that state.
127. Editorial, Junk Food Jitterbug: Vicki Walker Dances Away From Tougher Rules, THE REGISTER-GUARD, (Eugene, OR (May 16, 2005)), at A10.
128. GAO, School Meal Programs: Competitive Foods are Widely Available and Generate Substantial Revenues for Schools, GAO-05-563 (Wash., D.C. (Aug. 8, 2005)).
129. GAO, School Meal Programs: Competitive Foods are Available in Many Schools; Actions Taken to Restrict Them Differ by State and Locality, GAO-04-673 (Wash., D.C. (Apr. 23, 2004)).
130. Id. at 13.
131. Martha Y. Kubik, Leslie A. Lytle & Mary Story, Schoolwide Food Practices Are Associated With Body Mass Index in Middle School Students, ARCH PEDIATR ADOLESC MED. (2005), 159:1111-1114.
132. Child Nutrition Promotion and School Lunch Protection Act of 2006, 109th CONG., S. 2592:
133. Child Nutrition Promotion and School Lunch Protection Act of 2006, 109th CONG., H.R. 5167.