메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 32, Issue 10, 2006, Pages 790-811

Hidden implementation dependencies in high assurance and critical computing systems

Author keywords

Critical systems; Data dependencies; Emergent properties; Formal frameworks; High assurance systems; Knowledge modeling; Set theory; Software engineering documentation; System development; System safety; Traceability; Work products

Indexed keywords

CRITICAL SYSTEMS; DATA DEPENDENCIES; EMERGENT PROPERTIES; FORMAL FRAMEWORKS; HIGH ASSURANCE SYSTEMS; KNOWLEDGE MODELING; SOFTWARE ENGINEERING DOCUMENTATION; SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT; SYSTEM SAFETY; WORK PRODUCTS;

EID: 33947124453     PISSN: 00985589     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TSE.2006.103     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (10)

References (114)
  • 1
    • 84888969142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experiments in the Use of XML to Enhance Traceability between Object-Oriented Design Specifications and Source Code
    • Jan
    • J. Alves-Foss, D. Conte de Leon, and P.W. Oman, "Experiments in the Use of XML to Enhance Traceability between Object-Oriented Design Specifications and Source Code," Proc. 35th Hawaii Int'l Conf. System Sciences (HICSS 35), pp. 3959-3966, Jan. 2002.
    • (2002) Proc. 35th Hawaii Int'l Conf. System Sciences (HICSS 35) , pp. 3959-3966
    • Alves-Foss, J.1    Conte de Leon, D.2    Oman, P.W.3
  • 4
    • 0035836569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maintaining Traceability Links During Object-Oriented Software Evolution
    • Apr
    • G. Antoniol, G. Canfora, G. Casazza, and A. De Lucia, "Maintaining Traceability Links During Object-Oriented Software Evolution," Software Practice and Experience, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 331-355, Apr. 2001.
    • (2001) Software Practice and Experience , vol.31 , Issue.4 , pp. 331-355
    • Antoniol, G.1    Canfora, G.2    Casazza, G.3    De Lucia, A.4
  • 5
    • 0036821537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recovering Traceability Links between Code and Documentation
    • Oct
    • G. Antoniol, G. Canfora, G. Casazza, A. De Lucia, and E. Merlo, "Recovering Traceability Links between Code and Documentation," IEEE Trans. Software Eng., vol. 28, no. 10, pp. 970-983, Oct. 2002.
    • (2002) IEEE Trans. Software Eng , vol.28 , Issue.10 , pp. 970-983
    • Antoniol, G.1    Canfora, G.2    Casazza, G.3    De Lucia, A.4    Merlo, E.5
  • 9
    • 0034384440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design-Code Traceability for Object-Oriented Systems
    • Mar
    • G. Antoniol, B. Caprile, A. Potrich, and P. Tonella, "Design-Code Traceability for Object-Oriented Systems," Annals of Software Eng., vol. 9, nos. 1-2, pp. 35-58, Mar. 2000.
    • (2000) Annals of Software Eng , vol.9 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 35-58
    • Antoniol, G.1    Caprile, B.2    Potrich, A.3    Tonella, P.4
  • 10
    • 0035400721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design-Code Traceability Recovery: Selecting the Basic Linkage Properties
    • July
    • G. Antoniol, B. Caprile, A. Potrich, and P. Tonella, "Design-Code Traceability Recovery: Selecting the Basic Linkage Properties," Science of Computer Programming, vol. 40, nos. 2-3, pp. 213-234, July 2001.
    • (2001) Science of Computer Programming , vol.40 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 213-234
    • Antoniol, G.1    Caprile, B.2    Potrich, A.3    Tonella, P.4
  • 16
    • 0033700726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • JavaML: A Markup Language for Java Source Code
    • G.J. Badros, "JavaML: A Markup Language for Java Source Code," Computer Networks, vol. 33, nos. 1-6, pp. 159-177, 2000.
    • (2000) Computer Networks , vol.33 , Issue.1-6 , pp. 159-177
    • Badros, G.J.1
  • 17
    • 0003483795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Wide Web Consortium
    • T. Berners-Lee, "The Semantic Web," World Wide Web Consortium, http://www.w3.org/2002/Talks/04-sweb/Overview.html, 2002.
    • (2002) The Semantic Web
    • Berners-Lee, T.1
  • 18
    • 85031242967 scopus 로고
    • Refinement of Concurrent Object Oriented Programs
    • S. Goldsack and S. Kent, eds. Springer-Verlag, Nov
    • P. Borba and J.A. Goguen, "Refinement of Concurrent Object Oriented Programs," Formal Methods in Object Technology, S. Goldsack and S. Kent, eds. Springer-Verlag, Nov. 1995.
    • (1995) Formal Methods in Object Technology
    • Borba, P.1    Goguen, J.A.2
  • 20
    • 0142071638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Event-Based Traceability for Managing Evolutionary Change
    • Sept
    • J. Cleland-Huang, C.K. Chang, and M.J. Christensen, "Event-Based Traceability for Managing Evolutionary Change," IEEE Trans. Software Eng., vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 796-810, Sept. 2003.
    • (2003) IEEE Trans. Software Eng , vol.29 , Issue.9 , pp. 796-810
    • Cleland-Huang, J.1    Chang, C.K.2    Christensen, M.J.3
  • 26
    • 0024105910 scopus 로고
    • A Field Study of the Software Design Process for Large Systems
    • B. Curtis, H. Krasner, and N. Iscoe, "A Field Study of the Software Design Process for Large Systems," Comm. ACM, vol. 31, no. 11, pp. 1268-1287, 1988.
    • (1988) Comm. ACM , vol.31 , Issue.11 , pp. 1268-1287
    • Curtis, B.1    Krasner, H.2    Iscoe, N.3
  • 27
    • 0034236856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergence and Levels of Abstraction
    • July
    • R.I. Damper, "Emergence and Levels of Abstraction," Int'l J. Systems Science, vol. 31, no. 7, pp. 811-818, July 2000.
    • (2000) Int'l J. Systems Science , vol.31 , Issue.7 , pp. 811-818
    • Damper, R.I.1
  • 29
    • 0037328519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Scenario-Driven Approach to Trace Dependency Analysis
    • Feb
    • A. Egyed, "A Scenario-Driven Approach to Trace Dependency Analysis," IEEE Trans. Software Eng., vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 116-132, Feb. 2003.
    • (2003) IEEE Trans. Software Eng , vol.29 , Issue.2 , pp. 116-132
    • Egyed, A.1
  • 31
    • 33947117763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Organization for Civil Aviation Equipment EUROCAE, Mar
    • European Organization for Civil Aviation Equipment (EUROCAE), http://www.eurocae.org/, Mar. 2006.
    • (2006)
  • 33
  • 35
    • 0032317799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying Design-Code Inconsistencies in Object-Oriented Software: A Case Study
    • Nov
    • R. Fiutem and G. Antoniol, "Identifying Design-Code Inconsistencies in Object-Oriented Software: A Case Study," Proc. 14th Int'l Conf. Software Maintenance (ICSM '98), pp. 94-102, Nov. 1998.
    • (1998) Proc. 14th Int'l Conf. Software Maintenance (ICSM '98) , pp. 94-102
    • Fiutem, R.1    Antoniol, G.2
  • 38
    • 0034274870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An Open Graph Visualization System and Its Applications to Software Engineering
    • Sept
    • E.R. Gansner and S.C. North, "An Open Graph Visualization System and Its Applications to Software Engineering," Software Practice and Experience, vol. 30, no. 11, pp. 1203-1233, Sept. 2000.
    • (2000) Software Practice and Experience , vol.30 , Issue.11 , pp. 1203-1233
    • Gansner, E.R.1    North, S.C.2
  • 43
    • 18744389233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Information Retrieval: A Survey
    • UMBC Center for Architectures for Data-Driven Information Processing CADIP, Nov
    • E. Greengrass, "Information Retrieval: A Survey," technical report, UMBC Center for Architectures for Data-Driven Information Processing (CADIP), http://www.csee.umbc.edu/cadip/readings/IR.report.l20600.book.pdf, Nov. 2000.
    • (2000) technical report
    • Greengrass, E.1
  • 44
    • 27644522644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving Communication of Critical Domain Knowledge in High-Consequence Software Development: An Empirical Study
    • Aug
    • K.S. Hanks and J.C. Knight, "Improving Communication of Critical Domain Knowledge in High-Consequence Software Development: An Empirical Study," Proc. 21st Int'l System Safety Conf. (1SSC '03), Aug. 2003.
    • (2003) Proc. 21st Int'l System Safety Conf. (1SSC '03)
    • Hanks, K.S.1    Knight, J.C.2
  • 46
    • 32044447691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advancing Candidate Link Generation for Requirements Tracing: The Study of Methods
    • Jan
    • J.H. Hayes, A. Dekhtyar, and S.K. Sundaram, "Advancing Candidate Link Generation for Requirements Tracing: The Study of Methods," IEEE Trans. Software Eng., vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 4-19, Jan. 2006.
    • (2006) IEEE Trans. Software Eng , vol.32 , Issue.1 , pp. 4-19
    • Hayes, J.H.1    Dekhtyar, A.2    Sundaram, S.K.3
  • 48
    • 84930828565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Institute of Software Technology (IST, Universität Koblenz-Landau and others, Koblenz, Germany, Feb
    • "Graph EXchange Language," Institute of Software Technology (IST), Universität Koblenz-Landau (and others), Koblenz, Germany, http://www.gupro.de/GXL/, Feb. 2006.
    • (2006) Graph EXchange Language
  • 49
    • 33749041196 scopus 로고
    • IEEE Standard Glossary of Software Engineering Terminology
    • IEEE Standard Glossary of Software Engineering Terminology, IEEE Standard 610.12-1990, 1990.
    • (1990) IEEE Standard 610.12-1990
  • 51
    • 33947108558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U. Isaksen, J.P. Bowen, and N. Nissanke, System and Software Safety in Critical Systems, technical report, Dept. of Computer Science, Univ. of Reading, Whiteknights, UK, Dec. 1996.
    • U. Isaksen, J.P. Bowen, and N. Nissanke, "System and Software Safety in Critical Systems," technical report, Dept. of Computer Science, Univ. of Reading, Whiteknights, UK, Dec. 1996.
  • 54
    • 33947154444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • N.G. Leveson, M. de Villepin, M. Daouk, J. Bellingham, J. Srinivasan, N. Neogi, E. Bachelder, N. Piloni and G. Flynn, A Safety and Human-Centered Approach to Developing New Air Traffic Management Tools, technical report, Aeronautics and Astronautics Dept., Massachusetts Inst. of Technology, and Eurocontrol Experimental Centre, Dec. 2001.
    • N.G. Leveson, M. de Villepin, M. Daouk, J. Bellingham, J. Srinivasan, N. Neogi, E. Bachelder, N. Piloni and G. Flynn, "A Safety and Human-Centered Approach to Developing New Air Traffic Management Tools," technical report, Aeronautics and Astronautics Dept., Massachusetts Inst. of Technology, and Eurocontrol Experimental Centre, Dec. 2001.
  • 55
    • 0034512414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Completeness in Formal Specification Language Design for Process-Control Systems
    • Mar
    • N.G. Leveson, "Completeness in Formal Specification Language Design for Process-Control Systems," Proc. Third Workshop Formal Methods in Software Practice, pp. 75-87, Mar. 2000.
    • (2000) Proc. Third Workshop Formal Methods in Software Practice , pp. 75-87
    • Leveson, N.G.1
  • 56
    • 0033892694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intent Specifications: An Approach to Building Human-Centered Specifications
    • Jan
    • N.G. Leveson, "Intent Specifications: An Approach to Building Human-Centered Specifications," IEEE Trans. Software Eng., vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 15-35, Jan. 2000.
    • (2000) IEEE Trans. Software Eng , vol.26 , Issue.1 , pp. 15-35
    • Leveson, N.G.1
  • 58
    • 4344663151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Role of Software in Spacecraft Accidents
    • July
    • N.G. Leveson, "The Role of Software in Spacecraft Accidents," AIAA J. Spacecraft and Rockets, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 564-575, July 2004.
    • (2004) AIAA J. Spacecraft and Rockets , vol.41 , Issue.4 , pp. 564-575
    • Leveson, N.G.1
  • 59
    • 12344299569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Systems-Theoretic Approach to Safety in Software Intensive Systems
    • Jan.-Mar
    • N.G. Leveson, "A Systems-Theoretic Approach to Safety in Software Intensive Systems," IEEE Trans. Dependable and Secure Computing, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 66-86, Jan.-Mar. 2004.
    • (2004) IEEE Trans. Dependable and Secure Computing , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 66-86
    • Leveson, N.G.1
  • 61
    • 33947146772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Systems Theoretic Approach to Safety Engineering
    • Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Inst. of Technology, Cambridge, Oct
    • N.G. Leveson, M. Daouk, N. Dulac, and K. Marais, "A Systems Theoretic Approach to Safety Engineering," technical report, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Inst. of Technology, Cambridge, Oct. 2003.
    • (2003) technical report
    • Leveson, N.G.1    Daouk, M.2    Dulac, N.3    Marais, K.4
  • 62
    • 77953737182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Designing Specification Languages for Process Control Systems: Lessons Learned and Steps to the Future
    • Sept
    • N.G. Leveson, M.P.E. Heimdahl, and J.D. Reese, "Designing Specification Languages for Process Control Systems: Lessons Learned and Steps to the Future," Seventh ACM SIGSOFT Symp. Foundations of Software Eng., pp. 127-145, Sept. 1999.
    • (1999) Seventh ACM SIGSOFT Symp. Foundations of Software Eng , pp. 127-145
    • Leveson, N.G.1    Heimdahl, M.P.E.2    Reese, J.D.3
  • 64
    • 0006742665 scopus 로고
    • Analyzing Software Requirements Errors in Safety-Critical Embedded Systems
    • Dept. of Computer Science, Iowa State Univ. of Science and Technology, Ames, Aug
    • R.R. Lutz, "Analyzing Software Requirements Errors in Safety-Critical Embedded Systems," technical report, Dept. of Computer Science, Iowa State Univ. of Science and Technology, Ames, Aug. 1992.
    • (1992) technical report
    • Lutz, R.R.1
  • 65
    • 84956602782 scopus 로고
    • Analyzing Software Requirements Errors in Safety-Critical Embedded Systems
    • Jan
    • R.R. Lutz, "Analyzing Software Requirements Errors in Safety-Critical Embedded Systems," Proc. First IEEE Int'l Symp. Requirements Eng. (RE '93), pp. 126-133, Jan. 1993.
    • (1993) Proc. First IEEE Int'l Symp. Requirements Eng. (RE '93) , pp. 126-133
    • Lutz, R.R.1
  • 66
    • 1942468147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empirical Analysis of Safety-Related Anomalies During Operations
    • Mar
    • R.R. Lutz and I.C. Mikulski, "Empirical Analysis of Safety-Related Anomalies During Operations," IEEE Trans. Software Eng., vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 172-180, Mar. 2004.
    • (2004) IEEE Trans. Software Eng , vol.30 , Issue.3 , pp. 172-180
    • Lutz, R.R.1    Mikulski, I.C.2
  • 69
    • 0037925467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recovering Documentation-to-Source-Code Traceability Links Using Latent Semantic Indexing
    • May
    • A. Marcus and J.I. Maletic, "Recovering Documentation-to-Source-Code Traceability Links Using Latent Semantic Indexing," Proc. 25th Int'l Conf. Software Eng. (ICSE '03), May 2003.
    • (2003) Proc. 25th Int'l Conf. Software Eng. (ICSE '03)
    • Marcus, A.1    Maletic, J.I.2
  • 70
    • 33947105186 scopus 로고
    • High Assurance Computer Systems: A Research Agenda
    • Center for High Assurance Computer Systems, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C
    • J. McLean and C. Heitmeyer, "High Assurance Computer Systems: A Research Agenda," technical report, Center for High Assurance Computer Systems, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C., 1995.
    • (1995) technical report
    • McLean, J.1    Heitmeyer, C.2
  • 74
    • 33947148797 scopus 로고
    • Editorial Universitaria de Buenos Aires EUDEBA
    • F. Naishtat, Lógica para Computación. Editorial Universitaria de Buenos Aires (EUDEBA), 1986.
    • (1986) Lógica para Computación
    • Naishtat, F.1
  • 75
    • 33947127176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controlled Flight into Terrain, Korean Air Flight 801, Boeing 747-300 HL746S, Nimitz Hill, Guam, 06 August 1997, Aircraft Accident Report NTSB/AAR-00/01, US Nat'l Transportation Safety Board, Washington, D.C., 2000.
    • "Controlled Flight into Terrain, Korean Air Flight 801, Boeing 747-300 HL746S, Nimitz Hill, Guam, 06 August 1997," Aircraft Accident Report NTSB/AAR-00/01, US Nat'l Transportation Safety Board, Washington, D.C., 2000.
  • 76
    • 84886843322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Xlinkit: A Consistency Checking and Smart Link Generation Service
    • May
    • C. Nentwich, L. Capra, W. Emmerich, and A. Finkelstein, "Xlinkit: A Consistency Checking and Smart Link Generation Service," ACM Trans. Internet Technical, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 151-185, May 2002.
    • (2002) ACM Trans. Internet Technical , vol.2 , Issue.2 , pp. 151-185
    • Nentwich, C.1    Capra, L.2    Emmerich, W.3    Finkelstein, A.4
  • 81
    • 0030105847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An Object-Oriented Tool for Tracing Requirements
    • Mar
    • F.A.C. Pinheiro and J.A. Goguen, "An Object-Oriented Tool for Tracing Requirements," IEEE Software, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 52-64, Mar. 1996.
    • (1996) IEEE Software , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 52-64
    • Pinheiro, F.A.C.1    Goguen, J.A.2
  • 85
    • 33947101066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prolog Development Center, Broendby, Denmark, Feb
    • "Visual Prolog," Prolog Development Center, Broendby, Denmark, http://www.visual-prolog.com/, Feb. 2006.
    • (2006) Visual Prolog
  • 86
    • 0003666540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics (RTCA) Standard DO-178B/ED-12B, errata issued on 26 Mar, Dec
    • Software Considerations in Airborne Systems and Equipment Certiftcalion. Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics (RTCA) Standard DO-178B/ED-12B, errata issued on 26 Mar. 1999, Dec. 1992.
    • (1999) Software Considerations in Airborne Systems and Equipment Certiftcalion , pp. 1992
  • 87
    • 11244288819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics (RTCA) Standard DO-248B, Dec
    • Final Annual Report for Clarification of DO-178B, Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics (RTCA) Standard DO-248B, Dec. 2001.
    • (2001) Final Annual Report for Clarification of DO-178B
  • 88
    • 0035107781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward Reference Models of Requirements Traceability
    • Jan
    • B. Ramesh and M. Jarke, "Toward Reference Models of Requirements Traceability," IEEE Trans. Software Eng., vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 58-93, Jan. 2001.
    • (2001) IEEE Trans. Software Eng , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 58-93
    • Ramesh, B.1    Jarke, M.2
  • 89
    • 33947117024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • KAON2, Research Center for Information Technologies (FZI), University of Karlsruhe, Germany, and Univ. of Manchester, UK, http://kaon2.semanticiweb.org/, 2006.
    • "KAON2," Research Center for Information Technologies (FZI), University of Karlsruhe, Germany, and Univ. of Manchester, UK, http://kaon2.semanticiweb.org/, 2006.
  • 90
    • 33947130893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RTCA Inc, Washington, D.C, Mar
    • RTCA Inc., Washington, D.C., http://www.rtca.org/, Mar. 2006.
    • (2006)
  • 91
  • 92
    • 3743128245 scopus 로고
    • Critical Systems Properties: Survey and Taxonomy
    • Technical Report CSL-93-01, rev. Feb. 1994, Center for High Assurance Computer Systems, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C, May
    • J. Rushby, "Critical Systems Properties: Survey and Taxonomy," Technical Report CSL-93-01, rev. Feb. 1994, Center for High Assurance Computer Systems, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C., May 1994.
    • (1994)
    • Rushby, J.1
  • 93
    • 26444534394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soc. Automotive Eng. Int'l. Standard 1.0, SAE Embedded Computing Systems Committee, Nov
    • Architecture Analysis & Design Language (AADL), Soc. Automotive Eng. Int'l. Standard 1.0, SAE Embedded Computing Systems Committee, Nov. 2004.
    • (2004) Architecture Analysis & Design Language (AADL)
  • 94
    • 33947133341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Requirements Engineering and the Semantic Web
    • Technical Report TR 2003-20, Inst. for Systems Research, College Park, Md
    • S.A. Selberg and M.A. Austin, "Requirements Engineering and the Semantic Web," Technical Report TR 2003-20, Inst. for Systems Research, College Park, Md., 2003.
    • (2003)
    • Selberg, S.A.1    Austin, M.A.2
  • 98
    • 33947146771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Capability Maturity Model Integration for Systems Engineering, Software Engineering, Integrated Product and Process Development, and Supplier Sourcing, Technical Report CMU/SEI-2002-TR-012, Software Eng. Inst., Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, Pa., Mar. 2002.
    • "Capability Maturity Model Integration for Systems Engineering, Software Engineering, Integrated Product and Process Development, and Supplier Sourcing," Technical Report CMU/SEI-2002-TR-012, Software Eng. Inst., Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, Pa., Mar. 2002.
  • 99
    • 0141796738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Formal Object Approach to the Design of ZML
    • J. Sun, J. Song Dong, J. Liu, and H. Wang, "A Formal Object Approach to the Design of ZML," Annals of Software Eng., vol. 13, nos. 1-4, pp. 329-356, 2002.
    • (2002) Annals of Software Eng , vol.13 , Issue.1-4 , pp. 329-356
    • Sun, J.1    Song Dong, J.2    Liu, J.3    Wang, H.4
  • 104
    • 33947132342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Software Eng, Univ. of Colorado at Boulder
    • Software Eng. Research Laboratory, Univ. of Colorado at Boulder, http://www-serl.cs.colorado.edu/, 2006.
    • (2006) Research Laboratory
  • 105
    • 33947116003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Project Bauhaus, Stuttgart, Germany
    • "Project Bauhaus," Universität Stuttgart, Germany, http://www.bauhaus-stuttgart.de/bauhaus/, 2006.
    • (2006) Universität
  • 107
    • 33947132843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recommendation, second ed, Oct
    • Mathematical Markup Language (MalhML) 2.0, W3C Recommendation, second ed., http://www.w3.org/TR/MathML2/, Oct. 2003.
    • (2003) Mathematical Markup Language (MalhML) 2.0
  • 108
    • 33947117023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • XSL Transformations XSLT, W3C Recommendation REC-xslt-19 991116, rev. version 1.0, Nov. 1999
    • XSL Transformations (XSLT), W3C Recommendation REC-xslt-19 991116, rev. version 1.0, http://www.w3.org/TR/xslt, Nov. 1999.
  • 109
    • 25144503410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • W3C Recommendation REC-xml-20 040 204, revised, third ed
    • Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0, W3C Recommendation REC-xml-20 040 204, revised, third ed., Feb. 2004.
    • (2004) Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0
  • 112
    • 33947153449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • W3C, World Wide Web Consortium, http://www.w3.org/, 2006.
    • "W3C," World Wide Web Consortium, http://www.w3.org/, 2006.
  • 114
    • 33947095140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergent Properties, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, E.N. Zalta, ed., Metaphysics Research Lab Center for the Study of Language and Information, http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/properties- emergent/, Mar. 2006.
    • "Emergent Properties," The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, E.N. Zalta, ed., Metaphysics Research Lab Center for the Study of Language and Information, http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/properties- emergent/, Mar. 2006.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.