In situ chemical osmosis experiment in the Boom Clay at the Mol underground research laboratory

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth

Volumn 32, Issue 1-7, 2007, Pages 421-433

  Garavito, A M ^a   De Canniere P ^b   Kooi, H ^a  

^a VU UNIVERSITY AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

^b BELGIAN NUCLEAR RESEARCH CENTRE   (Belgium)

Author keywords

Boom Clay; In situ osmosis testing; Nitrate; Osmotic efficiency; Osmotic flow; Radioactive waste disposal; Semi permeable clay membranes

Indexed keywords

CLAY MINERALS; MECHANICAL PERMEABILITY; OSMOSIS; PRESSURE; RADIOACTIVE WASTES; SOLUTE TRANSPORT;

BOOM CLAY; IN SITU OSMOSIS TESTING; OSMOTIC EFFICIENCY; OSMOTIC FLOW; SEMI-PERMEABLE CLAY MEMBRANES;

GEOLOGICAL REPOSITORIES;

BOOM CLAY; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; MEMBRANE; NITRATE; OSMOSIS; RADIOACTIVE WASTE; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; UNDERGROUND STORAGE; WASTE DISPOSAL; WATER FLOW;

EID: 33847767191     PISSN: 14747065     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2006.01.004     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Bader S., and Kooi H. Modelling of solute and water transport in semi-permeable clay membranes: comparison with experiments. Advances in Water Resources 28 (2005) 203-214
2. Baeyens B., Maes A., Cremers A., and Henrion P.N. Aging effects in Boom Clay. Radioactive Waste Management and the Nuclear Fuel Cycle 6 3-4 (1985) 409-423
3. Barbour S.L., and Fredlund D.G. Mechanisms of osmotic flow and volume change in clay soils. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 26 (1989) 551-562
4. Bear J. Dynamics of Fluids in Porous Media (1988), Dover Publications, New York
5. Beaucaire C., Pitsch H., Toulhoat P., Mottellier S., and Louvat D. Regional fluid characterization and modelling of water-rock equilibria in the Boom Clay Formation and in the Rupelian aquifer at Mol, Belgium. Applied Geochemistry 15 (2000) 667-686
6. Bredehoeft J.J., and Papadopulos S.S. A method for determining the hydraulic properties of tight formations. Water Resources Research 16 (1980) 233-238
7. Bresler E. Anion exclusion and coupling effects in non-steady transport through unsaturated soils. Soil Science Society of America: Proceedings 37 (1973) 663-669
8. Cey B.D., Barbour S.L., and Hendry M.J. Osmotic flow through a Cretaceous clay in southern Saskatchewan, Canada. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 38 (2001) 1025-1033
9. Davies, C., Bernier, F., 2005. Impact of the excavation disturbed or damage zone (EDZ) on the performance of radioactive waste geological repositories. In: Book Series Proceedings of an European Commission Cluster Conference held in Luxembourg on 3-5 November 2003. Conference jointly organized by the European Commission and EIG Euridice (Belgium). European Commission, Nuclear Science and Technology, EUR 21028EN. Luxembourg.
10. De Cannière, P., Put, M.J., Neerdael, B., 1994. Hydraulic characterization of the Boom Clay Formation from the HADES underground laboratory in Mol: evolution and assessment of the piezometric techniques. In: Hydraulic and Hydrochemical Characterisation of Argillaceous Rocks. Proceedings of an International Workshop at Nottingham, United Kingdom, 7-9 June 1994. OECD/NEA documents: disposal of radioactive waste, pp. 159-166.
11. De Cannière, P., Moors, H., Lolivier, P., De Preter, P., Put, M., 1996. Laboratory and in situ migration experiments in the Boom Clay. Work carried out under a cost-sharing contract with the European Commission, Nuclear Science and Technology, 4th Framework Program (1990-1994) under contract number FI2W-CT90-0039. Final report: EUR 16 927 EN, 51 pp.
12. De Craen, M., Wang, L., Van Geet, M., Moors, H., 2004. Geochemistry of Boom Clay pore water at the Mol site. Status 2004. Edition, SCK · CEN. Scientific Report BLG-990, 179 pp.
13. Fritz S.J., and Marine I.W. Experimental support for a predictive osmotic model of clay membranes. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 47 (1983) 1515-1522
14. Garavito A.M., Bader S., Kooi H., Richter K., and Keijzer T.J.S. Numerical modeling of chemical osmosis and ultrafiltration across clay membranes. Development in Water Sciences 1 (2002) 647-653
15. Garavito A.M., Kooi H., and Neuzil C.E. Numerical modeling of a long-term in situ chemical osmosis experiment in the Pierre Shale, South Dakota. Advances in Water Resources 29 (2006) 481-492
16. Hendry J.M., Wassenar L.I., and Kotzer T. Chloride and chlorine isotopes as tracers of solute migration in a thick, clay rich till. Water Resources Research 36 (2000) 285-296
17. Henrion P.N., Monsecour M., Fonteyne A., Put M., and De Regge P. Migration of radionuclides in Boom Clay. Radioactive Waste Management and the Nuclear Fuel Cycle 6 3-4 (1985) 313-359
18. Henrion, P.N., Put, M., Monsecour, M., 1990. Synthesis report on: Transport of radionuclides in Boom Clay - State-of-the-Art. 87 pp. SCK · CEN report coordinated by P. De Regge. SCK · CEN Report R-2863.
19. Horseman, S.T., Higgo, J., 1994. Summary report on the workshop on Determination of Hydraulic and Hydrochemical Characterisation of Argillaceous Rocks. In: Workshop on Determination of Hydraulic and Hydrochemical Characterisation of Argillaceous Rocks. OECD Documents Disposal of Radioactive Waste, Nottingham, United Kingdom. pp. 7-14.
20. Horseman, S.T., Higgo, J.J.W., Alexander, J., Harrington, J.F., 1996. Water, gas and solute movement through argillaceous media. Nuclear Energy Agency, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, report CC 96-1 Paris, p. 290.
21. Katchalsky A., and Curran P.F. Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics in Bio-Physics (1967), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA
22. Kharakara Y.K., and Berry A.F. Simultaneous flows of water and solutes through geological membranes: I. Experimental investigation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 37 (1973) 2577-2603
23. Keijzer, Th.J.S., 2000. Chemical osmosis in natural clayey material. PhD thesis, Universiteit Utrecht, The Netherlands.
24. Kemper W.D., and Maasland D.E.L. Reduction in salt content of solution on passing through thin films adjacent to charged surfaces. Soil Science Society: Proceedings (1964) 318-323
25. Kooi H., Groen J., and Leijnse A. Modes of seawater intrusion during transgressions. Water Resources Research 36 (2000) 2581-3589
26. Kooi H., Garavito A.M., and Bader S. Numerical modelling of chemical osmosis and ultrafiltration across clay formations. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 78-79 (2003) 333-336
27. Laenen, B., 1997. The geochemical signature of relative sea-level cycles recognized in the Boom Clay. PhD thesis, Catholic University of Louvain, KULeuven, 396 pp.
28. Leijnse, A., 1992. Three-dimensional modeling of coupled flow and transport in porous media. PhD thesis, Notre Dame University, Indiana.
29. Marivoet, J., Van Keer, I., Wemaere, I., Hardy, L., Pitsch, H., Beaucaire, C., Michelot, J.L., Marlin, C., Philippot, A.C., Hassanizadeh, M., Van Weert, F., 2000. A palaeohydrogeological study of the Mol site, PHYMOL project, Work carried out under a cost-sharing contract with the European Commission, Nuclear Science and Technology, 4th Framework Program (1994-1998) under contract Number F14W-CT96-0026. Final report: EUR 19146 EN. 101 pp.
30. Merceron, T., Mossman, J.R., 1994. The Archimède-Argile Project: acquisition and regulation of the water chemistry in a clay formation. In: Hydraulic and Hydrochemical Characterisation of Argillaceous Rocks. Proceedings of an International Workshop at Nottingham, United Kingdom, 7-9 June 1994. OECD/NEA documents: disposal of radioactive waste, pp. 119-131.
31. Mitchell J.K. Fundamentals of Soil Behavior. second ed. (1993), John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. 0-471-85640-1 437 pp
32. Neuzil C.E., and Pollock D.W. Erosional unloading and fluid pressures in hydraulically "tight" rocks. Journal of Geology 91 (1983) 179-193
33. Neuzil C.E. Groundwater flow in low permeability environments. Water Resources Research 22 (1986) 1163-1195
34. Neuzil C.E. Low fluid pressure within the Pierre Shale: a transient response to erosion. Water Resources Research 29 7 (1993) 2007-2020
35. Neuzil, C.E., 1994. Characterization of flow properties, driving forces and pore water chemistry in the ultra-low permeability Pierre Shale, North America. In: Workshop on Determination of Hydraulic and Hydrochemical Characterisation of Argillaceous Rocks. OECD Documents Disposal of Radioactive Waste. Nottingham, UK, pp. 65-74.
36. Neuzil C.E. Osmotic generation of "anomalous" fluid pressures in geological environments. Nature 403 (2000) 182-184
37. Noy, D.J., Horseman, S.T., Harrington, J.F., Bossart, P., Fisch, H.R., 2004. An experimental and modelling study of chemico-osmotic effects in the Opalinus Clay of Switzerland. In: Heitzmann, P. (Ed.), Mont Terri Project Hydrogeological Synthesis, Osmotic Flow. Reports of the Federal Office for Water and Geology (FOWG), Geology Series 6, pp. 95-126.
38. Olsen H.W. Liquid movement through kaolinite under hydraulic, electric and osmotic gradients. Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists 56 (1972) 2022-2028
39. PDE, Solutions, 2001. FlexPDE Version 2.20e1. Scripted finite element model builder and numerical solver. Available from: .
40. SAFIR 2 Report, 2001. Coordinated by De Preter, P., Lalieux, P., Cool, W. (Eds.), SAFIR 2 Report, Safety Assessment and Feasibility Interim Report 2. Four volumes, 13 Chapters. ONDRAF/NIRAS, Belgian Agency for Radioactive Waste and Enriched Fissile Materials. NIROND 2001-06E. December 2001.
41. Shackelford C.D., Malusis M.A., and Olsen H.W. Clay membrane barriers for waste containment. Geotechnical News 2 (2001) 39-43
42. Sillen, X., Marivoet, J., 2002. Spent fuel performance assessment for a hypothetical repository in the Boom Clay at the Mol site (Belgium). Open report to ONDRAF/NIRAS for contract KNT 90.95.656.02 and to the European Commission for contract EC FI4W-CT96-0018. Waste and Disposal Department SCK · CEN, Mol Belgium. February 2002. BLG-877, p. 138.
43. Vandenberghe, N., 1978. Sedimentology of the Boom Clay (Rupelian) in Belgium. Verhand. Kon. Acad. Wetenschappen België, XL 147, p. 137.
44. van der Kamp G. Methods for determining the in situ hydraulic conductivity of shallow aquitards - an overview. Hydrogeology Journal 9 (2001) 5-16
45. Van Geet, M., De Craen, M., Weetjens, E., Sillen, X., 2006. Extent of oxidising conditions in the host formation. Experimental data and scoping calculations. 21 pp. Niras/Ondraf contract CCHO 2004-2470/00/00, RP.WD.0043, DS251-B56/8.6. External Report, SCK.CEN-ER-05, 06/MVGe/P-2 (February 2006).
46. Wemaere, I., Hardy, L., Van Keer, I., Marivoet, J., Labat, S., Sillen, X., 2000. A palaeohydrogeological study of the Mol site - PHYMOL Project. Topical report 4: Climatic effects in the regional hydrogeological model for the performance of the Boom Clay Formation. DOC RTD/0056/2000-EN. EC, DG for Research, Brussels, p. 72.
47. Young A., and Low P.F. Osmosis in argillaceous rocks. Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists 49 (1965) 1004-1008