Moisture distribution changes and wetwood behavior in subalpine fir wood during drying using high x-ray energy industrial CT scanner

Drying Technology

Volumn 25, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 483-488

  Alkan, Sencer ^a   Zhang, Yaoli ^b   Lam, Felix ^a  

^a FORINTEK CANADA CORP   (Canada)

^b NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

Industrial computed tomography (ICT) imaging; Moisture profiles; Software development; Wetwood

Indexed keywords

COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY; LUMBER; SOFTWARE ENGINEERING; SOFTWOODS; WATER CONTENT;

INDUSTRIAL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IMAGING; MOISTURE PROFILES;

DRYING;

COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY; DRYING; LUMBER; SOFTWARE ENGINEERING; SOFTWOODS; WATER CONTENT;

ABIES LASIOCARPA; COMPUTER PROGRAMS; DRYING; HEART WOOD; IMAGE ANALYSIS; LUMBER; MOISTURE CONTENT; SAP WOOD; SCANNERS; WET WOOD;

EID: 33847785283     PISSN: 07373937     EISSN: 15322300     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/07373930601184023     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (46)

1. Zimmermann, M. H. (1983) Xylem Structure and the Ascent of Sap, Springer-Verlag, Berlin
2. Alkan, S. (2002) A Computer Visualization and Analysis of Wet-Wood Distribution and Related Processing Alternatives for Subalpine Fir, Vancouver, B.C.
3. Jozsa, L. A. (1991) Wood Properties of Subalpine Fir, a British Columbia Interior Wood, Vancouver, BC
4. Ward, J. C. and Pond, W. Y. (1980) Wetwood in Trees: A Timber Resource Problem
5. Alkan, S. and Yaoli, Z. (1899) Stress wave nondestructive evaluation of bacterial wet zones in subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa [Hook] Nutt) wood. 14th International Symposium on Nondestructive Testing of Wood Hannover, Germany
6. Etheridge, D. E. and Morin, L. A. (1962) Wetwood formation in balsam fir. Canadian Journal of Botany, 40, pp. 13-35.
7. Ross, R. J., Ward, J. C. and TenWolde, A. (1992) Identifying Bacterially Infected Oak by Stress Wave Nondestructive Evaluation, Madison, WI
8. Scott, E. S. (1984) Detection of wetwood in living poplar trees by electrical resistance measurements. European Journal of Forest Pathology, 14:6, pp. 334-339.
9. Sano, Y., Fujikawa, S. and Fukazawa, K. (1995) Detection and features of wetwood in Quercus mongolica var. grosseserrata, 9:5, pp. 261-268.
10. Baldwin, R. F. (2000) Maximizing Forest Product Resources for the 21st Century: New Processes, Products, and Strategies for Changing World, Miller Freeman Books, San Francisco
11. Jenkins, M. B. and Smith, E. T. (1999) The Business of Sustainable Forestry-Strategies for an Industry in Transition, Island Press, Washington, DC
12. Alkan, S. and Oja, J. (2002) 3-D visualization of wetwood within subalpine fir trees. CTIA/WFGA Conference University of Alberta, University of Alberta
13. Arfvidsson, J. (1998) Moisture Transport in Porous Media, Modelling Based on Kirchhoff Potentials, Lund Institute of Technology, Sweden
14. Cloutier, A. Y., Fortin, G. and Dhatt (1992) A wood drying finite element model based on the water potential concept. Drying Technology, 10:5, pp. 1151-1181.
15. Hukka, A. (1999) The effective diffusion coefficient and mass transfer coefficient of Nordic softwoods as calculated from direct drying experiments. Holzforschung, 53, pp. 534-540.
16. Perré, P. (1899) The numerical modelling of physical and mechanical phenomena involved in wood drying: An excellent tool for assisting with the study of new processes. Proceedings of the 5th International IUFRO Wood Drying Conference Quebec City, Canada
17. Salin, J. G. (1899) Simulation models; From a scientific challenge to a kiln operator tool. Proceedings of the 6th International IUFRO Wood Drying Conference Stellenbosch, South Africa
18. Gong, L. and Plumb, O. A. (1994) The effects of heterogeneity on wood drying, I. Model. Drying Technology, 12, pp. 1983-2001.
19. Gong, L. (1994) The effects of heterogeneity on wood drying, II. Experimental results. Drying Technology, 12, pp. 2003-2026.
20. Kamke, F. A. and Vanek, M. (1899) Comparison of wood drying models. 4th International Wood Drying Conference Rotorua, New Zealand
21. Menshutina, N. V. and Kudra, T. (2001) Computer aided drying technologies. Drying Technology, 19:8, pp. 1825-1849.
22. Mujumdar, A. S. (2004) Research and development in drying: Recent trends and future prospects. Drying Technology, 22:1, pp. 1-26.
23. Bucur, V. (2003) Nondestructive Characterization and Imagining of Wood, Springer, Berlin
24. Conners, R. W. (1899) A computer vision system for grading hardwood lumber. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Scanning Technology in Sawmilling Oakland, Calif
25. Funt, B. V. and Bryant, E. C. (1899) A computer vision system that analyzes CT-scans of sawlogs. Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 175-177.
26. Funt, B. V. and Bryant, E. C. (1987) Detection of internal log defects by automatic interpretation of computer tomography images. Forest Products Journal, 37:1, pp. 56-62.
27. Gronlund, A., Grundberg, S. and Gronlund, U. (1899) The Swedish stem bank - An unique database for different silvicultural and wood properties. IUFRO S5.01-04 Workshop Hook, Swedenpp. 71-77.
28. Schmold, D. L., Li, P. and Abbott, A. L. (1998) An interactive simulation of hardwood log veneer slicing using CT images. Forest Products Journal, 46:4, pp. 41-47.
29. Schmoldt, D. L., He, J. and Abbot, A. L. (1998) A comparison of several artificial neural network classifiers for CT images of hardwood logs. Proceedings of the SPIE, 3306, pp. 34-43.
30. Svalbe, I., Som, S., Davis, J., Grant, J., Tsui, K. and Wells, P. (1987) Internal scanning of logs for grade evaluation and defect location. Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Canning Technology and Image Processing on Wood, pp. 1-8.
31. Taylor, F. W., Wagner, F. G., McMillin, C. W., Morgan, I. L. and Hopkins, F. F. (1984) Locating knots by industrial tomography - a feasibility study. Forest Products Journal, 34:5, pp. 42-46.
32. Wiberg, P. (1995) Moisture distribution changes during drying. Holz Roh-und Werkstoff, 53, p. 402.
33. Wiberg, P. (1996) Colour changes of Scots pine and Norway spruce. A comparison between three different drying treatments. Holz Roh-und Werkstoff, 54, pp. 349-354.
34. Wiberg, P. (1996) CT-scanning during drying. moisture distribution in Pinus sylvestris. 5th IUFRO International Wood Drying Conference, pp. 231-235.
35. Lindgren, O. (1992) Medical CT-Scanners for Non-Destructive Wood Density and Moisture Content Measurements, Luleae University of Technology, Sweden
36. Wiberg, P. and Morén, T. (1999) New information on sapwood drying: CT-scanning profiles of moisture content during drying. Proc. of the first Wood Drying Workshop
37. Rosenkilde, A. and Arfvidsson, J. (1997) Measurement and evaluation of moisture transport coefficients during drying of wood. Holzforschung, 51, pp. 372-380.
38. Pang, S. and Wiberg, P. (1998) Model predicted and CT scanned moisture distribution in a softwood board during drying. Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff, 56:1, pp. 9-14.
39. Rosenkilde, A., Gorce, J. P. and Barry, A. (2004) Measurement of moisture content profiles during drying of Scots pine using magnetic resonance imaging. Holzforschung, 58, pp. 138-142.
40. Lindgren, O., Lindberg, H. and Lindberg, L. (1989) Calibration of a medical CAT-scanner for wood density and moisture content measurements. Scandinavian Symposium on Materials Science, 5th SSMS
41. Lindgren, O., Davis, J., Wells, P. and Shadbolt, P. (1992) Non-destructivewood density distribution measurements using computed tomography. Holz Roh-und Werkst, 50, pp. 295-299.
42. Johnson, C. R., Parker, S. G., Hansen, C., Kindlmann, G. L. and Livnat, Y. (1999) Interactive Simulation and Visualization. IEEE Computer, 32:12, pp. 59-65.
43. Livnat, Y., Shen, H. W. and Johnson, C. R. (1996) A near optimal isosurface extraction algorithm using the span space. IEEE Trans on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 1, pp. 73-84.
44. Lorensen, E. W. and Cline, H. E. (1987) Marching cubes: A high-resolution 3D surface construction algorithm. ACM Computer Graphics, 21, pp. 163-169.
45. Ross, R. J., Ward, J. C. and TenWolde, A. (1994) Stress wave nondestructive evaluation of wetwood. Forest Products Journal, 44:78, pp. 79-83.
46. Xu, C., Pham, D. L. and Prince, J. L. (1997) Finding the brain cortex using fuzzy segmentation, isosurfaces, and deformable surface models. Proceedings of the XVth International Conference on Information Processing in Medical Imaging, pp. 399-404.