Multicultural tensions in the military? Evidence from the Netherlands armed forces

International Journal of Intercultural Relations

Volumn 31, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 339-361

  Bosman, Femke ^a   Richardson, Rudy ^a   Soeters, Joseph ^a,b  

^a NETHERLANDS DEFENCE ACADEMY   (Netherlands)

^b TILBURG UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Acculturation; Armed forces; Diversity; Diversity policy; Ethnic minorities; Multiculturalism; Netherlands

Indexed keywords

EID: 33847670182     PISSN: 01471767     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2006.07.005     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Adler N.J. International dimensions of organizational behavior (2002), South-Western, Cincinnati, OH
2. Allport G.W. The nature of prejudice. A comprehensive and penetrating study of the origin and nature of prejudice (1958), Anchor Books, Garden City
3. Andeweg R.B., and Irwin G.A. Governance and politics of the Netherlands. 2nd ed. (2005), Palgrave Macmillan, New York
4. Andriessen I., and Phalet K. Acculturation and school success: A study among minority youth in the Netherlands. Intercultural Education 13 1 (2002) 21-36
5. Arends-Tóth J., and Van de Vijver F. Multiculturalism and acculturation: Views of Dutch and Turkish-Dutch. European Journal of Social Psychology 33 (2003) 249-266
6. Ben-Shalom U., and Horenczyk G. Acculturation orientations. A facet theory perspective on the bidimensional model. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 34 2 (2003) 176-188
7. Berry J.W. Fundamental psychological processes in intercultural relations. In: Landis D., Bennett J.M., and Bennett M.J. (Eds). Handbook of Intercultural Training (2004), Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, London, New Delhi 166-184
8. Berry J.W., and Kalin R. Multicultural and ethnic attitudes in Canada: An overview of the 1991 national survey. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science 27 3 (1995) 301-320
9. Berry, J. W., Kalin, R. (1998). Diversity and equity in the Canadian Forces. In: M.R. Dansby (Ed.), Proceedings. 2nd Biennial EO/EEO Research Symposium, December 2-4, 1997, Cocoa Beach, Florida.
10. Berry J.W., Poortinga Y.H., Segall M.H., and Daren P. Cross-cultural psychology. Research and applications (1992), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
11. CBS. (2004). Allochtonen in Nederland (Allochtonous in the Netherlands). Voorburg: CBS.
12. Coenders, M., Lubbers, M., Scheepers, P. (2003). Majorities' Attitudes toward Minorities. In European Union Member States. Results from the standard Eurobarometers 1997-2000-2003. Report 2 for the European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia. Ref.no. 2003/04/01.
13. Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioural sciences (1988), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ
14. Cox T.H. Cultural diversity in organizations: Theory, research & practice (1993), Berrett-Koehler Publishers, San Francisco
15. Dagevos, J., Bierings, H. (2005). Arbeid en inkomen (Labour and Income). In: SCP, WODC & CBS, Jaarrapport Integratie 2005 (Annual Report Integration 2005). Den Haag, Voorburg: Centraal Cultureel Planbureau, Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek- en Documentatiecentrum en Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek.
16. Dansby M., and Landis D. Measuring equal opportunity climate in the military environment. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 15 (1991) 389-405
17. Dansby M., and Landis D. Race, gender and representation index as predictors of an equal opportunity climate in military organizations. Military psychology 102 (1998) 87-105
18. Douglas M. Natural symbols. Explorations in cosmology (1973), Penguin, London
19. Emancipation letter (Beleidsbrief Emancipatie Defensie) (Looking beyond today). (1997). Verder kijken dan vandaag. Den Haag: Ministerie van Defensie.
20. Enloe C.H. Ethnic soldiers. State security in divided societies (1980), The University of Georgia Press, Athens
21. Fiske S.T. Social beings. A core motives approach to social psychology (2004), Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ
22. Gijsberts, M. (2005). Opvattingen van autochtonen en allochtonen over de multi-etnische samenleving (Views of autochthons and allochtonous about the multi-ethnic society). In SCP, WODC & CBS, Jaarrapport Integratie 2005 (Annual Report Integration 2005). Den Haag, Voorburg: Centraal Cultureel Planbureau, Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek- en Documentatiecentrum en Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek.
23. Knouse S.B., and Dansby M.R. Recent diversity research at the Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute (DEOMI) 1992-1996. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 24 (2000) 203-225
24. Lelyveld J. The strange case of chaplain Yee. The New York Review of Books, LII 20 (2005) 8-14
25. Lijphart A. The politics of accommodation: Pluralism and democracy in the Netherlands (1968), University of California Press, Berkeley
26. Miller L., and Moskos C. Humanitarians or warriors? Race, gender, and combat status in operation 'Restore Hope'. Armed Forces & Society 21 4 (1995) 615-637
27. Ministry of Defence, (2004). Personeelsbrief (Personnel Letter), released 21 September 2004.
28. Navas M., García M.C., Sánchez J., Rojas A.J., Pumaras P., and Fernández J.S. Relative Acculturation Extended Model (RAEM): New contributions with regard to the study of acculturation. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 29 (2005) 21-37
29. Olivas-Luján M.R., Harzing A.-W., and McCoy S. September 11, 2001: Two quasi-experiments on the influence of threats on cultural values and cosmopolitanism. International Journal of Cross-cultural Management 4 2 (2004) 211-228
30. Pfeffer J., and Sutton R.I. The knowing-doing gap. How smart companies turn knowledge into action (2000), Harvard Business School Press, Boston
31. Pyszczynski T., Solomon S., and Greenberg J. In the Wake of 9/11. The Psychology of Terror (2003), American Psychological Association, Washington DC
32. Selmeski, B. R. (2007). Indigenous Integration to the Bolivian and Ecuadorian Armed Forces. In: J. Soeters, J. van der Meulen (Eds.), Cultural diversity in the armed forces. An international comparison (pp. 84-112). Abingdon: Routledge.
33. Shadid W., and van Koningsveld S. Dutch political views on the multicultural society. In: Shadid W.A.R., and van Koningsveld P.S. (Eds). Muslims in the margin: Political responses to the presence of islam in Western Europe (1996), Kok Pharos, Kampen 93-113
34. Socio-Cultural Planning agency (SCP). (2004). Sociaal Cultureel Rapport 2004 (Socio-Cultural Report 2004).
35. Soeters J. Ethnic conflicts and terrorism. The origins and dynamics of civil wars (2005), Routledge, Abingdon
36. Soeters J., Boughmari A., and Richardson R. Islam en de Nederlandse krijgsmacht. (Islam and the Dutch Armed Forces). Militaire Spectator 5 (2005) 228-237
37. Soeters, J. & van der Meulen, J. (Eds.) (2007). Cultural diversity in the armed forces. An international comparison. Abingdon: Routledge.
38. Stephan W.G., and Stephan C.W. Predicting Prejudice. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 20 3/4 (1996) 409-426
39. Tajfel H., and Turner J. An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In: Austin W.G., and Worchel S. (Eds). The social psychology of intergroup relations (1979), Brooks/Cole, Monterey, CA 33-47
40. Thomas R.R. Beyond race and gender. Unleashing the power of your total work force by managing diversity (1991), Amacom, New York
41. Verkuyten M., Hagendoorn L., and Masson C. The ethnic hierarchy among majority and minority youth in the Netherlands. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 26 12 (1996) 1104-1118
42. Williams K., and O'Reilly C. Demography and diversity in organizations. A review of 40 years of research. Organizational Behavior 20 (1998) 77-140
43. Zick A., Wagner U., van Dick R., and Petzel T. Acculturation and prejudice in Germany: Majority and minority perspectives. Journal of Social Issues 57 3 (2001) 541-557