Sparking formulae for very high-voltage Paschen characteristics of gases

IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine

Volumn 22, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 25-33

  Heylen, A E D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Breakdown (sparking) voltage; Carbon dioxide; Gas mixtures; Hydrogen; Nitrogen; Oxygen; Paschen curves; Primary secondary attachment coefficients; Sulphur hexafluoride

Indexed keywords

CARBON DIOXIDE; CURVE FITTING; ELECTRIC BREAKDOWN; ELECTRIC POTENTIAL; HYDROGEN; NITROGEN; OXYGEN; SULFUR HEXAFLUORIDE;

BREAKDOWN (SPARKING) VOLTAGE; PASCHEN CURVES; PRIMARY/SECONDARY/ ATTACHMENT COEFFICIENTS;

GAS MIXTURES;

EID: 33947148121     PISSN: 08837554     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/MEI.2006.1639027     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. 6), G. Wind (Air), and H. Winkelnkemper (SF6), "Breakdown of gases in uniform fields", in Proc. Int. Conf. Large High Voltage Electric Systems, CIGRE, SC 15, pp. M2, 1977.
2. F. Paschen, "Uber die zum funkenubergang in luft, wasserstoff und kohlensaure bei verschiedenen drucken erforderliche Potentialdifferenz," Weid. Annal. der Physick, vol. 37, pp. 69-75, 1889.
3. T. J. Gallagher, Simple Dielectric Liquids, Oxford, UK: Univ. Press, 1975.
4. J. J. O'Dwyer, The Theory of Electrical Conduction and Breakdown in Solid Dielectrics, Oxford, UK: Clarendon, pp. 218-230, 1973.
5. K. Natterer, "Durchgang der electricitat durch gase und dampfe," Ann. Phys. Chem., vol. 38, pp. 663-672, 1889.
6. A. E. D. Heylen, "Influence of baffle plates on the uniform electric field strength of air," in Proc. Int. Conf. Phenomena Ionised Gases (CIPIG), p. 162, 1971.
7. J. D. Cobine, Gaseous Conductors. New York: Mc.Graw-Hill, 1941.
8. J. S. Townsend, Electricity in Gases, Oxford, UK: Univ. Press, 1914.
9. T. J. Lewis, "Electron energy distributions in uniform electric fields and the Townsend ionisation coefficient," Proc. Roy. Soc. vol. A, Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 244, pp. 166-85, 1958.
10. D. J. Rose, "Townsend ionization coefficient for hydrogen and deuterium," Phys. Rev., vol. 104, pp. 273-77, 1956.
11. A. E. Guile, R. V. Latham, and A. E. D. Heylen, "Similarities between electron emission and consequent breakdown processes in high-pressure gas and in vacuum," Proc. IEE, vol. 133, pp. 280-284, 1986.
12. K. Masch, "Uber elektronenionisiening von stickstoff, sauerstoff und bei geringen und hohen drucken," Arch. Elektrotechnik, vol. 26, pp. 587-596, 1932.
13. S.C. Haydon and O. M. Williams, "Combined spatial and temporal studies in ionisation growth in nitrogen," J. Phys.: Appl. Phys., vol. 9, pp. 523-536, 1976.
14. R. Geballe and M. A. Harrison, "Simultaneous measurement of ionisation and attachment coefficients", Phys. Rev., Vol. 91, pp. 1-7, 1953.
15. G. R. Govinda Raju, "Calculation of ionisation and attachment coefficients from pre-breakdown current measurements," Br. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 16, pp. 279-280, 1965.
16. M. Narayana Swamy and J. A. Harrison, "Effect of attachment and multiple ionisation on In(α/p) against p/E curves," Br. J. Appl. Phys.: Phys. D, vol. 2, pp. 1437-1446, 1969.
17. M. S. Bhalla and J. D. Craggs, "Measurement of ionisation and attachment coefficients in carbon dioxide in uniform fields," Proc. Phys. Soc., vol. 76, pp. 369-377, 1960.
18. T.H.Teich and B.Sangi, "Discharge parameters for some electronegative gases and emission of radiation from electron avalanches," in Proc. Int. Symp., High Volt. Techn., pp. 391-395, 1972.
19. M. Leijon and T. Andersson, "High and dry," IEE Rev., July 2000.
20. M. S. Bhalla and J. D. Craggs, "Measurement of ionisation and attachment coefficients in sulphur hexafluaride in uniform fields", Proc. Phys. Soc., vol. 80, pp. 151-160, 1962.
21. A. E. D. Heylen, "Electrical ionisation and breakdown of mono- and cyclo-olefin vapours," Int. J. Electron., vol. 51, pp. 793-802, 1981.
22. 8," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 21, pp. 592-594, 1950.
23. R. Geballe and M. A. Harrison, "Negative ion formation in oxygen," Phys. Rev., vol. 85, pp. 372-373, 1952.
24. R. Geballe and M. L. Reeves, "Condition on uniform field breakdown in electron-attaching gases," Phys. Rev., vol. 92, pp. 867-868, 1953.
25. P.M.Penning, "De elementaire processen bij de doorslag van gassen tusschen vlakke evenwijdige platen," Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Natuurkunde, vol. 5, pp. 38-56, 1938.
26. A. E. D. Heylen, "A comparison between sparking formulae for a uniform electric field in air," J. Phys. D:Appl. Phys., vol. 6, pp. L25-6, 1973.
27. H. A. Boyd, F. M. Bruce, and D. J. Tedford, "Sparking expression for air," Nature, vol. 210, pp. 719-720, 1966.
28. A. E. D. Heylen, "The influence of space charge on the spatial development of an electron avalanche," Proc. VII Int. Conf. Phenom. Ion. Gases (CIPIG), Beograd, pp. 563-565, 1966.
29. A. von Engel, Ionised Gases. Oxford, UK: Clarendon, 1955.
30. A. N. Prasad, "Measurement of ionisation and attachment coefficients in dry air in uniform fields and the mechanism of breakdown," Proc. Phys. Soc., vol. 74, pp. 33-41, 1959.
31. A. N. Prasad and J. D. Craggs, "Measurement of ionisation and attachment coefficients in humud air in uniform fields and the mechanism of breakdown," Proc. Phys. Soc., vol. 76, pp. 223-232, 1960.
32. B. S. 358:1960. "Method of measurement of voltage with spheregaps," British Standards Institute, London.
33. J. M. Meek and J. D. Craggs, Electrical Breakdown of Gases, Oxford, UK: Clarendon, 1953.
34. M. Narayana Swamy and J. A. Harrison, "Pre-breakdown currents in gas mixtures," Br. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 17, pp. 123-27, 1966.
35. th Int. Conf. Phenom. Ion. Gases (CIPIG), vol. 2, pp. 607-608, 1981.
36. P. J. Chantry and R. E. Wootton, "A critique of methods for calculating the dielectric strength of gas mixtures," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 52, pp. 2731-2739, 1981.
37. A. N. Kontaratos, "On the functional dependence of Townsend's primary ionisation coefficient," Appl. Sci. Res., vol. 12, pp. 27-32, 1964.
38. E. Husain and R. S. Nema, "Analysis of Paschen curves for air, nitrogen and sulphur hexafluoride using Townsend breakdown equation," IEEE Trans. Electr. Insul. vol. 17, pp. 350-353, 1982.
39. A. von Engel, "Growth of electron swarms in excited gases," J. Phys.D: Appl. Phys., vol. 23, pp. 1261-1264, 1990.
40. L. G. Christophorou and L. A. Pinnaduwage, "Basic gaseous dielectrics," IEEE Trans. Dielect. Insul., vol. 25, pp. 55-74, 1990.