Real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging: methods and applications

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Volumn 25, Issue 6, 2007, Pages 989-1003

  Weiskopf, Nikolaus ^a,b   Sitaram, Ranganatha ^b   Josephs, Oliver ^a   Veit, Ralf ^b,c   Scharnowski, Frank ^d   Goebel, Rainer ^e   Birbaumer, Niels ^b   Deichmann, Ralf ^a   Mathiak, Klaus ^f  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TÜBINGEN   (Germany)

^c MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL CYBERNETICS   (Germany)

^d EPFL   (Switzerland)

^e MAASTRICHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^f UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL RWTH AACHEN   (Germany)

Author keywords

Brain computer interface; Functional localizer; Neurofeedback; Quality assurance; Real time functional magnetic resonance imaging; Review; Teaching

Indexed keywords

BLOOD OXYGENATION; BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE; COGNITION; DATA ANALYSIS; FEEDBACK SYSTEM; FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; HUMAN; INFORMATION PROCESSING; NERVE CELL PLASTICITY; NEUROIMAGING; ONLINE ANALYSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY; QUALITY CONTROL; REVIEW; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; SIGNAL NOISE RATIO; TEACHING; TECHNIQUE;

BRAIN; BRAIN MAPPING; COGNITION; DATA INTERPRETATION, STATISTICAL; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; HUMANS; IMAGE PROCESSING, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; QUALITY CONTROL; RESEARCH DESIGN; SOFTWARE; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 33947140202     PISSN: 0730725X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2007.02.007     Document Type: Review

References (96)

1. Logothetis N.K. MR imaging in the non-human primate: studies of function and of dynamic connectivity. Curr Opin Neurobiol 13 5 (2003) 630-642
2. Cox R.W., Jesmanowicz A., and Hyde J.S. Real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Med 33 2 (1995) 230-236
3. Posse S., Wiese S., Gembris D., Mathiak K., Kessler C., Grosse-Ruyken M.L., et al. Enhancement of BOLD-contrast sensitivity by single-shot multi-echo functional MR imaging. Magn Reson Med 42 1 (1999) 87-97
4. Posse S., Fitzgerald D., Gao K., Habel U., Rosenberg D., Moore G.J., et al. Real-time fMRI of temporolimbic regions detects amygdala activation during single-trial self-induced sadness. Neuroimage 18 3 (2003) 760-768
5. Posse S., Binkofski F., Schneider F., Gembris D., Frings W., Habel U., et al. A new approach to measure single-event related brain activity using real-time fMRI: feasibility of sensory, motor, and higher cognitive tasks. Hum Brain Mapp 12 1 (2001) 25-41
6. Weiskopf N., Klose U., Birbaumer N., and Mathiak K. Single-shot compensation of image distortions and BOLD contrast optimization using multi-echo EPI for real-time fMRI. Neuroimage 24 4 (2005) 1068-1079
7. Thesen S., Heid O., Mueller E., and Schad L.R. Prospective acquisition correction for head motion with image-based tracking for real-time fMRI. Magn Reson Med 44 3 (2000) 457-465
8. Yoo S.S., Guttmann C.R., Zhao L., and Panych L.P. Real-time adaptive functional MRI. Neuroimage 10 5 (1999) 596-606
9. Goddard N.H., Hood G., Cohen J.D., Eddy W.F., Genovese C.R., Noll D.C., et al. Online analysis of functional MRI datasets on parallel platforms. Journal of Supercomputing 11 (1997) 295-318
10. Cox R.W., and Jesmanowicz A. Real-time 3D image registration for functional MRI. Magn Reson Med 42 6 (1999) 1014-1018
11. Esposito F., Seifritz E., Formisano E., Morrone R., Scarabino T., Tedeschi G., et al. Real-time independent component analysis of fMRI time-series. Neuroimage 20 4 (2003) 2209-2224
12. Gembris D., Taylor J.G., Schor S., Frings W., Suter D., and Posse S. Functional magnetic resonance imaging in real time (FIRE): sliding-window correlation analysis and reference-vector optimization. Magn Reson Med 43 2 (2000) 259-268
13. Mathiak K., and Posse S. Evaluation of motion and realignment for functional magnetic resonance imaging in real time. Magn Reson Med 45 1 (2001) 167-171
14. Smyser C., Grabowski T.J., Frank R.J., Haller J.W., and Bolinger L. Real-time multiple linear regression for fMRI supported by time-aware acquisition and processing. Magn Reson Med 45 2 (2001) 289-298
15. Voyvodic J.T. Real-time fMRI paradigm control, physiology, and behavior combined with near real-time statistical analysis. Neuroimage 10 2 (1999) 91-106
16. Goebel R. Cortex-based real-time fMRI. [Abstract]. Neuroimage (2001) S129
17. Hagberg G.E., Indovina I., Sanes J.N., and Posse S. Real-time quantification of T(2)(*) changes using multiecho planar imaging and numerical methods. Magn Reson Med 48 5 (2002) 877-882
18. Posse S., Shen Z., Kiselev V., and Kemna L.J. Single-shot T(2)* mapping with 3D compensation of local susceptibility gradients in multiple regions. Neuroimage 18 2 (2003) 390-400
19. Zaitsev M., Hennig J., and Speck O. Point spread function mapping with parallel imaging techniques and high acceleration factors: fast, robust, and flexible method for echo-planar imaging distortion correction. Magn Reson Med 52 5 (2004) 1156-1166
20. Zaitsev M., Dold C., Sakas G., Hennig J., and Speck O. Magnetic resonance imaging of freely moving objects: prospective real-time motion correction using an external optical motion tracking system. Neuroimage 31 3 (2006) 1038-1050
21. Weiskopf N., Scharnowski F., Veit R., Goebel R., Birbaumer N., and Mathiak K. Self-regulation of local brain activity using real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). J Physiol Paris 98 4-6 (2004) 357-373
22. Gao K., and Posse S. TurboFIRE: real-time fMRI with automated spatial and Talairach Daemon database. [Abstract]. Abstract at the 9th Annual Meeting of the OHBM, New York, USA (2003)
23. Weiskopf N., Mathiak K., Bock S.W., Scharnowski F., Veit R., Grodd W., et al. Principles of a brain-computer interface (BCI) based on real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 51 6 (2004) 966-970
24. Bagarinao E., Matsuo K., Nakai T., and Sato S. Estimation of general linear model coefficients for real-time application. Neuroimage 19 2 Pt 1 (2003) 422-429
25. Birn R.M., Diamond J.B., Smith M.A., and Bandettini P.A. Separating respiratory-variation-related fluctuations from neuronal-activity-related fluctuations in fMRI. Neuroimage 31 4 (2006) 1536-1548
26. Glover G.H., Li T.Q., and Ress D. Image-based method for retrospective correction of physiological motion effects in fMRI: RETROICOR. Magn Reson Med 44 1 (2000) 162-167
27. Cohen M.S. Real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging. Methods 25 2 (2001) 201-220
28. Bagarinao E., Matsuo K., Tanaka Y., Sarmenta L.F., and Nakai T. Enabling on-demand real-time functional MRI analysis using GRID technology. Methods Inf Med 44 5 (2005) 665-673
29. Josephs O., Deichmann R., and Turner R. Trajectory measurement and generalised reconstruction in rectilinear EPI. [Abstract]. Proceedings of ISMRM 8, Denver, CO, USA (2000) 1517
30. Josephs O., Weiskopf N., and Deichmann R. Correction of EPI Nyquist ghosting caused by the non-uniform frequency response of the MRI receiver chain. [Abstract]. Proceedings of ISMRM 14, Seattle, WA, USA (2006)
31. Schneider W., Casey B.J., and Noll D.C. Functional MRI mapping of stimulus rate effects across visual processing stages. Hum Brain Mapp 1 (1994) 117-133
32. Goodyear B.G., Gati J.S., and Menon R.S. The functional scout image: immediate mapping of cortical function at 4 Tesla using receiver phase cycling. Magn Reson Med 38 2 (1997) 183-186
33. Grill-Spector K., Sayres R., and Ress D. High-resolution imaging reveals highly selective nonface clusters in the fusiform face area. Nat Neurosci 9 9 (2006) 1177-1185
34. Friston K.J., Rotshtein P., Geng J.J., Sterzer P., and Henson R.N. A critique of functional localisers. Neuroimage 30 4 (2006) 1077-1087
35. Moller M., Freund M., Greiner C., Schwindt W., Gaus C., and Heindel W. Real time fMRI: a tool for the routine presurgical localisation of the motor cortex. Eur Radiol 15 2 (2005) 292-295
36. Gasser T., Ganslandt O., Sandalcioglu E., Stolke D., Fahlbusch R., and Nimsky C. Intraoperative functional MRI: implementation and preliminary experience. Neuroimage 26 3 (2005) 685-693
37. Schwindack C., Siminotto E., Meyer M., McNamara A., Marshall I., Wardlaw J.M., et al. Real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (rt-fMRI) in patients with brain tumours: preliminary findings using motor and language paradigms. Br J Neurosurg 19 1 (2005) 25-32
38. Fernandez G., de Greiff A., von Oertzen J., Reuber M., Lun S., Klaver P., et al. Language mapping in less than 15 minutes: real-time functional MRI during routine clinical investigation. Neuroimage 14 3 (2001) 585-594
39. Gering D.T., and Weber D.M. Intraoperative, real-time, functional MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 8 (1998) 254-257
40. Jansen A., Menke R., Sommer J., Forster A.F., Bruchmann S., Hempleman J., et al. The assessment of hemispheric lateralization in functional MRI - robustness and reproducibility. Neuroimage 33 1 (2006) 204-217
41. Wilke M., and Schmithorst V.J. A combined bootstrap/histogram analysis approach for computing a lateralization index from neuroimaging data. Neuroimage 33 2 (2006) 522-530
42. Mathiak K., and Weiskopf N. Watch your own neurons working: hands-on real-time fMRI. [Abstract] (2003), Abstract viewer/itinerary planner, Society for Neuroscience, Washington (DC) online. Program no. 24.6
43. Frackowiak R.S.J., Friston K.J., Frith C., Dolan R., Price C.J., Zeki S., et al. Human brain function. 2nd ed. (2003), Academic Press, San Diego
44. Kotchoubey B., Strehl U., Uhlmann C., Holzapfel S., Konig M., Froscher W., et al. Modification of slow cortical potentials in patients with refractory epilepsy: a controlled outcome study. Epilepsia 42 3 (2001) 406-416
45. Egner T., and Gruzelier J.H. Ecological validity of neurofeedback: modulation of slow wave EEG enhances musical performance. Neuroreport 14 9 (2003) 1221-1224
46. Birbaumer N., Ghanayim N., Hinterberger T., Iversen I., Kotchoubey B., Kubler A., et al. A spelling device for the paralysed. Nature 398 6725 (1999) 297-298
47. Nicolelis M.A. Brain-machine interfaces to restore motor function and probe neural circuits. Nat Rev Neurosci 4 5 (2003) 417-422
48. Hochberg L.R., Serruya M.D., Friehs G.M., Mukand J.A., Saleh M., Caplan A.H., et al. Neuronal ensemble control of prosthetic devices by a human with tetraplegia. Nature 442 7099 (2006) 164-171
49. Lal T.N., Schroeder M., Hill N.J., Preissl H., Hinterberger T., Mellinger J., et al. A brain computer interface with online feedback based on magnetoencephalography. Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Machine Learning, Bonn, Germany (2005)
50. Gulrajani R.M. Bioelectricity and biomagnetism (1998), John Wiley and Sons, New York
51. Weiskopf N., Veit R., Erb M., Mathiak K., Grodd W., Goebel R., et al. Physiological self-regulation of regional brain activity using real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI): methodology and exemplary data. Neuroimage 19 3 (2003) 577-586
52. Yoo S.S., and Jolesz F.A. Functional MRI for neurofeedback: feasibility study on a hand motor task. Neuroreport 13 11 (2002) 1377-1381
53. deCharms R.C., Maeda F., Glover G.H., Ludlow D., Pauly J.M., Soneji D., et al. Control over brain activation and pain learned by using real-time functional MRI. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102 51 (2005) 18626-18631
54. deCharms R.C., Christoff K., Glover G.H., Pauly J.M., Whitfield S., and Gabrieli J.D. Learned regulation of spatially localized brain activation using real-time fMRI. Neuroimage 21 1 (2004) 436-443
55. Yoo S.S., Fairneny T., Chen N.K., Choo S.E., Panych L.P., Park H., et al. Brain-computer interface using fMRI: spatial navigation by thoughts. Neuroreport 15 10 (2004) 1591-1595
56. Rockstroh B., Elbert T., Birbaumer N., and Lutzenberger W. Biofeedback-produced hemispheric asymmetry of slow cortical potentials and its behavioural effects. Int J Psychophysiol 9 2 (1990) 151-165
57. Pulvermuller F., Mohr B., Schleichert H., and Veit R. Operant conditioning of left-hemispheric slow cortical potentials and its effect on word processing. Biol Psychol 53 2-3 (2000) 177-215
58. Allen J.J., Harmon-Jones E., and Cavender J.H. Manipulation of frontal EEG asymmetry through biofeedback alters self-reported emotional responses and facial EMG. Psychophysiology 38 4 (2001) 685-693
59. Fuchs T., Birbaumer N., Lutzenberger W., Gruzelier J.H., and Kaiser J. Neurofeedback treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children: a comparison with methylphenidate. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 28 1 (2003) 1-12
60. Scharnowski F., Weiskopf N., Mathiak K., Zopf R., Studer P., Bock S.W., et al. Self-regulation of the BOLD signal of supplementary motor area (SMA) and parahippocampal place area (PPA): fMRI-neurofeedback and its behavioral consequences. [Abstract]. Abstract at 10th Annual Meeting of the OHBM, Budapest, Hungary (2004)
61. Rota G., Sitaram R., Veit R., Weiskopf N., Birbaumer N., and Dogil G. fMRI-neurofeedback for operant conditioning and neural plasticity investigation: a study on the physiological self-induced regulation of the BA 45. [Abstract]. Proceedings of the Cognitive Neuroscience Conference, San Francisco (2006)
62. Caria A., Veit R., Sitaram R., Lotze M., Weiskopf N., Grodd W., et al. Regulation of anterior insular cortex activity using real-time fMRI. Neuroimage 20 (2007) [Epub ahead of print]
63. Goebel R., Sorger B., Kaiser J., Birbaumer N., and Weiskopf N. BOLD Brain Pong: self-regulation of local brain activity during synchronously scanned, interacting subjects. [Abstract] (2004), Abstract viewer/itinerary planner, Society for Neuroscience, Washington (DC) [online]
64. Sorger B., Bareither N., Weiskopf N., Rodriguez E.F., Birbaumer N., and Goebel R. Voluntary modulation of regional brain activity to different target levels based on real-time fMRI neurofeedback. [Abstract] (2004), Abstract viewer/itinerary planner, Society for Neuroscience, Washington (DC) [online] [Program no. 481.2]
65. Lang P.J., Bradley M.M., and Cuthbert B.N. International affective picture system (IAPS): technical manual and affective ratings (1997), The Center for Research in Psychophysiology, University of Florida, Gainesville
66. Uncapher M.R., and Rugg M.D. Effects of divided attention on fMRI correlates of memory encoding. J Cogn Neurosci 17 12 (2005) 1923-1935
67. Eippert F., Veit R., Weiskopf N., Erb M., Birbaumer N., and Anders S. Regulation of emotional responses elicited by threat-related stimuli. Hum Brain Mapp (2006) [Epub ahead of print]
68. Adcock R.A., Lutomski K., McLeod S.R., Soneji D.J., and Gabrieli J.D. Real-time fMRI during the psychotherapy session: toward a methodology to augment therapeutic benefit, exemplary data. [Abstract]. Abstract at 11th Annual Meeting of the OHBM, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (2005)
69. Dogil G., Frese I., Haider H., Rohm D., and Wokurek W. Where and how does grammatically geared processing take place - and why is Broca's area often involved. A coordinated fMRI/ERBP study of language processing. Brain Lang 89 2 (2004) 337-345
70. Meng M., and Bader M. Mode of disambiguation and garden path strength: an investigation of subject- object ambiguities in German. Lang Speech 43 (2000) 43-74
71. Breitenstein C., Daum I., Ackermann H., Lütgehetmann R., and Müller E. Erfassung der Emotionswahrnehmung bei zentralnervösen Läsionen und Erkrankungen: Psychometrische Gütekriterien der "Tübinger Affekt Batterie". Neurologie Rehabil 2 (1996) 93-101
72. O'Craven K.M., and Kanwisher N. Mental imagery of faces and places activates corresponding stimulus-specific brain regions. J Cogn Neurosci 12 6 (2000) 1013-1023
73. Wagner A.D., Schacter D.L., Rotte M., Koutstaal W., Maril A., Dale A.M., et al. Building memories: remembering and forgetting of verbal experiences as predicted by brain activity. Science 281 5380 (1998) 1188-1191
74. Speck O., Hennig J., and Zaitsev M. Prospective real-time slice-by-slice motion correction for fMRI in freely moving subjects. Magn Reson Mater Phy 19 (2006) 55-61
75. Speck O., Hennig J., and Zaitsev M. Prospective real-time slice-by-slice motion correction for fMRI in freely moving subjects. Magn Reson Mater Phy (2006) 55-61
76. Jezzard P., and Clare S. Sources of distortion in functional MRI data. Hum Brain Mapp 8 2-3 (1999) 80-85
77. Deichmann R., Gottfried J.A., Hutton C., and Turner R. Optimized EPI for fMRI studies of the orbitofrontal cortex. Neuroimage 19 2 Pt 1 (2003) 430-441
78. Weiskopf N., Hutton C., Josephs O., and Deichmann R. Optimal EPI parameters for reduction of susceptibility-induced BOLD sensitivity losses: a whole-brain analysis at 3 T and 1.5 T. Neuroimage 33 2 (2006) 493-504
79. Andersson J.L., Hutton C., Ashburner J., Turner R., and Friston K. Modeling geometric deformations in EPI time series. Neuroimage 13 5 (2001) 903-919
80. Shmuel A., Augath M., Oeltermann A., and Logothetis N.K. Negative functional MRI response correlates with decreases in neuronal activity in monkey visual area V1. Nat Neurosci 9 4 (2006) 569-577
81. Friston K.J., Harrison L., and Penny W. Dynamic causal modelling. Neuroimage 19 4 (2003) 1273-1302
82. Roebroeck A., Formisano E., and Goebel R. Mapping directed influence over the brain using Granger causality and fMRI. Neuroimage 25 1 (2005) 230-242
83. Birbaumer N., Veit R., Lotze M., Erb M., Hermann C., Grodd W., et al. Deficient fear conditioning in psychopathy: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 62 7 (2005) 799-805
84. Dierks T., Linden D.E., Jandl M., Formisano E., Goebel R., Lanfermann H., et al. Activation of Heschl's gyrus during auditory hallucinations. Neuron 22 3 (1999) 615-621
85. Kircher T.T., Liddle P.F., Brammer M.J., Williams S.C., Murray R.M., and McGuire P.K. Neural correlates of formal thought disorder in schizophrenia: preliminary findings from a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 58 8 (2001) 769-774
86. Mourao-Miranda J., Bokde A.L., Born C., Hampel H., and Stetter M. Classifying brain states and determining the discriminating activation patterns: support vector machine on functional MRI data. Neuroimage 28 4 (2005) 980-995
87. Kamitani Y., and Tong F. Decoding the visual and subjective contents of the human brain. Nat Neurosci 8 5 (2005) 679-685
88. LaConte S., Strother S., Cherkassky V., Anderson J., and Hu X. Support vector machines for temporal classification of block design fMRI data. Neuroimage 26 2 (2005) 317-329
89. Haynes J.D., and Rees G. Predicting the orientation of invisible stimuli from activity in human primary visual cortex. Nat Neurosci 8 5 (2005) 686-691
90. Lacroix J.M., and Roberts L.E. A comparison of the mechanisms and some properties of instructed sudomotor and cardiac control. Biofeedback Self Regul 3 105 (1978) 132
91. Liu K.P., Chan C.C., Lee T.M., and Hui-Chan C.W. Mental imagery for promoting relearning for people after stroke: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 85 9 (2004) 1403-1408
92. Kim Y.H., You S.H., Kwon Y.H., Hallett M., Kim J.H., and Jang S.H. Longitudinal fMRI study for locomotor recovery in patients with stroke. Neurology 67 2 (2006) 330-333
93. Sharma N., Pomeroy V.M., and Baron J.C. Motor imagery: a backdoor to the motor system after stroke?. Stroke 37 7 (2006) 1941-1952
94. Sitaram R., Caria A., Veit R., Gaber T., Kubler A., and Birbaumer N. Real-time fMRI based brain-computer interface enhanced by interactive virtual worlds. [Abstract]. Proceedings of the Society for Psychophysiological Research, Lisbon (2006)
95. Caria A., Sitaram R., Veit R., Kuebler A., Lotze M., and Birbaumer N. Does the modulation of the insular activity affect our emotional involvement? A real-time fMRI study during emotional pictures processing. [Abstract]. Proceedings of the 7th Meeting of the German Neuroscience Society, Göttingen, Germany (2006)
96. Mathiak K., and Weber R. Toward brain correlates of natural behavior: fMRI during violent video games. Hum Brain Mapp 27 12 (2006) 948-956