Promoting sun safety among US postal service letter carriers: Impact of a 2-year intervention (American Journal of Public Health (2007) 97, (559-565) DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2005.083907);Promoting sun safety among US postal service letter carriers: Impact of a 2-year intervention

American Journal of Public Health

Volumn 97, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 559-565

  Mayer, Joni A ^a,b   Slymen, Donald J ^a   Clapp, Elizabeth J ^a   Pichon, Latrice C ^a   Eckhardt, Laura ^a   Eichenfield, Lawrence F ^c,d   Elder, John P ^a,b   Sallis, James F ^e   Weinstock, Martin A ^f,g   Achter, April ^a   Balderrama, Cynthia ^a   Galindo, Gabriel R ^a   Oh, Sam S ^a  

^a SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^d RADY CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^e SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^f BROWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^g BROWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

SUNSCREEN;

ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; NORMAL HUMAN; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; POSTAL MAIL; QUESTIONNAIRE; SUN EXPOSURE; UNITED STATES; ADULT; ATTITUDE TO HEALTH; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; FEMALE; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HEALTH EDUCATION; HEALTH PROMOTION; MALE; MANPOWER; MIDDLE AGED; OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE; PRIMARY PREVENTION; PROTECTIVE CLOTHING; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; REMINDER SYSTEM; SELF CONCEPT; SKIN TUMOR; SUNLIGHT; UTILIZATION REVIEW;

ADULT; CALIFORNIA; FEMALE; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HEALTH EDUCATION; HEALTH KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, PRACTICE; HEALTH PROMOTION; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES; POSTAL SERVICE; PRIMARY PREVENTION; PROTECTIVE CLOTHING; REMINDER SYSTEMS; SELF EFFICACY; SKIN NEOPLASMS; SUNLIGHT; SUNSCREENING AGENTS;

EID: 33847722220     PISSN: 00900036     EISSN: 15410048     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2005.083907e     Document Type: Erratum

References (46)

1. American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts and Figures 2006. Atlanta, Ga: American Cancer Society; 2006.
2. Friedman RJ, Rigel DS, Bersons DS, Rivers J. Skin cancer: basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma. In: Holleb AJ, Fink DJ, Murphy GP, eds. American Cancer Society Textbook of Clinical Oncology. Atlanta, Ga: American Cancer Society; 1991:290-305.
3. Singletary S, Balch C. Malignant melanoma. In: Holleb AJ, Fink DJ, Murphy GP, eds. American Cancer Society Textbook of Clinical Oncology. Atlanta, Ga: American Cancer Society; 1991:263-270.
4. Marks R. An overview of skin cancers. Incidence and causation. Cancer Suppl. 1995;75:607-612.
5. Elwood JM. Recent developments in melanoma epidemiology, 1993. Melanoma Res. 1993;3:149-156.
6. Holman CD, Gibson IM, Stephenson M, Armstrong BK. Ultraviolet irradiation of human body sites in relation to occupation and outdoor activity: field studies using personal UVR dosimeters. Clin Exp Dermatol. 1983;8:269-277.
7. English DR, Armstrong BK, Kricker A, Fleming C. Sunlight and cancer. Cancer Causes Control. 1997;8: 271-283.
8. Kricker A, Armstrong BK, English DR. Sun exposure and non-melanocytic skin cancer. Cancer Causes Control. 1994;5:367-392.
9. Strickland PT, Vitasa BC, West SK, Rosenthal FS, Emmett EA, Taylor HR. Quantitative carcinogenesis in man: solar ultraviolet B dose dependence of skin cancer in Maryland watermen. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1989; 81:1910-1913.
10. Delzell E, Grufferman S. Mortality among white and nonwhite farmers in North Carolina, 1976-1978. Am J Epidemiol. 1985;121:391-402.
11. Stepanski BM, Mayer JA. Solar protection behaviors among outdoor workers. J Occup Environ Med. 1998;40:43-48.
12. Keeling JH, Kraus EW, Pathak M, Sober AJ, Hats: design and protection from ultraviolet radiation. Mil Med. 1989;154:250-255.
13. Wong JC, Airey DK, Fleming RA. Annual reduction of solar UV exposure to the facial area of outdoor workers in Southeast Queensland by wearing a hat. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 1996;12:131-135.
14. Diffey BL, Cheeseman J. Sun protection with hats. Br J Dermatol. 1992;127:10-12.
15. Rosenthal FS, Phoon C, Bakalian AE, Taylor HR. The ocular dose of ultraviolet radiation to outdoor workers. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1988;29:649-656.
16. Naylor MF, Boyd A, Smith DW, Cameron GS, Hubbard D, Neldner KH. High sun protection factor sunscreens in the suppression of actinic neoplasia. Arch Dermatol. 1995;131:170-175.
17. Thompson SC, Jolley D, Marks R. Reduction of solar keratoses by regular sunscreen use. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:1147-1151.
18. Damian DL, Halliday GM, Barnetson RS. Broadspectrum sunscreens provide greater protection against ultraviolet-radiation-induced suppression of contact hypersensitivity to a recall antigen in humans. J Invest Dermatol. 1997;109:146-151.
19. Davenport V, Morris JF, Chu AC. Immunologic protection afforded by sunscreens in vitro. J Invest Dermatol. 1997;108:859-863.
20. van Praag MC, Roza L, Boom BW, et al. Determination of the photoprotective efficacy of a topical sunscreen against UVB-induced DNA damage in human epidermis. J Photochem Photobiol B. 1993;19:129-134.
21. Ananthaswamy HN, Loughlin SM, Cox P, Evans RL, Ullrich SE, Kripke ML. Sunlight and skin cancer: inhibition of p53 mutations in UV-irradiated mouse skin by sunscreens. Nat Med. 1997;3:510-514.
22. Elmets CA, Vargas A, Oresajo C. Photoprotective effects of sunscreens in cosmetics on sunburn and Langerhans cell photodamage. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 1992;9:113-120.
23. Neale R, Russell A, Muller HK, Green A. Sun exposure, sunscreen and their effects on epidermal Langerhans cells. Photochem Photobiol. 1997;66:260-264.
24. Weinstock M. The role of sunscreen lotions in melanoma prevention. In: Grob J, Stern R, MacKie R, Weinstock M, eds. Epidemiology, Causes, and Prevention oj Skin Diseases. Oxford, UK: Blackwell; 1997:159-163.
25. Gasparro FP, Mitchnick M, Nash JF. A review of sunscreen safety and efficacy. Photochem Photobiol. 1998;68:243-256.
26. Naylor MF, Farmer KC. The case for sunscreens. A review of their use in preventing actinic damage and neoplasia. Arch Dermatol. 1997;133:1146-1154.
27. Donner A. An empirical study of cluster randomization. Int J Epidemiol. 1982;11:283-286.
28. Oh SS, Mayer JA, Lewis EC, et al. Validating outdoor workers' self-report of sun protection. Prev Med. 2004;39:798-803.
29. Creech LL, Mayer JA. Ultraviolet radiation exposure in children: a review of measurement strategies. Ann Behav Med. 1997;19:399-407.
30. Glanz K, Mayer JA. Reducing ultraviolet radiation exposure to prevent skin cancer: methodology and measurement. Am J Prev Med. 2005;29:131-142.
31. Sallis JF, Owen N. Ecological models of health behavior. In: Glanz K, Rimer BK, Lewis FM, eds. Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory, Research, and Practice. 3rd ed. San Francisco, Calif: Jossey-Bass; 2002:462-484.
32. Skinner BF. Science and Human Behavior. New York, NY: Macmillan; 1953.
33. Bandura A. Social Functions of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Approach. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall; 1986.
34. Pichon LC, Mayer JA, Slymen DJ, Elder JP, Lewis EC, Galindo GR. Ethnoracial differences among outdoor workers in key sun-safety behaviors. Am J Prev Med. 2005;28:374-378.
35. Lewis EC, Mayer JA, Slymen D. Postal workers' occupational and leisure-time sun safety behaviors. Cancer Causes Control. 2006;17:181-186.
36. Fitzpatrick TB. The validity and practicality of sun-reactive skin types I through VI. Arch Dermatol. 1988;124:869-871.
37. National Weather Service Forecast Office. San Diego, Calif. Available at: http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/sgx. Accessed August 22, 2005.
38. Rosner B. Fundamentals of Biostatistics. 4th ed. Belmont, Calif: Wadsworth Publishing; 1995.
39. US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Occupational employment and wages, May 2003. Available at: http://www.bls.gov/oes/2003/may/ oes435052.htm#nat. Accessed September 24, 2005.
40. Rogers EM. Diffusion of Innovations. 4th ed. New York, NY: Free Press; 1995.
41. Saraiya M, Glanz K, Briss PA, et al. Interventions to prevent skin cancer by reducing exposure to ultraviolet radiation: a systematic review. Am J Prev Med. 2004;27:422-466.
42. Geller AC, Glanz K, Shigaki D, Isnec MR, Sun T, Maddock J. Impact of skin cancer prevention on outdoor aquatics staff: the Pool Cool program in Hawaii and Massachusetts. Prev Med. 2001;33:155-161.
43. Buller DB, Andersen PA, Walkosz BJ, et al. Randomized trial testing a worksite sun protection program in an outdoor recreation industry. Health Educ Behav. 2005;32:514-535.
44. Glanz K, Maddock J, Lew R, Murakami-Akatsuka L. A randomized trial of the Hawaii SunSmart program's impact on outdoor recreation staff. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2001;44:973-978.
45. Girgis A, Sanson-Fisher RW, Watson A. A workplace intervention for increasing outdoor workers' use of solar protection. Am J Public Health. 1994;84: 77-81.
46. Eckhardt L, Mayer JA, Creech L, et al. Assessing children's ultraviolet radiation exposure: the potential usefulness of a colorimeter. Am J Public Health. 1996; 86:1802-1804.