Alterations in the mechanical properties and composition of skin in human growth hormone Transgenic Mice

Connective Tissue Research

Volumn 48, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 19-26

  Serrat, Maria A ^a,b   Vinyard, Christopher ^b   King, Donna ^c  

^a KENT STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Northeast Ohio Medical University   (United States)

^c NORTHEAST OHIO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Elastic modulus; Fracture toughness; Growth hormone; Sexual dimorphism; Skin

Indexed keywords

GROWTH HORMONE;

ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; BIOMECHANICS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DERMIS; EPIDERMIS; FEMALE; GENE EXPRESSION; HISTOLOGY; MALE; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; SEX DIFFERENCE; SKIN STRUCTURE; SKINFOLD THICKNESS; SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE; TRANSGENIC MOUSE; YOUNG MODULUS;

ANIMALS; BIOMECHANICS; ELASTICITY; FEMALE; HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE; HUMANS; MALE; MICE; MICE, TRANSGENIC; SEX CHARACTERISTICS; SKIN; SKIN PHYSIOLOGY; STRESS, MECHANICAL;

MUS MUSCULUS;

EID: 33847706797     PISSN: 03008207     EISSN: 16078438     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/03008200601021373     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Saban, J., Schneider, G. B., Bolt, D. and King, D. (1996) Erythroid-specific expression of human growth hormone affects bone morphology in transgenic mice. Bone, 18, pp. 47-52.
2. Steinke, B., Patwardhan, A. G., Havey, R. M. and King, D. (1999) Human growth hormone transgene expression increases the biomechanical structural properties of mouse vertebrae. Spine, 24, pp. 1-4.
3. Edmondson, S. R., Thumiger, S. P., Werther, G. A. and Wraight, C. J. (2003) Epidermal homeostasis: The role of the growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor systems. Endocr. Rev., 24, pp. 737-764.
4. Jørgensen, P. H., Andreassen, T. T. and Jørgensen, K. D. (1989) Growth hormone influences collagen deposition and mechanical strength of intact rat skin. Acta Endocrinol., 120, pp. 767-772.
5. Caperna, T. J. and Vossoughi, J. (1999) Influences of somatotropin on biomechanical properties of porcine skin. Lab. Anim. Sci., 49, pp. 212-215.
6. Shulman, D. I. (2002) Metabolic effects of growth hormone in the child and adolescent. Curr. Opin. Pediatr., 14, pp. 432-436.
7. Laron, Z. (2002) Effects of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 deficiency on ageing and longevity. Nov. Found. Symp., 242, pp. 125-137.
8. Ashby, M. F. (1992) Materials Selection in Mechanical Design, Pergamon Press, Oxford
9. Vogel, S. (2003) Comparative Biomechanics: Life's Physical World., Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ
10. King, D. (2000), Unpublished data
11. Hammer, R. E., Palmiter, R. D. and Brinster, R. L. (1984) Partial correction of murine hereditary growth disorder by germ-line incorporation of a new gene. Nature, 311, pp. 65-67.
12. Tannenbaum, G. S. and Martin, J. B. (1976) Evidence for an endogenous ultradian rhythm governing growth hormone secretion in the rat. Endocrinology, 98, pp. 562-570.
13. Darvell, B. W., Lee, P. K. D., Yuen, T. D. and Lucas, P. W. (1996) A portable fracture toughness tester for biological materials. Meas. Sci. Tech., 7, pp. 954-962.
14. Vincent, J. F. V. (1992) Biomechanics Materials: A Practical Approach. Oxford University Press, New York
15. Pereira, B. P., Lucas, P. W. and Swee-Hin, T. (1997) Ranking the fracture toughness of thin mammalian soft tissue using the scissors cutting test. J. Biomech., 30, pp. 91-94.
16. Humason, G. L. (1972) Animal Tissue Techniques, W.H. Freeman, San Francisco
17. Zar, J. H. (1996) Biostatistical Analysis., Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
18. Gatford, K. L., Egan, A. R., Clarke, I. J. and Owens, P. C. (1998) Sexual dimorphism of the somatotrophic axis. J. Endocrinol., 157, pp. 373-389.
19. Campbell, R. G., Johnson, R. J., King, R. H. and Taverner, M. R. (1990) Effects of gender and genotype on the response of growing pigs to exogenous administration of porcine growth hormone. J. Anim. Sci., 68, pp. 2674-2681.
20. Wanke, R., Milz, S., Rieger, N., Ogiolda, L., Renner-Müller, I., Brem, G., Hermanns, W. and Wolf, E. (1999) Overgrowth of skin in growth hormone transgenic mice depends on the presence of male gonads. J. Invest. Dermatol., 113, pp. 967-971.
21. Blok, G. J., de Boer, H., Gooren, L. J. G. and Van Der Veen, E. A. (1997) Growth hormone substitution in adult growth hormone-deficient men augments androgen effects on the skin. Clin. Endocrinol., 47, pp. 29-36.
22. Szyszkowska, A. M. (1986) Morphologic studies of elastic and collagen fibers and acid mucopolysaccharide in rabbit skin following experimental freezing. Gegenbaurs Morphol. Jahrb., 132, pp. 567-576.
23. Scow, R. O. (1951) Effect of growth hormone on muscle and skin collagen in neonatal thyroidectomized rats. Endocrinology, 49, pp. 641-646.
24. Banfield, W. G. (1958) Effect of growth hormone on acetic acid-extractable collagen of hamster skin. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 97, pp. 309-312.
25. Aer, J., Halme, J., Kivirikko, K. I. and Laitinen, O. (1968) Action of growth hormone on the metabolism of collagen in the rat. Biochem. Pharmacol., 17, pp. 1173-1180.
26. Granot, I., Halevy, O., Hurwitz, S. and Pines, M. (1991) Growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I regulate collagen gene expression and extracellular collagen in cultures of avian skin fibroblasts. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 80, pp. 1-9.
27. Prahalada, S., Stabinski, L. G., Chen, H. Y., Morrissey, R. E., DeBurlet, G., Holder, D., Patrick, D. H., Peter, C. P. and vanZwieten, M. J. (1998) Pharmacological and toxicological effects of chronic porcine growth hormone administration in dogs. Toxicol. Pathol., 26, pp. 185-200.
28. Caperna, T. J., Gavelek, D. and Vossoughi, J. (1994) Somatotropin alters collagen metabolism in growing pigs. J. Nutr., 124, pp. 770-778.
29. Schwinger, G., Zanger, K. and Greven, H. (2001) Structural and mechanical aspects of the skin in Bufo marinus (Anura, Amphibia). Tissue Cell, 33, pp. 541-547.
30. Ikawa, A., Ishii, Y., Suzuki, K., Yasoshima, A., Suzuki, N., Nakayama, H., Takahashi, S. and Doi, K. (2002) Age-related changes in the dorsal skin histology in Mini and Wistar rats. Histol. Histopathol., 17, pp. 419-426.
31. Greenhalgh, C. J., Bertolino, P., Asa, S. L., Metcalf, D., Corbin, J. E., Adams, T. E., Davey, HW, Nicola, N. A., Hilton, D. J. and Alexander, W. S. (2002) Growth enhancement in suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS-2)-deficient mice is dependent on signal transducer and activator of transcription 5b (STAT5b). Mol. Endocrinol., 16, pp. 1394-1406.
32. Rudman, D., Feller, A. G., Nagraj, H. S., Gergans, G. A., Lalitha, P. Y., Goldberg, A. F., Schlenker, R. A., Cohn, L., Rudman, I. W. and Mattson, D. E. (1990) Effects of human growth hormone in men over 60 years old. New Engl. J. Med., 323, pp. 1-6.
33. Kann, P., Piepkorn, B., Schehler, B., Lotz, J., Prellwitz, W. and Beyer, J. (1996) Growth hormone substitution in growth hormone-deficient adults: Effects on collagen type I synthesis and skin thickness. Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diab., 104, pp. 327-333.
34. de Boer, H., Blok, G. J., Voerman, B., Derriks, P. and van der Veen, E. (1996) Changes in subcutaneous and visceral fat mass during growth hormone replacement therapy in adult men. Int. J. Obes., 20, pp. 580-587.
35. Jarrett, A. and Matthews, B. E. (1973) The physical nature of dermal collagen. Rheumatol. Rehab., 12, pp. 32-36.
36. Oxlund, H. and Andreassen, T. T. (1980) The roles of hyaluronic acid, collagen, and elastin in the mechanical properties of connective tissues. J. Anat., 131, pp. 611-620.
37. Oxlund, H. (1986) Relationships between the biomechanical properties, structural composition and molecular structure of connective tissues. Conn. Tissue Res., 15, pp. 65-72.
38. Oxlund, H., Manschott, J. and Viidik, A. (1988) The role of elastin in the mechanical properties of skin. J. Biomech., 21, pp. 213-218.
39. Brüel, A. and Oxlund, H. (1991) Biosynthetic growth hormone changes the collagen and elastin contents and biomechanical properties of the rat aorta. Acta Endocrinol., 125, pp. 49-57.
40. Gabrilove, J. L., Schwartz, A. and Churg, J. (1962) Effects of hormones on the skin in endocrinologic disorders. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 22, pp. 688-692.
41. Oxlund, H., Jørgensen, P. H., Ørtoft, G. and Andreassen, T. T. (1991) Alterations in the cross-links of skin collagen of rats treated with biosynthetic growth hormone. Conn. Tiss. Res., 26, pp. 65-75.
42. Daly, C. H. (1982) Biomechanical properties of dermis. J. Invest. Dermatol., 79, pp. 17-20.
43. Gilhar, A., Ish-Shalom, S., Pillar, T., Etzioni, A. and Silbermann, M. (1994) Effect of antiinsulin-like growth factor 1 on epidermal proliferation of human skin transplanted onto nude mice treated with growth hormone. Endocrinology, 134, pp. 229-232.
44. Atkins, A. G. and Mai, Y. W. (1985) Elastic and Plastic Fracture. Ellis Horwood, Chichester, England
45. Atkins, A. G. and Mai, Y. W. (1979) On the guillotining of materials. J. Mater. Sci., 14, pp. 2747-2754.
46. Lucas, P. W. (2004) Dental Functional Morphology: How Teeth Work, p. pp. 266. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
47. Lucas, P. W. and Pereira, B. (1990) Estimation of the fracture toughness of leaves. Funct. Ecol., 4, pp. 819-822.
48. Lewis, E. L. V. (1979) An experimental study of end effects in the extensional deformation of polymers. J. Mater. Sci., 14, pp. 2343-2352.
49. Aranwela, N., Sanson, G. and Read, J. (1999) Methods of assessing leaf-fracture properties. New Phytol., 144, pp. 369-393.
50. Palmiter, D., Norstedt, G., Gelinas, R. E., Hammer, R. E. and Brinster, R. L. (1983) Metallothionein-Human GH fusion genes stimulate growth of mice. Science, 222, pp. 809-814.