The Australian Welfare State: Has federalism made a difference?

Australian Journal of Politics and History

Volumn 53, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 96-117

  Castles, Francis G ^a,b   Uhr, John ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

^b AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33847693641     PISSN: 00049522     EISSN: 14678497     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8497.2007.00445.x     Document Type: Review

References (63)

1. Geoffrey Brennan and James M. Buchanan, The Power to Tax: Analytical Foundations of a Fiscal Constitution (Cambridge, 1980).
2. See Ellen Immergut, The Political Construction of Interests: National Health Insurance Politics in Switzerland, France and Sweden, 1930-1970 (New York, 1992);
3. G. Tsebelis, "Decision Making in Political Systems: Veto Players in Presidentialism, Parliamentarianism, Multicameralism and Multipartism", British Journal of Political Science, Vol. 25, 3 (1995), pp 289-325.
4. See H.A.L. Wilensky, The Welfare State and Equality. Structural and Ideological Roots of Public Expenditures (Berkeley, 1975), p. 52;
5. David R. Cameron, "The Expansion of the Public Economy: A Comparative Analysis", American Political Science Review, Vol. 72, 4 (1978), pp. 1243-1261;
6. Francis G. Castles and R. McKinlay, "Does Politics Matter? An Analysis of the Public Welfare Commitment in Advanced Democratic States", European Journal of Political Research, Vol. 7, 2 (1979), pp. 169-86;
7. Evelyne Huber, Charles Ragin and John D. Stephens, "Social Democracy, Christian Democracy, Constitutional Structures, and the Welfare State", American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 99, 3 (November 1993), pp. 711-749.
8. See Herman Schwartz, "Social Democracy Going Down vs. Social Democracy Down Under?", Comparative Politics, Vol. 30 (1998), pp. 253-272;
9. Fritz W. Scharpf, "Economic Changes, Vulnerabilities and Institutional Capabilities" in Fritz W. Scharpf and Vivien A. Schmidt, eds, Welfare and Work in the Open Economy, vol. 1: From Vulnerability to Competitiveness (Oxford, 2000), pp. 21-124.
10. OECD, Social Expenditure Database 1980-2001 (Paris, 2004).
11. Herbert Obinger, Stephan Leibfried, and Francis G. Castles, eds, Federalism and the Welfare State: New World and European Experiences (Cambridge, 2005). This article is a much revised and updated version of the chapter on Australia appearing in that volume.
12. See R. Kent Weaver, "The Politics of Blame Avoidance", Journal of Public Policy, Vol. 6, 3 (1986), pp. 371-398;
13. Paul Pierson, "The New Politics of the Welfare State", World Politics, Vol. 48, 2 (1996), pp. 143-79;
14. Paul Pierson, ed., The New Politics of the Welfare State (Oxford, 2001).
15. See Francis G. Castles, "Social laboratory" in Graeme Davison, John Hirst, and Stuart Macintyre, eds, The Oxford Companion to Australian History (Melbourne, 1998), pp. 592-593.
16. See Marian Sawer, The Ethical State: Social Liberalism in Australia (Melbourne, 2003).
17. George Black, Parliamentary Debates (NSW), Vol. LII (1891), p. 126.
18. rd edn, pp. 148-51.
19. See Brian Galligan, A Federal Republic: Australia's Constitutional System of Government (Cambridge, 1995), p. 174.
20. See Francis G. Castles, The Working Class and Welfare (Sydney, 1985).
21. For details of this and the Commonwealth scheme, see T.H. Kewley, Social Security in Australia: The Development of Social Security and Health Benefits from 1900 to the Present (Sydney, 1965), pp. 43-95.
22. See Helen Bolderson and Deborah Mabbett, "Mongrels or Thoroughbreds: A Cross-National Look at Social Security Systems", European Journal of Political Research, Vol. 28, 1 (1995), pp. 19-39.
23. See Paul Pierson, "Increasing Returns, Path Dependency, and the Study of Politics", American Political Science Review, Vol. 94, 2 (2000), pp. 251-267.
24. P. Whiteford, "The Welfare Expenditure Debate: Economic Myths of the Right and Left Revisited", Economic and Labour Relations Review, Vol. 17, 1 (2006).
25. H.B. Higgins, A New Province for Law and Order: being a review, by its late president for fourteen years, of the Australian court of conciliation and arbitration (London, 1965), p. 3 [Originally published in 1922].
26. Ibid, p.4.
27. G. Greenwood, The Future of Australian Federalism (Melbourne, 1946), p. 298.
28. Ronald Mendelsohn, The Condition of the People (Sydney, 1979), p.44.
29. J. Roe, "Social Policy and the Permanent Poor" in E.L. Wheelwright and K. Buckley, eds, Essays in the Political Economy of Australian Capitalism, Vol. 1 (Sydney, 1975), pp. 130-152, p. 141.
30. See S. Macintyre, Winners and Losers (Sydney, 1985).
31. See Francis G. Castles, "On Sickness Days and Social Policy", Australian and New Zealand Journal of Sociology, Vol. 28, 1 (1992), pp. 29-44.
32. See G. Esping-Andersen, The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism (Cambridge, 1990), p.99.
33. Kewley, Social Security in Australia, p. 34.
34. Ibid., pp. 165-9.
35. M.A. Jones, The Australian Welfare State (Sydney, 1983), pp. 42-44.
36. Commonwealth Grants Commission, Third Report (Canberra, 1936), p. 75.
37. E.M. Gramlich, "'A Fair Go': Fiscal Federal Arrangements" in R.E. Caves and L.B. Krause, eds, The Australian Economy: a View from the North (Washington, D.C., 1984), p. 231.
38. South Australia v Commonwealth (First Uniform Tax Case) 1942. 65 CLR (Commonwealth Law Reports) 373, p.429
39. The Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act, section 51 (xxiiiA).
40. Immergut, The Political Construction of Interests.
41. See R. Watts, The Foundations of the National Welfare State (Sydney, 1987);
42. also Kewley, Social Security in Australia, p. 44.
43. nd edn (London, 1967).
44. Robert Goodin and John Dryzek, "Risk Sharing and Social Justice: The Motivational Foundations of the Post-war Welfare State", British Journal of Political Science, Vol. 16, 1 (1986), pp. 1-34.
45. All social expenditure figures in this paragraph are from OECD, New Orientations for Social Policy (Paris, 1994), [Social Policy Studies no. 12], pp. 57-58.
46. See UNESCO, Unesco Statistical Yearbook (Paris, 1972 and 1981).
47. See Peter Groenewegen, "Federalism" in Allan Patience and Brian Head, eds, From Whitlam to Fraser (Melbourne, 1979), pp. 50-69, pp. 56-57.
48. Jones, The Australian Welfare State, p. 59.
49. See Castles, The Working Class and Welfare, pp. 74-109.
50. See Ronald F. Henderson, "Social Welfare Expenditure" in R.B. Scotton and Helen Ferber, Public Expenditures and Social Policy in Australia, Vol. 1: The Whitlam Years (Melbourne, 1978), pp. 160-178, 167-169.
51. D. Horne, The Lucky Country: Australia in the Sixties (Ringwood, Vic., 1964).
52. OECD, Social Expenditure Database 1980-2001.
53. See Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Australia's Welfare 2005 (Canberra, 2005).
54. See Galligan, A Federal Republic, Chs 3 and 7.
55. See ibid., pp.211-13;
56. D. Munro, "The Role of Performance Measures in a Federal-state Context", Australian Journal of Public Administration, Vol. 61, 1 (2003), pp.70-79;
57. A. Parkin, "The States, Federalism and Political Science: a Fifty Year Appraisal", Australian Journal of Public Administration, Vol. 62, 2 (2003), pp. 101-112.
58. See J. Uhr, "Explicating the Senate", Journal of Legislative Studies, Vol. 8, 3 (2002), pp. 3-26.
59. L. Young, "Minor Parties and the Legislative Process in the Australian Senate", Australian Journal of Political Science, Vol. 34, 1 (1999), pp. 7-27.
60. See N. Gilbert, Transformation of the Welfare State (Oxford, 2002).
61. See Francis G. Castles, "A Farewell to Australia's Welfare State", International Journal of Health Services, Vol. 31, 3 (2002), pp. 537-44.
62. Francis G. Castles, "Australia's Institutions and Australia's Welfare" in Geoffrey Brennan and Francis G. Castles, eds, Australia Reshaped: 200 Years of Institutional Transformation (Cambridge, 2002), pp. 47-49.
63. See S. Richardson, "Regulation of the Labour Market" in S. Richardson, ed., Reshaping the Labour Market: Regulation, Efficiency and Equality in Australia (Cambridge, 1999).