Tackling corruption in the pharmaceutical systems worldwide with courage and conviction

Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Volumn 81, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 445-449

  Cohen, J C ^a   Mrazek, M ^b   Hawkins, L ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^b WORLD BANK   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ILLICIT DRUG;

DRUG COST; DRUG INDUSTRY; DRUG MANUFACTURE; DRUG MARKETING; DRUG TRAFFIC; DRUG UTILIZATION; HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HEALTH CARE SYSTEM; PRESCRIPTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

DOCUMENTATION; DRUG COSTS; DRUG INDUSTRY; DRUG PRESCRIPTIONS; FRAUD; LEGISLATION, DRUG; PHARMACIES; PUBLIC POLICY;

EID: 33847690278     PISSN: 00099236     EISSN: 15326535     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/sj.clpt.6100074     Document Type: Review

References (16)

1. World Health Organization (WHO). WHO Policy Perspectives on Medicines. Equitable Access to Essential Medicines: A Framework for Collective Action (World Health Organization, Geneva, March 2004).
2. World Health Organization (WHO). WHO Medicines Strategy: Countries at the Core 2004-2007 (World Health Organization, Geneva, 2004).
3. Ibid.
4. World Health Organization (WHO). The World Medicines Situation (World Health Organization, Geneva, 2004).
5. World Health Organization (WHO). WHO Public-Private Roles in the Pharmaceutical Sector. Implications for Equitable access and Rational Drug Use. WHO/DAP.97.12. (World Health Organization, Geneva, 1998).
6. See a summary of the top 20 cases at The False Claims Act Legal Centre, available at URL, http://www.taf.org/top20.htm, Accessed 19 June 2006.
7. McPake, B. et al. Informal economic activities of public health workers in Uganda: Implications for quality and accessibility of care. Social Science and Medicine 49, 849-865 (1999).
8. Colitt, R. Brazil probe reveals decade of corruption in health contracts. Financial Times (June 2, 2004).
9. World Health Organization (WHO) [homepage on the Internet]. Studying the Pharmaceutical Area Drug Selection. Available at http://www.who.int/hac/ techguidance/tools/disrupted_sectors/module_11/en/index4.html Accessed 24 August, 2006.
10. Meagher, P., Azfar, O. & Rutherford, D. "Governance in Bulgaria's Pharmaceutical System: A Synthesis of Research Findings" (USAID, College Park, MD, August 2005).
11. WHO Fact Sheet Number 275, Revised February 2006, "Counterfeit Medicines." Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/ fs275/en/.
12. Ibid. Counterfeit Medicines. Available from: http://www.who.int/ mediacentre/factsheets/fs275/en/.
13. US Pharmacopeial Convention Inc. "Mekong Region Takes Action Against Fake Antimalarials" (US Pharmacopeial Convention Inc., Rockville MD, 2005).
14. Cohen, J.C., Cercone, J. & Mayaca, R. Improving Transparency in the Pharmaceutical System: The Case of Costa Rica [internal study]. (World Bank, Washington, DC,October 2002).
15. Baghdadi, G., Cohen, J.C. & Wondemagegnehu, E. Measuring transparency to improve good governance in the public pharmaceutical sector. [Working draft for field testing and revision]. (Departments of Medicines Policy and Standards (PSM) & Ethics, Trade, Human Rights and Health Law (ETH), January 2006).
16. World Bank (2000) Procurement of Health Sector Goods: Technical Note (World Bank and World Health Organization (WHO), Washington, DC) "Counterfeit Medicines" available at http://www.who.int/mediacentre/ factsheets/fs275/en, Accessed 28 June, 2006.