Nephrologist extraordinary - Michael Darmady (1906-1989)

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation

Volumn 22, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 715-721

  Cameron, J Stewart ^a,b  

^a GUY S HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b Elm Bank   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Acute renal failure; Experimental polycystic kidney disease; History of haemodialysis; History of nephrology; Nephron microdissection; Renal morphology in old age; Sterilization

Indexed keywords

ACUTE KIDNEY FAILURE; AGING; ARTICLE; ARTIFICIAL KIDNEY; AUTORADIOGRAPHY; CAREER; CROSS INFECTION; HEMODIALYSIS; HEPATITIS; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; INSTRUMENT STERILIZATION; KIDNEY POLYCYSTIC DISEASE; KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION; LIVER FIBROSIS; MEDICAL RESEARCH; MEDICAL SPECIALIST; MICRODISSECTION; MORPHOLOGY; NEPHROLOGY; NEPHRON; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

ENGLAND; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HUMANS; KIDNEY DISEASES; NEPHROLOGY; PORTRAITS; RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY;

EID: 33847648472     PISSN: 09310509     EISSN: 14602385     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfl778     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Polak A. Darmady, Edward Michael. Munk's Roll. Royal College of Physicians, London Vol. IX 1994, pp. 114-116
2. Anonymous. The Lancet 1989; ii: 1111
3. Anonymous. Br Med J 1989; 299: 1095
4. Anonymous. The Times. 28 September 1989. Obituary
5. Anonymous. Daily Telegraph 15 September 1989. Obituary
6. Anonymous. The Independent 26 September 1989. Obituary
7. Darmady J. Personal Communications to JSC, 2001, May 2006 and papers of EMD held by family
8. In the introduction to his 1946 application to the MRC, Darmady states' In 1937 ... the Council provided him with part-time personal expenses grants for experimental work on hepato-lienal fibrosis'
9. Bywaters EGL, Beall D. Crush injuries with impairment of renal function. Br Med J 1941; i: 427-432
10. Cameron JS. The rise of the concept of acute renal failure. Ch. 10. In: History of the Treatment of Renal Failure by Dialysis. Oxford University Press, Oxford: 2002; pp. 110-119.
11. See also: The first practical haemodialysis machines. Ch. 8, pp. 74-94
12. Grant application to MRC. Application by Dr EM Darmady... for a grant of up to £200 per annum for technical assistance and current expenses, with up to £75 for non-recurrent expenditure. Darmady papers, held by his family
13. Darmady EM, Siddons AHM, Coson C et al. Traumatic uraemia. Reports on eight cases. Lancet 1944; ii: 809-812
14. Darmady EM. Renal anoxia and the traumatic uraemia syndrome. Br J Surg 1946-47; 34: 262-271
15. Badenoch AW, Darmady EM. The effects of temporary occlusion of the renal artery in rabbits and its relationship to traumatic uraemia. J Pathol Bact 1947; 59: 79.
16. See also Badenoch AW, Darmady EM. The effect of stroma-free haemoglobin on the ischaemic kidney of the rabbit. Br J Exp Pathol 1948; 29: 215-223
17. Darmady EM. Traumatic uraemia. A collective review. J Bone & Joint Surg 1948; 30B: 309-321
18. Kolff WJ, Berk HTHJ, ter Welle M, van der Leg JW, van Dijk EC, van Noordwijk J. The artificial kidney: A dialyser with great area. Acta Med Scand 1944; 117: 121-134
19. Darmady EM. Dialysis of blood for the treatment of uraemia (precis). Proc Roy Soc Med 1948; 41: 418-419
20. Reid R. Transperitoneal dialysis. Proc Roy Soc Med 1948; 41: 418
21. Bywaters EGL Joekes AM. The artificial kidney: Its clinical application in the treatment of traumatic anuria. Proc Roy Soc Med 1948; 41: 420-426
22. A film of Darmady's machine in use is now in the Science Museum in London (Dr Ghislaine Lawrence), and a copy is now also filed in the Video Archive of the International Society of Nephrology. This is probably the earliest film of any dialysis machine in action that we possess - Kolff's film of his dialyser in use dates from 1949. In the precis paper of 1948, abstracts of the three papers given in the session are printed first and separately in English, French and Russian. Darmady (Darmady EM. Abstract. Proc Roy Soc Med 1948; 41: 410) wrote in this abstract: '...but the [rotating drum] machine is bulky, and in spite of this careful control of blood flow the cellophane tube may expand and allow accumulation of blood. We have therefore developed a second and more compact machine, in which the cellophane tubing is run though a series of plates, the dialyzing fluid being injected by a series of ports in the centre of the plates. In this way the same sized dialysing surface can be compressed into a machine 18 inches [45 cm] long and nine inches [23 cm] high, and at the same time the volume of blood in the machine cannot be increased.' This machine is not discussed in the main paper [17], however, which Darmady still described as a 'precis'
23. Unfortunately we do not know exactly when Darmady first used his dialyser on a patient. The application to the MRC for funds to construct it [14] is dated 15 November 1946; while a copy of the photograph reproduced in the 1948 precis [17] (Figure 2A) and found in Darmady's papers has, written on the back in ink 'general view of the apparatus in use' and the date 'January 1948'. Thus, it seems most likely that it was first used some time during 1947. Bywaters and Jockes [20] used their machine donated by Kolff clinically from October 1946 (see Ch. 11 of reference [10] for further discussion of early haemodialyses)
24. Darmady EM, Bull GM, Miller A, Sophian GJ, Paramore RH. Discussion on the treatment of anuria. Proc Roy Soc Med 1952; 45: 844-856.
25. See also, Dible JH, Bull GM, Darmady EM. Ácute tubular necrosis. Br Med J 1950; i: 1262-126,
26. and Darmady ME. The renal changes anuria following medical conditions. Proc Roy Soc Med 1957; 50: 498-500
27. Darmady EM. Bed-weighing machine. Lancet 1954; 267: 689
28. Toynbee J. On the intimate structure of the human kidney and on the changes its several component parts undergo in Bright's disease. Med-Chir Trans 1846; 29: 304-326
29. Oliver J, MacDowell M, Tracy A. The pathogenesis of acute renal failure associated with traumatic and toxic injury. Renal ischemia, nephrotoxic damage and the ischemuric episode. J Clin Invest 1951; 30: 1307-1351
30. Clay RD, Darmady EM, Hawkins M. The nature of the renal lesion in the Fanconi syndrome. J Pathol Bact 1953; 65: 551-558
31. Darmady EM, Offer J, Prince J, Stranack F. The proximal convoluted tubule in the renal handing of water. Lancet 1964; ii: 1254-1257.
32. References 26 and 27 form the basis of the article: Darmady EM. Renal lesions in relation to aminoaciduria and water diuresis. In: Lewis AA, Wolstenholme GEW, eds. CIBA Foundation Symposium on The Kidney. Churchill, London: 1953; pp. 27-37
33. Darmady EM, Griffiths WJ, Spencer H, Mattingly D, Stranack F, de Wardener HE. Renal tubular failure associated with polyarteritis nodosa. Lancet 1955; i: 378-383
34. Darmady EM, Dempster WJ, Stranack F. The evolution of interstitial and tubular changes in homotransplanted kidneys. J Pathol Bact 1955; 70: 225-31
35. Darmady EM, Offer JM, Stranack F. Study of renal vessels by microdissection in human transplantation. Br Med J 1964; ii: 976-978
36. Giles HM, Pugh RC, Darmady EM, Stranack F, Woolf LI. The nephrotic syndrome of early infancy: A report of three cases. Arch Dis Child 1957; 32: 167-180
37. Burston J, Darmady EM, Stranack F. Nephrosis due to mercurial diuretics. Br Med J 1958; 14: 1277-1279
38. Darmady EM, Stranack F. Microdissection of the nephron in disease. Br Med Bull 1957; 13: 21-26
39. Darmady EM, Stranack F. Autoradiography of the isolated nephron. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1959; 100: 658-660
40. 131I pitressin in the kidney by autoradiography. Clin Sci. 1960; 19: 229-241
41. 2 in the nephron. Clin Sci. 1961; 20: 185-195
42. 3H within the kidney. Clin Sci 1962; 22: 295-300
43. Wolstenholme GEW, Cameron MP. Ciba Foundation Symposium on Renal Biopsy. Churchill, London: 1961
44. Darmady EM, Offer J Woodhouse MA. The parameters of the ageing kidney. J Pathol 1973; 109: 195-207
45. Darmady EM. Transplantation and the ageing kidney. Lancet 1974; ii: 1046-1047
46. Darmady EM, Offer J, Woodhouse MA. Toxic metabolic defect in polycystic disease of the kidney. Evidence from microscope studies. Lancet 1970; i: 547-550
47. McGeoch JE, Woodhouse MA, Darmady EM. Experimental infantile polycystic kidney disease in rats. The influence of age and sex. Br J Exp Pathol. 1972; 53: 322-340
48. McGeoch JE, Darmady EM. Experimental infantile polycystic disease. J Pathol. 1973; 109: X-xi
49. McGeoch JE, Darmady EM. Enzyme changes in experimental renal microcystic disease. Br J Exp Pathol 1973; 54: 555-565
50. Darmady EM, McIver AG. Renal Pathology. Butterworths, London: 1980
51. Darmady EM, Hardwick C. Syringe transmitted hepatitis. Lancet 1945; ii: 106-107
52. Darmady EM, Hughes KE, Jones JD, Prince D, Tuke W. Sterilization by dry heat. J Clin Patho 1961; 1: 38-44
53. Darmady EM, Hughes KE, Jones JD, Prince D, Verdon P. The disinfection of bedpans. J Clin Pathol 1961; 14: 66-68
54. Hughes KE, Darmady EM, Drewitt SE. Terminal disinfection of infant feeds. J Clin Pathol 1966; 19: 321-324
55. Darmady EM, Hughes KE, Tuke W. Sterilization of syringes by infra-red radiation. J Clin Pathol 1957; 10: 198-292
56. Darmady EM, Hughes KE, Burt MM, Freeman BM, Powell DB. Radiation sterilization. J Clin Pathol 1961; 14: 55-58
57. Darmady EM, Davenport SGJ. Haematological techniques for medical laboratory technicians and medical students. London, Churchill: 1961