Filtering soil surface and antenna effects from GPR data to enhance landmine detection

IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing

Volumn 45, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 707-717

  Lopera, Olga ^a,b,c   Slob, Evert C ^d   Milisavljević, Nada ^a   Lambot, Sébastien ^c,e  

^a ROYAL MILITARY ACADEMY   (Belgium)

^b UNIVERSIDAD DE LOS ANDES   (Colombia)

^c UNIVERSITÉ CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN   (Belgium)

^d DELFT UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Netherlands)

^e FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JÜLICH   (Germany)

Author keywords

Clutter reduction; Ground penetrating radar (GPR); Inverse modeling; Landmine detection; Phase shift migration

Indexed keywords

ANTENNAS; COMPUTER SIMULATION; MINES; PHASE SHIFT; SIGNAL PROCESSING; SOILS;

CLUTTER REDUCTION; INVERSE MODELING; LANDMINE DETECTION; PHASE-SHIFT MIGRATION;

GROUND PENETRATING RADAR SYSTEMS;

EID: 33847754662     PISSN: 01962892     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TGRS.2006.888136     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. A. Yarovoy, L. Ligthart, A. Schukin, and I. Kaploun, "Polarimetric video impulse radar for landmine detection," Subsurf. Sens. Technol. Appl., vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 271-293, Oct. 2002.
2. K. C. Ho and P. D. Gader, "A linear prediction landmine detection algorithm for hand held ground penetrating radar," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 1374-1384, Jun. 2002.
3. J. MacDonald, J. Loockwood, T. Altshuler, T. Broach, L. Carin, R. Harmon, C. Rappaport, W. Scott, and R. Weaver, Alternatives for Landmine Detection. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2003.
4. D. Daniels, Surface Penetrating Radar, 2nd ed. London, U.K.: Inst. Electr. Eng., 2004.
5. B. Sai and L. Ligthart, "GPR phase-based techniques for profiling rough surfaces and detecting small, low-contrast landmines under flat ground," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 318-326, Feb. 2004.
6. J. Davis and A. Annan, "Ground penetrating radar for high resolution mapping of soil and rock stratigraphy," Geophys. Prospect., vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 531-551, Jul. 1989.
7. C. Bruschini, B. Gros, F. Guerne, P. Pice, and O. Carmona, "Ground penetrating radar and imaging metal detector for antipersonnel mine detection," J. Appl. Geophys., vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 59-71, Oct. 1998.
8. B. Scheers, Y. Plasman, M. Piette, M. Acheroy, and A. V. Vorst, "Laboratory UWB GPR system for landmine detection," in Proc. SPIE 8th Int. Conf. Ground Penetrating Radar, 2000, pp. 747-752.
9. J. van der Kruk, C. Wapenaar, J. Fokkema, and P. van der Berg, "Three dimensional imaging of multi-component ground penetrating radar data," Geophysics, vol. 68, no. 4, pp. 1241-1254, Jul./Aug. 2003.
10. G. Plett, T. Doi, and D. Torrieri, "Mine detection using scattering parameters," IEEE Trans. Neural Netw., vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 1456-1467, Nov. 1997.
11. C. Yang and N. K. Bose, "Landmine detection and classification with complex-valued hybrid neural network using scattering parameters dataset," IEEE Trans. Neural Netw., vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 743-753, May 2005.
12. P. D. Gader, M. Mystkowski, and Y. Zhao, "Landmine detection with ground penetrating radar using hidden Markov models," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 1231-1244, Jun. 2001.
13. X. Xu, E. L. Miller, C. M. Rappaport, and G. D. Sower, "Statistical method to detect subsurface objects using array ground-penetrating radar data," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 963-976, Apr. 2002.
14. S. Delbo, P. Gamba, and D. Roccato, "A fuzzy shell clustering approach to recognize hyperbolic signatures in subsurface radar images," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 1447-1451, May 2000.
15. P. D. Gader, J. M. Keller, and B. Nelson, "Recognition technology for the detection of buried landmines," IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 31-43, Feb. 2001.
16. N. Milisavljević, "Analysis and fusion using belief functions theory of multisensor data for close-range humanitarian mine detection," Ph.D. dissertation, Ecole Nat. Super. Telecommun., Paris, France - Royal Military Academy, Brussels, Belgium, 2001.
17. Q. Zhu and L. M. Collins, "Application of feature extraction methods for landmine detection using the Wichmann/Niitek ground penetrating radar," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 81-85, Jan. 2005.
18. B. Scheers, "Ultra-wideband ground penetrating radar with application to the detection of anti personnel landmines," Ph.D. dissertation, Catholic Univ. Louvain-Royal Military Academy, Brussels, Belgium, 2001.
19. F. Roth, "Convolutional models for landmine identification with ground penetrating radar," Ph.D. dissertation, Delft Univ. Technol., Delft, The Netherlands, 2004.
20. B. Scheers, M. Acheroy, and A. Vander Vorst, "Migration technique based on the time-domain model of the ground penetrating radar," in Proc. SPIE Surf. and Subsurf. Sens. Technol. and Appl. III, C. Nguyen, Ed., San Diego, CA, 2001, pp. 111-119.
21. J. Groenenboom and A. Yarovoy, "Data procesing and imaging in GPR system dedicated for landmine detection," Subsurf. Sens. Technol. Appl., vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 387-402, Oct. 2002.
22. F. Roth, P. van Genderen, and M. Verhaegen, "Processing and analysis of polarimetric ground penetrating radar landmine signatures," in Proc. 2nd Int. Workshop Adv. Ground Penetrating Radar, A. Yarovoy, Ed., Delft, The Netherlands, 2003, pp. 70-75.
23. H. Brunzell, "Detection of shallowly buried objects using impulse radar," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 875-886, Mar. 1999.
24. A. Merwe and I. Gupta, "A novel signal processing technique for clutter reduction in GPR measurements of small, shallow landmines," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 2627-2637, Nov. 2000.
25. G. Zhan, L. Tsang, and K. Pak, "Studies of the angular correlation function of scattering by random rough surfaces with and without a buried object," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 444-4-53, Mar. 1997.
26. T. Dogaru and L. Carin, "Time-domain sensing of targets buried under a rough air-ground interface,"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 360-372, Mar. 1998.
27. J. Brooks, L. van Kempen, and H. Sahli, "A primary study in adaptive clutter reduction and buried minelike target enhancement from GPR data," in Proc. SPIE Detect. and Remediat. Technol. Mines and Minelike Targets V, 2000, pp. 1183-1192.
28. M. El-Shenawee and C. Rappaport, "Monte Carlo simulations for clutter statistics in minefields: AP-mine-like-target buried near a dielectric object beneath 2-D random rough surfaces," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 1416-1426, Jun. 2002.
29. S. Lambot, E. Slob, I. van den Bosch, B. Stockbroeckx, and M. Vanclooster, "Modeling of ground-penetrating radar for accurate characterization of the subsurface dielectric properties," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 42, no. 11, pp. 2555-2568, Nov. 2004.
30. S. Lambot, L. Weihermüller, I. van den Bosch, M. Vanclooster, and E. C. Slob, "Full-wave inversion of off-ground monostatic GPR signal focused on the surface reflection for identifying surface dielectric permittivity," in Proc. 3rd Int. Workshop Adv. Ground Penetrating Radar, S. Lambot and A. Gorriti, Eds., 2005, pp. 113-118.
31. S. Lambot, L. Weihermüller, J. A. Huisman, H. Vereecken, M. Vanclooster, and E. C. Slob, "Analysis of air-launched ground-penetrating radar techniques to measure the soil surface water content," Water Resour. Res., vol. 42, no. 11, Nov. 2006. W11403.
32. R. Stolt, "Migration by Fourier transform," Geophysics, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 23-48, Feb. 1978.
33. O. Lopera, S. Lambot, N. Milisavljević, B. Scheers, and I. van den Bosch, "Background subtraction in the frequency domain for focusing ground-penetrating radar data," in Proc. 3rd Int. Workshop Adv. GPR, S. Lambot and A. Gorriti, Eds., Delft, The Netherlands, 2005, pp. 25-30.
34. K. Michalski and J. Mosig, "Multilayered media Green's functions in integral equation formulations," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 508-519, Mar. 1997.
35. S. Lambot, O. Lopera, and E. C. Slob, "Effect of the antenna height on the estimation of the soil electromagnetic properties using full-wave inverse modeling of GPR data," in Proc. 11th Int. Conf. Ground Penetrating Radar, J. J. Daniels and C. C. Chen, Eds., 2006.
36. J. Lagarias, J. Reeds, M. Wright, and P. Wright, "Convergence properties of the Nelder-Mead simplex method in low dimensions," SIAM J. Optim., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 112-147, 1998.
37. C. Cafforio, C. Prati, and E. Rocca, "SAR data focusing using seismic migration techniques," IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 194-207, Mar. 1991.
38. H. Yu, X. Ying, and Y. Shi, "The use of FK-techniques in GPR processing," in Proc. 6th Int. Conf. Ground Penetrating Radar, Sendai, Japan, 1996, pp. 595-600.
39. O. Lopera, N. Milisavljević, and S. Lambot, "Clutter reduction in GPR measurements for detecting shallowly buried landmines: A Colombian case study," Near Surf. Geophys., vol. 5, pp. 73-80, Mar. 2007.