The Description and Classification of Diabetic Foot Lesions: Systems for Clinical Care, for Research and for Audit

The Foot in Diabetes: Fourth Edition

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 92-107

  Jeffcoate, William J ^a   Game, Fran L ^a  

^a NOTTINGHAM CITY HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

'at risk' foot ulcers, lesions and wounds; Component datasets; Deformity, co morbidity and unrelated disease in foot ulcers; Diabetic foot lesions; Multiple ulcers or lesions; Neuropathy Disability Score (NDS) and neuropathy; Peripheral arterial disease and foot ulcer; Routine clinical care, research and audit systems of classification; S(AD) SAD system; Wound bed appearance

Indexed keywords

EID: 33847624562     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/0470029374.ch7     Document Type: Chapter

References (37)

1. Reiber GE, Vileikyte L, Boyko EJ, et al. Causal pathways for incident lower-extremity ulcers in patients with diabetes from two settings. Diabetes Care 1999;22:157-162.
2. Jeffcoate WJ, Harding KG. Diabetic foot ulcers. Lancet 2003;361:1545-1551.
3. Boulton AJ. The diabetic foot: from art to scienc. The 18th Camillo Golgi Lecture. Diabetologia 2004;47:1343-1353.
4. Singh N, Armstrong DG, Lipsky BA. Preventing foot ulcers in patients with diabetes. JAMA 2005;293:217-228.
5. Pecoraro RE, Reiber GE. Classification of wounds in diabetic amputees. Wounds 1990;2:65-73.
6. Jeffcoate WJ, Macfarlane RM, Fletcher EM. The description and classification of diabetic foot lesions. Diabet Med 1993;10:676-679.
7. Macfarlane RM, Jeffcoate WJ. Factors contributing to the presentation of foot ulcers. Diabet Med 1997;14:867-870.
8. Armstrong DG, Lavery LA, Harkless LB. Validation of a diabetic wound classification system: contribution of depth, infection, and vascular disease to the risk of amputation. Diabetes Care 1998;21:855-859.
9. Armstrong DG, Peters EJ. Classification of wounds of the diabetic foot. Curr Diabetes Rep 2001;1:233-238.
10. Schaper NC. Diabetic foot ulcer classification system for research purposes: a progress report on criteria for including patients in research studies. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2004;20:S90-S95.
11. Peters EJ, Lavery LA. Effectiveness of the diabetic foot risk classification of the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot. Diabetes Care 2001;24:1442-1447.
12. Malgrange D, Richard JL, Leymarie F, for the FrenchWorking Group on the Diabetic Foot. Screening diabetic patients at risk for foot ulceration. A multi-centre hospital-based study in France. Diabet Metab 2003;29:261-268.
13. Apelqvist J, Castenfors J, Larsson J, Stenstrom A, Agardh CD.Wound classification is more important than site of ulceration in the outcome of diabetic foot ulcers. Diabet Med 1989;6:526-530.
14. Oyibo SO, Jude EB, Tarawneh I, et al. The effects of ulcer size and site, patient's age, sex and type and duration of diabetes on the outcomes of diabetic foot ulcers. Diabet Med 2001;18:133-138.
15. de Heus-van Putten MA, Schaper NC, Bakker K. The clinical examination of the diabetic foot in daily practise. Diabet Med 1996;13:S55-S57.
16. Abbott CA, Carrington AL, Ashe H, et al. The North-West Diabetes Foot Care Study: incidence of, and risk factors for, new diabetic foot ulceration in a community-based patient cohort. Diabet Med 2002;19:377-384.
17. Apelqvist J, Larsson J, Agardh CD. The importance of peripheral pulses, peripheral oedema and local pain for the outcome of diabetic foot ulcers. Diabet Med 1990;7:590-594.
18. Edelman D, Hough DM, Glazebrook KN, Oddone EZ. Prognostic value of the clinical examination of the diabetic foot ulcer. J Gen Intern Med 1997;12:537-543.
19. Treece KA, Macfarlane RM, Pound P, Game FL, Jeffcoate WJ. Validation of a system of foot ulcer classification in diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 2004;21:987-991.
20. Carrington AL, Shaw JE, Van Schie CH, Abbott CA, Vileikyte L, Boulton AJ. Can motor nerve conduction velocity predict foot problems in diabetic subjects over a 6-year outcome period? Diabetes Care 2002;25:2010-2015.
21. Ubbink DT, Spincemaille GH, Reneman RS, Jacobs MJ. Prediction of imminent amputation in patients with non-reconstructible leg ischemia by means of microcirculatory investigations. J Vasc Surg 1999;30:114-121.
22. Jorneskog G, Djavani K, Brismar K. Day-to-day variability of transcutaneous oxygen tension in patients with diabetes mellitus and peripheral arterial occlusive disease. J Vasc Surg 2001;34:277-282.
23. Pham H, Armstrong DG, Harvey C, Harkless LB, Giurini JM, Veves A. Screening techniques to identify people at high risk for diabetic foot ulceration: a prospective multicenter trial. Diabetes Care 2000;23:606-611.
24. Young MJ, Breddy JL, Veves A, Boulton AJ. The prediction of diabetic neuropathic foot ulceration using vibration perception thresholds. A prospective study. Diabetes Care 1994;17:557-560.
25. International Consensus on the Diabetic Foot: Practical Guidelines (book on CD-ROM). Noordwijkerhuit, the Netherlands: International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot; 1999.
26. McGill M, Molyneaux L, Spencer R, Heng LF, Yue DK. Possible sources of discrepancies in the use of the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament. Impact on prevalence of insensate foot and workload requirements. Diabetes Care 1999;22:598-602.
27. Perkins BA, Olaleye D, Zinman B, Bril V. Simple screening tests for peripheral neuropathy in the diabetes clinic. Diabetes Care 2001;24:250-256.
28. Arrezzo JC. Newdevelopments in the diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy. Am J Med 1999;107:9S-16S.
29. Lipsky BA. Diagnosing and treating diabetic foot infections. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2004;20:S56-S64.
30. Schultz GS, Sibbald RG, Falanga V, et al. Wound bed preparation: a systematic approach to wound management. Wound Repair Regen 2003;11:1-28.
31. Taylor RJ. 'Mouseyes': an aid to wound measurement using a computer. Wound Care 1997;6:123-126.
32. Meggitt B. Surgical management of the diabetic foot. Br J Hosp Med 1976;16:227-232.
33. Wagner FW. The dysvascular foot: a system for diagnosis and treatment. Foot and Ankle 1981;2:64-122.
34. Oyibo SO, Jude EB,Tarawneh I, Nguyen HC, Harkless LB, Boulton AJ.Acomparison of two diabetic foot ulcer classifciation systems: the Wagner and the University of Texas wound classification systems. Diabetes Care 2001;24:84-88.
35. Zimny S, Pfohl M. Healing times and prediction of wound healing in neuropathic diabetic foot ulcers: a prospective study. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2005;113:90-93.
36. Venkatesan P, Lawn S, Macfarlane RM, Fletcher EM, Finch RG, Jeffcoate WJ. Conservative management of osteomyelitis in the feet of diabetic patients. Diabet Med 1997;14:487-490.
37. Jeffcoate WJ, Lipsky BA. Controversies in diagnosing and managing osteomyelitis in diabetes. Clin Infect Dis 2004;39:S115-S122.