Homodyne phase-shift-keying systems: Past challenges and future opportunities

Journal of Lightwave Technology

Volumn 24, Issue 12, 2006, Pages 4876-4884

  Kazovsky, Leonid G ^a   Kalogerakis, Georgios ^a   Shaw, Wei Tao ^a  

^a Stanford University   (United States)

Author keywords

Coherent detection; Homodyne detection; Phase shift keying (PSK); Receiver sensitivity; Spectral efficiency

Indexed keywords

COMPUTER SIMULATION; OPTICAL RECEIVERS; OPTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING; PHASE SHIFT KEYING;

COHERENT DETECTION; HOMODYNE DETECTION; OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS; RECEIVER SENSITIVITY; SPECTRAL EFFICIENCY;

OPTICAL COMMUNICATION;

EID: 33847655543     PISSN: 07338724     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2006.883692     Document Type: Review

References (61)

1. L. G. Kazovsky, S. Benedetto, and A. Willner, Optical Fiber Communication Systems. Norwood, MA: Artech House, 1996.
2. G. P. Agrawal, Fiber-Optic Communication Systems. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2002.
3. L. G. Kazovsky and D. A. Atlas, "A 1320-nm experimental optical phase-locked loop: Performance investigation and PSK homodyne experiments at 140 Mb/s and 2 Gb/s," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 8, no. 9, pp. 1414-1425, Sep. 1990.
4. J. M. Kahn et al., "4-Gb/s PSK homodyne transmission system using phase-locked semiconductor lasers," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 285-287, Apr. 1990.
5. J. M. Kahn et al., "BPSK homodyne detection experiment using balanced optical phase-locked loop with quantized feedback," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 2, no. 11, pp. 840-843, Nov. 1990.
6. S. Norimatsu et al., "PSK optical homodyne detection using external cavity laser diodes in Costas loop," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 374-376, May 1990.
7. K. Yonenaga and K. Hagimoto, "10-Gbit/s x four-channel WDM transmission experiment over 2400-km DSF using optical DPSK direct detection scheme," presented at the Optical Fiber Commun., Dallas, TX, 1997, Paper ThS2.
8. A. H. Gnauck and P. J. Winzer, "Optical phase-shift-keyed transmission," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 115-130, Jan. 2005.
9. C. Xu, X. Liu, and X. Wei, "Differential phase-shift keying for high spectral efficiency optical transmissions," IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 281-293, Mar./Apr. 2004.
10. J. M. Kahn and K.-P. Ho, "Spectral efficiency limits and modulation/ detection techniques for DWDM systems," IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 259-272, Mar./Apr. 2004.
11. R. F. Kalman et al., "Dynamic range of coherent analog fiber-optic links," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 1263-1277, Jul. 1994.
12. L. G. Kazovsky, "Decision-driven phase-locked loop for optical homodyne receivers: Performance analysis and laser linewidth requirements," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. LT-3, no. 6, pp. 1238-1247, Dec. 1985.
13. L. G. Kazovsky, "Balanced phase-locked loops for optical homodyne receivers: Performance analysis, design considerations, and laser linewidth requirements," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. LT-4, no. 2, pp. 182-195, Feb. 1986.
14. S. Huang and L. Wang, "Exact evaluation of laser linewidth requirements for optical PSK homodyne communication systems with balanced PLL receivers," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 661-664, May 1996.
15. L. G. Kazovsky, "Phase- and polarization-diversity coherent optical techniques," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 279-292, Feb. 1989.
16. L. G. "Performance analysis and laser linewidth requirements for optical PSK heterodyne communications systems," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. LT-4, no. 2, pp. 415-425, Apr. 1986.
17. K. Kikuchi et al., "Degradation of bit-error rate in coherent optical communications due to spectral spread of the transmitter and the local oscillator," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. LT-2, no. 6, pp. 1024-1033, Dec. 1984.
18. L. G. Kazovsky and O. K. Tonguz, "ASK and FSK coherent lightwave systems: A simplified approximate analysis," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 338-352, Mar. 1990.
19. J. J. O. Pires and J. R. F. da Rocha, "Performance analysis of DPSK direct detection optical systems in the presence of interferometric intensity noise," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 10, no. 11, pp. 1722-1730, Nov. 1992.
20. J. R. Barry and J. M. Kahn, "Carrier synchronization for homodyne and heterodyne detection of optical quadriphase-shift keying," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 10, no. 12, pp. 1939-1951, Dec. 1992.
21. S. Savory and A. Hadjifotiou, "Laser linewidth requirements for optical DQPSK systems," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 930-932, Mar. 2004.
22. O. K. Tonguz and R. E. Wagner, "Equivalence between preamplified direct detection and heterodyne receivers," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 3, no. 9, pp. 835-837, Sep. 1991.
23. S. Norimatsu and K. Iwashita, "Linewidth requirements for optical synchronous detection systems with nonnegligible loop delay time," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 341-349, Mar. 1992.
24. I. Garrett et al., "Impact of phase noise in weakly coherent systems: A new and accurate approach," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 329-337, Mar. 1990.
25. G. J. Foschini et al., "Noncoherent detection of coherent lightwave signals corrupted by phase noise," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 306-314, Mar. 1988.
26. S. Yamazaki and K. Emura, "Feasibility study on QPSK optical-heterodyne detection system," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 8, no. 11, pp. 1646-1653, Nov. 1990.
27. S. Norimatsu, "Optimum optical power splitting ratio of decision driven phase-locked loop in BPSK optical homodyne receiver," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 13, no. 11, pp. 2183-2190, Nov. 1995.
28. S. Norimatsu, "10 Gb/s optical PSK homodyne transmission experiments using external cavity DFB LDs," Electron. Lett., vol. 26, no. 10, pp. 648-649, May 1990.
29. L. G. Kazovsky et al., "Wide-linewidth phase diversity homodyne receivers," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 6, no. 10, pp. 1527-1536, Oct. 1988.
30. A. W. Davis et al., "Phase diversity techniques for coherent optical receivers," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. LT-5, no. 4, pp. 561-572, Apr. 1987.
31. T. Okoshi and Y. H. Cheng, "Four-port homodyne receiver for optical fiber communications comprising phase and polarization diversities," Electron. Lett., vol. 23, pp. 377-378, 1987.
32. L. D. Tzeng et al., "Polarization-insensitive coherent receiver using a double balanced optical hybrid system," Electron. Lett., vol. 23, pp. 1195-1196, 1987.
33. C. Xu et al., "Differential phase-shift keying for high spectral efficiency optical transmissions," IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 281-293, Mar./Apr. 2004.
34. A. H. Gnauck et al., "Demonstration of 42.7-Gb/s DPSK receiver with 45 photons/bit sensitivity," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 99-101, Jan. 2003.
35. J.-X. Cai et al., "RZ-DPSK field trial over 13, 100 km of installed non slope-matched submarine fibers," presented at the Optical Fiber Commun. Conf., Los Angeles, CA, 2004, Paper PDP34.
36. A. H. Gnauck et al., "6 × 42.7-Gb/s transmission over ten 200-km EDFA-amplified SSMF spans using polarization-alternating RZ-DPSK," presented at the Optical Fiber Commun. Conf., Los Angeles, CA, 2004, Paper PDP35.
37. G. Charlet et al., "WDM transmission at 6 Tb/s capacity over transatlantic distance, using 42.7 Gb/s differential phase-shift keying without pulse carver," presented at the Optical Fiber Commun. Conf., Los Angeles, CA, 2004, Paper PDP36.
38. L. Becouarn et al., "42 × 42.7 Gb/s RZ-DPSK transmission over a 4820 km long NZDSF deployed line C-band-only EDFAs," presented at the Optical Fiber Commun. Conf., Los Angeles, CA, 2004, Paper PDP37.
39. N. Yoshikane and I. Morita, "1.14 b/s/Hz spectrally-efficient 50 × 84.5 Gb/s transmission over 300 km using copolared CS-RZ DQPSK signals," presented at the Optical Fiber Commun. Conf., Los Angeles, CA, 2004, Paper PDP38.
40. S. L. Jansen et al., "10, 200 km 22 × 2 × 10 Gb/s RZ-DQPSK dense WDM transmission without inline dispersion compensation through optical phase conjugation," presented at the Optical Fiber Commun. Conf., Los Angeles, CA, 2005, Paper PDP37.
41. S. Bhandare et al., "5.94-Tb/s 1.49-b/s/Hz (40 × 2 × 2 × 40 Gb/s) RZ-DQPSK polarization-division multiplex C-band transmission over 324 km," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 914-916, Apr. 2005.
42. F. Ghirardi et al., "InP-based 10-GHz bandwidth polarization diversity heterodyne photoreceiver with electrooptical adjustability," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 6, no. 7, pp. 814-816, Jul. 1994.
43. M. Hamacher et al., "Fabrication of a heterodyne receiver OEIC with optimized integration process using three MOVPE growth steps only," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 75-77, Jan. 1996.
44. L. Wang et al., "Counterreceiving heterodyne detection with an integrated coherent transceiver and its applications in bandwidth-on-demand access networks," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 17, no. 10, pp. 1724-1731, Oct. 1999.
45. M. H. Shih et al., "Integrated coherent transceivers for broad-band access networks," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 9, no. 11, pp. 1526-1528, Nov. 1997.
46. E.-J. Bachus et al., "Coherent optical systems implemented for business traffic routing and access: The RACE COBRA project," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 1309-1319, Jun. 1996.
47. U. Hilbk et al., "First system experiments with a monolithically integrated tunable polarization diversity heterodyne receiver OEIC on InP," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 129-131, Jan. 1995.
48. S. Norimatsu et al., "An optical 90°-hybrid balanced receiver module using a planar lightwave circuit," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 737-739, Jun. 1995.
49. 3 optical 90° hybrid," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 16, no. 7, pp. 1727-1729, Jul. 2004.
50. F. Derr, "Coherent optical QPSK intradyne system: Concept and digital receiver realization," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 10, no. 9, pp. 1290-1296, Sep. 1992.
51. M. G. Taylor, "Coherent detection method using DSP for demodulation of signal and subsequent equalization of propagation impairments," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 674-676, Feb. 2004.
52. D.-S. Ly-Gagnon et al., "Unrepeated 210-km transmission with coherent detection and digital signal processing of 20-Gb/s QPSK signal," presented at the Optical Fiber Commun. Conf., Anaheim, CA, 2005, Paper OTuL4.
53. R. Noé, "PLL-free synchronous QPSK polarization multiplex/diversity receiver concept with digital I&Q baseband processing," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 887-889, Apr. 2005.
54. M. G. Taylor, "Accurate digital phase estimation process for coherent detection using a parallel digital processor," presented at the Euro. Conf. Optical Commun., Glasgow, U.K., 2005, Paper Tu4.2.6.
55. R. Noé, "Phase noise-tolerant synchronous QPSK/BPSK baseband-type intradyne receiver concept with feedforward carrier recovery," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 802-808, Feb. 2005.
56. T. H. Lee et al., "A 2.5 V CMOS delay-locked loop for 18 Mbit, 500 megabyte/s DRAM," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 29, no. 21, pp. 1491-1496, Dec. 1994.
57. B. Razavi, Design of Integrated Circuits for Optical Communications. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2003.
58. V. W. S. Chan, "Optical space communications," IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron., vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 959-975, Nov./Dec. 2000.
59. X. Zhu and J. M. Khan, "Free-space optical communication through atmospheric turbulence channels," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 50, no. 8, pp. 1293-1300, Aug. 2002.
60. J. P. Gordon and L. F. Mollenauer, "Phase noise in photonic communications systems using linear amplifiers," Opt. Lett., vol. 15, no. 23, pp. 1351-1355, Dec. 1990.
61. K.-P. Ho and J. M. Kahn, "Electronic compensation technique to mitigate nonlinear phase noise," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 779-783, Mar. 2004.