Reimbursement for clinical services provided by pharmacists: What are we doing wrong?

American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy

Volumn 64, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 104-106

  Dole, Ernest J ^a,b   Murawski, Matthew M ^c  

^a Internal Medicine   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO   (United States)

^c PURDUE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLINICAL PHARMACY; COST CONTROL; ECONOMIC ASPECT; HEALTH CARE COST; HEALTH CARE SYSTEM; MEDICAL FEE; NOTE; PHARMACIST; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REIMBURSEMENT;

EID: 33947123088     PISSN: 10792082     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2146/ajhp060119     Document Type: Note

References (22)

1. Standage T. The Victorian Internet. New York: Berkey; 1998.
2. Merenich JA, Lousberg TR, Brennan SH et al. Optimizing treatment of dyslipidemia in patients with coronary artery disease in the managed-care environment (the Rocky Mountain Kaiser Permanente experience). Am J Cardiol. 2000; 85:36A-42A.
3. Leape LL, Cullen DJ, Clapp MD et al. Pharmacist participation on physician rounds and adverse drug events in the intensive care unit. JAMA. 1999; 282:267-70. [Erratum, JAMA. 2000; 283:1293.]
4. Bond CA, Monson R. Sustained improvement in drug documentation, compliance, and disease control. A four-year analysis of an ambulatory care model. Arch Intern Med. 1984; 144:1159-62.
5. Jameson J, VanNoord G, Vanderwoud K. The impact of a pharmacotherapy consultation on the cost and outcome of medical therapy. J Fam Pract. 1995; 41:469-72.
6. McMullin ST, Hennenfent JA, Ritchie DJ et al. A prospective, randomized trial to assess the cost impact of pharmacist-initiated interventions. Arch Intern Med. 1999; 159:2306-9.
7. Hanlon JT, Weinberger M, Samsa GP et al. A randomized, controlled trial of a clinical pharmacist intervention to improve inappropriate prescribing in elderly outpatients with polypharmacy. Am J Med. 1996; 100:428-37.
8. Gattis WA, Hasselblad V, Whellan DJ et al. Reduction in heart failure events by the addition of a clinical pharmacist to the heart failure management team: results of the Pharmacist in Heart Failure Assessment Recommendation and Monitoring (PHARM) Study. Arch Intern Med. 1999; 159:1939-45.
9. Johnson JA, Bootman JL. Drug-related morbidity and mortality. A cost-of-illness model. Arch Intern Med. 1995; 155:1949-56.
10. Bond CA, Raehl CL, Franke T. Interrelationships among mortality rates, drug costs, total cost of care and length of stay in United States hospitals: summary and recommendations for clinical pharmacy services and staffing. Pharmacotherapy. 2001; 21:129-41.
11. Bond CA, Raehl CL, Franke T. Clinical pharmacy services, pharmacist staffing, and drug costs in United States hospitals. Pharmacotherapy. 1999; 19:1354-62.
12. Carmichael JM, O'Connell MB, Devine B et al. Collaborative drug therapy management by pharmacists. Pharmacotherapy. 1997; 17:1050-61.
13. Schumock GT, Meek PD, Ploetz PA et al. Economic evaluations of clinical pharmacy services-1988-1995. Pharmacotherapy. 1996; 16:1188-208.
14. Lipton HL, Bird JA. The impact of clinical pharmacists' consultations on geriatric patients' compliance and medical care use: a randomized controlled trial. Gerontologist. 1994; 34:307-15.
15. Rupp MT. Performing and billing for cognitive services: implications for the US. Ann Pharmacother. 2000; 34:401-2.
16. Keely JL, for the American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine. Pharmacist scope of practice. Ann Intern Med. 2002; 136:79-85.
17. American Pharmacists Association. APhA Medication Therapy Management Outcomes Measurement Task Force report. www.aphanet.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section= Search& section=MTM_Services&template=/CM/ContentDisplay. cfm&ContentFilelD =946 (accessed 2006 Oct 11).
18. Hoffman JM, Thomley S, Vermeulen L et al. Residency training in academic medical centers. Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 2004; 61:2528-33.
19. Galt KA. Credentialing and privileging for pharmacists. Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 2004; 61:661-70.
20. Dole EJ. Profession of second lieutenants. Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 2002; 59:558-60.
21. Zellmer WA. Unresolved issues in pharmacy. Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 2005; 62: 259-65.
22. Summary of executive sessions on medication management programs. Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 2005; 62:585-92.