A functional-structural model for growth of clonal bunchgrasses

Ecological Modelling

Volumn 202, Issue 3-4, 2007, Pages 243-264

  Tomlinson, Kyle W ^a   Dominy, James G ^a   Hearne, John W ^b   O'Connor, Timothy G ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU NATAL   (South Africa)

^b RMIT UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^c UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Plant architecture; Plant growth; Plant model; Resource allocation; Themeda triandra

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; COMPUTER SIMULATION; ECOLOGY; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; RESOURCE ALLOCATION;

PLANT ARCHITECTURE; PLANT GROWTH; PLANT MODEL; THEMEDA TRIANDRA;

PLANTS (BOTANY);

C4 PLANT; CLONAL ORGANISM; ECOLOGICAL MODELING; GRASS; GROWTH; PLANT ARCHITECTURE; RESOURCE ALLOCATION;

THEMEDA TRIANDRA;

EID: 33847610652     PISSN: 03043800     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.11.002     Document Type: Article

References (115)

1. Acevedo M.F., and Raventos J. Growth dynamics of three tropical savanna grass species: an individual-module model. Ecol. Modell. 154 (2002) 45-60
2. Acock B., and Reynolds J.F. Introduction: modularity in plant models. Ecol. Modell. 94 (1997) 1-6
3. Aerts R. Nutrient resorption from senescing leaves of perennials: are there general patterns?. J. Ecol. 84 (1996) 597-608
4. Aerts R., and Chapin III F.S. The mineral nutrition of wildplants revisited: a re-evaluation of processes and patterns. Adv. Ecol. Res. 30 (2000) 1-67
5. Allen M.T., Prusinkiewicz P., and DeJong T.M. Using L-systems for modelling source-sink interactions, architecture and physiology of growing trees: the L-PEACH model. New Phytologist 166 (2005) 869-880
6. Alpert P. Effects of clonal integration on plant plasticity in Fragaria chiloensis. Plant Ecol. 141 (1999) 99-106
7. 2. Am. J. Bot. 78 (1991) 1459-1466
8. Andrews M., Raven J.A., and Sprent J.I. Environmental effects on dry matter partitioning between shoot and root of crop plants: relations with growth and shoot protein concentration. Ann. Appl. Biol. 138 (2001) 57-68
9. Anten N.P.R., and Ackerly D.D. A new method of growth analysis for plants that experience periodic losses of leaf mass. Funct. Ecol. 15 (2001) 804-811
10. Ariovich D., and Cresswell C.F. The effect of nitrogen on starch accumulation in two varieties of Panicum maximum Jacq. Plant Cell Environ. 6 (1983) 657-664
11. Bain A.B., and Attridge T.H. Shade-light mediated responses in field and hedgerow populations of Galium aparine L. J. Exp. Bot. 39 (1988) 1759-1764
12. Bangerth F. Dominance among fruits/sinks and the search for a correlative signal. Physiol. Plant. 76 (1989) 608-614
13. Bangerth F., Li C.-J., and Gruber J. Mutual interaction of auxin and cytokinins in regulating correlative dominance. Plant Growth Regul. 32 (2000) 205-217
14. Bell A.D. Plant Form: An Illustrated Guide To Flowering Plant Morphology (1991), Oxford University Press, Oxford
15. Birch H.F. The effect of soil drying on humus decomposition and nitrogen availability. Plant Soil 10 (1958) 9-31
16. Blair J.M., Seastedt T.R., Rice C.W., and Ramundo R.A. Terrestrial nutrient cycling in tallgrass prairie. In: Knapp A.K., Briggs J.M., Hartnett D.C., and Collins S.L. (Eds). Grassland Dynamics: Long-term Ecological Research in Tallgrass Prairie (1998), Oxford University Press, New York, USA 222-243
17. Bos H.J., and Neuteboom J.H. Growth of individual leaves of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L) as influenced by temperature and light intensity. Ann. Bot. 81 (1998) 141-149
18. Briske D.D., and Butler J.L. Density-dependent regulation of ramet populations within the bunchgrass Schizachyrium scoparium: interclonal versus intraclonal interference. J. Ecol. 77 (1989) 963-974
19. Briske D.D., and Derner J.D. Clonal biology of caespitose grasses. In: Cheplick G.P. (Ed). Population Biology Of Grasses (1998), Cambridge University Press, UK
20. Briske D.D., and Silvertown J.W. Plant demography and grassland community balance: the contribution of population regulation mechanisms. Proceedings of the XVII International Grassland Congress (1993) 291-298
21. Brouwer R. Nutritive influences on distribution of dry matter in the plant. Netherlands J. Agric. Sci. 10 (1962) 399-408
22. Caldwell M.M., Richards J.H., Johnston D.A., Nowak R.S., and Dzurec R.S. Coping with herbivory: photosynthetic capacity and resource allocation in two semiarid Agropyron bunchgrasses. Oecologia 50 (1981) 14-24
23. Chen J., and Reynolds J.F. GePSi: a generic plant simulator based on object-oriented principles. Ecol. Modell. 94 (1997) 53-66
24. Chidley T.R., and Pike J.G. A generalised computer program for the solution of the Penman equation for evapotranspiration. J. Hydrol. 10 (1970) 75-89
25. Cline M.G. Apical dominance. Botanical Rev. 57 (1991) 318-358
26. Colasanti R.L., and Grime J.P. Resource dynamics and vegetation processes: a deterministic model using two-dimensional cellular automata. Funct. Ecol. 7 (1993) 169-176
27. Coughenour M.B. A mechanistic simulation analysis of water use, leaf angles, and grazing in east African graminoids. Ecol. Modell. 26 (1984) 203-230
28. Coughenour M.B., McNaughton S.J., and Wallace L.L. Modelling primary production of perennial graminoids - uniting physiological processes and morphometric traits. Ecol. Modell. 23 (1984) 101-134
29. Coughenour M.B., McNaughton S.J., and Wallace L.L. Responses of an African graminoid (Themeda triandra Forsk.) to frequent defoliation, nitrogen and water: a limit of adaptation to herbivory. Oecologia 68 (1985) 105-110
30. Danckwerts, J.E., 1984. Towards improved livestock production of sweet grassveld. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, RSA.
31. Davidson R.L. Effect of soil nutrients and moisture on root/shoot ratio in Lolium perenne L. and Trifolium repens. Ann. Bot. 33 (1969) 571-577
32. da Silva E.T., and Asmus M.L. A dynamic simulation model of the widgeon grass Ruppia maritima and its epiphytes in the estuary of the Patos Lagoon, RS. Brazil. Ecol. Modell. 137 (2001) 161-179
33. Derner J.D., and Briske D.D. An isotopic (15N) assessment of intraclonal regulation in C4 perennial grasses: ramet interdependence, independence or both?. J. Ecol. 86 (1998) 305-314
34. de Kroon H., Huber H., Stuefer J.F., and van Groenendael J.M. A modular concept of phenotypic plasticity in plants. New Phytologist 166 (2005) 73-82
35. de Reffye P., and Hu B. Relevant qualitative and quantitative choices for building an efficient dynamic plant growth model: GreenLab case. 2003. International Symposium on Plant growth modelling, simulation, visualization and their applications. Beijing (2003)
36. Diggle A.J. ROOTMAP: a model in three-dimensional coordinates of the growth and structure of fibrous root systems. Plant Soil 105 (1988) 168-178
37. Dudley S.A., and Schmitt J. Genetic differentiation among open and woodland Impatiens capensis populations in morphological responses to simulated foliage shade. Funct. Ecol. 9 (1995) 655-666
38. Etter A.G. How Kentucky blue grass grows. Ann. Missouri Botanical Garden 38 (1951) 293-375
39. Evers J.B., Vos J., Fournier C., Andrieu B., Chelle M., and Struik P.C. Towards a generic architectural model of tillering in Graminae, as exemplified by spring wheat (Triticum aestivum). New Phytologist 166 (2004) 801-812
40. Farrar J.F., Pollock C., and Gallagher J. Sucrose and the integration of metabolism in vascular plants. Plant Sci. 154 (2000) 1-11
41. Farrar J.F., and Williams J.H.H. Control of the rate of respiration in roots: compartmentation, demand and the supply of substrate. In: Emes M.J. (Ed). Compartmentation of Plant Metabolism in Non-Photosynthetic Tissues (1991), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK 167-188
42. Field C. Allocating leaf nitrogen for the maximisation of carbon gain: leaf age as a control on the allocation program. Oecologia 56 (1983) 341-347
43. Fournier C., and Andrieu B. Dynamics of the elongation of the internodes in maize (Zea mays L): effects of shade treatment on elongation patterns. Ann. Bot. 86 (2000) 1127-1134
44. Friedrich J.W., and Huffaker R.C. Photosynthesis, leaf resistances, and ribulose-1, 5-biphosphate carboxylase degeneration in senescing leaves. Plant Physiol. 65 (1980) 1103-1107
45. Gibbs-Russell G.E., Watson L., Koekemoer M., Smook L., Barker N.P., Anderson H.M., and Dallwitz M.J. Grasses of Southern Africa (1990), National Botanical Gardens/ Botanical Research Institute, Cape Town
46. Givnish T.J. Adaptation to sun and shade: a whole-plant perspective. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 15 (1988) 63-92
47. Goudriaan J., and van Laar H.H. Modelling Potential Crop Growth Processes (1994), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
48. Gregory F.G., and Veale J.A. A reassessment of the problem of apical dominance. Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol. 2 (1957) 1-20
49. Groot J.C.J., and Lantinga E.A. An object-oriented model of the morphological development and digestibility of perennial ryegrass. Ecol. Modell. 177 (2004) 297-312
50. Grossman Y.L., and DeJong T.M. PEACH: a simulation model of reproductive and vegetative growth in peach trees. Tree Physiol. 14 (1994) 329-345
51. Harper J.L. Population Biology of Plants (1977), Academic Press, London, UK
52. Heckathorn S.A., and DeLucia E.H. Drought-induced nitrogen retranslocation in perennial C4 grasses of tallgrass prairie. Ecology 75 (1994) 1877-1886
53. Herben T., and Suzuki J. A simulation study of the effects of architectural constraints and resource translocation on population structure and competition in clonal plants. Evol. Ecol. 15 (2002) 403-423
54. Herrmann A., and Schachtel G.A. OSYAQ, an organ-specific growth model for forage grasses. Grass Forage Sci. 56 (2001) 268-284
55. Hsiao T.C., and Acevedo E. Plant responses to water deficits, water-use efficiency, and drought resistance. Agric. Meteorol. 14 (1974) 59-84
56. Huffaker R.C., and Miller B.L. Reutilization of ribulose biphosphate carboxylase. In: Siegelman H.W., and Hind G. (Eds). Photosynthetic Carbon Assimilation (1978), Plenum Press, New York, USA 139-151
57. Humphreys L.R. Tropical Pasture Utilisation (1991), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK 206
58. Hutchings M.J., and de Kroon H. Foraging in plants: the role of morphological plasticity in resource acquisition. Adv. Ecol. Res. 25 (1994) 159-238
59. Kang S., and Titus J.S. Qualitative and quantitative changes in nitrogenous compounds in senescing leaf and bark tissues of the apple. Physiol. Plant. 50 (1980) 285-290
60. Kays S., and Harper J.L. The regulation of plant and tiller density in a grass sward. J. Ecol. 62 (1974) 97-105
61. Kemp D.R. The location and size of the extension zone of emerging wheat leaves. New Phytologist 84 (1980) 729-737
62. Knapp A.K., Briggs J.M., Blair J.M., and Turner C.L. Patterns and controls of aboveground net primary production in tallgrass prairie. In: Knapp A.K., Briggs J.M., Hartnett D.C., and Collins S.L. (Eds). Grassland Dynamics: Long-term Ecological Research in Tallgrass Prairie (1998), Oxford University Press, New York, USA 193-221
63. Kurihara H., Kuroda H., and Kinoshita O. Morphological bases of shoot growth to estimate tuber yields with special reference to phytomer concept in potato plant. Jpn. J. Crop Sci. 47 (1978) 690-698
64. Lafarge M., Mazel C., and Hill D.R.C. A modelling of the tillering capable of reproducing the fine-scale horizontal heterogeneity of a pure grass sward and its dynamics. Ecol. Modell. 183 (2005) 125-141
65. Le Dizès S., Cruiziat P., Lacointe A., Sinoquet H., Le Roux X., Balandier P., and Jacquet P. A model for simulating structure-function relationships in walnut tree growth processes. Silva Fennica 31 (1997) 313-328
66. Leriche H., LeRoux X., Gignoux J., Tuzet A., Fritz H., Abbadie L., and Loreau M. Which functional processes control the short-term effect of grazing on net primary production in grasslands. Oecologia 129 (2001) 114-124
67. Le Roux X., Lacointe A., Escobar-Gutiérrez A., and Le Dizès S. Carbon-based models of individual tree growth: a critical appraisal. Ann. Forest Sci. 58 (2001) 469-506
68. Lindenmayer A. Mathematical models of cellular interaction in development, Parts I and II. J. Theor. Biol. 18 (1968) 280-315
69. Maschinski J., and Whitham T.G. The continuum of plant responses to herbivory: the influence of plant association, nutrient availability and timing. Am. Nat. 134 (1989) 1-19
70. Middelhoff U., and Breckling B. From single fine roots to a black alder forest ecosystem: How system behaviour emerges from single component activities. Ecol. Modell. 186 (2005) 447-469
71. Moreno J., and Garcia-Martinez J.L. Nitrogen accumulation and mobilization in Citrus leaves throughout the annual cycle. Physiol. Plant. 61 (1984) 429-434
72. Morgan D.C., and Smith H. A systematic relationship between phytochrome-controlled development and species habitat, for plants grown in simulated natural radiation. Planta 145 (1979) 253-258
73. Nemoto K., Morita S., and Baba T. Shoot and root development in rice related to the phyllochron. Crop Sci. 35 (1995) 24-29
74. Oborny B. Growth rules in clonal plants and environmental predictability - a simulation study. J.Ecol. 82 (1994) 341-351
75. Pagès L., Jordan M.O., and Picard D. A simulation model of the three-dimensional architecture of the maize root system. Plant Soil 119 (1989) 147-154
76. Pagès L. How to include organ interactions in models of root system architecture. The concept of endogenous environment. Ann. Forest Sci. 57 (2000) 535-541
77. Penning de Vries F.W.T., Jansen D.M., ten Berge H.F.M., and Bakema A. Simulation of Ecophysiological Processes of growth in several annual crops (1989), Pudoc, Wageningen, The Netherlands
78. Perttunen J., Sievänen R., Nikinmaa E., Salminen H., Saarenma H., and Väkevä J. Lignum: a tree model based on simple structural units. Ann. Bot. 77 (1996) 87-98
79. Piqueras J., and Klimeš L. Demography and modelling of clonal fragments in the pseudoannual plant Trientalis europaea L. Plant Ecol. 136 (1998) 213-227
80. Porter J.R., and Delecolle R. Interaction of temperature with other environmental variables in controlling the development of plants. In: Long S.P., and Woodward F.I. (Eds). Plants and Temperature (1988), Society of Experimental Biology, Cambridge, UK 157-180
81. Poorter H., and Nagel O. The role of biomass allocation in the growth response of plants to different levels of light, CO2, nutrients and water: a quantitative review. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 27 (2000) 595-607
82. Prusinkiewicz P., and Lindenmayer A. The Algorithmic Beauty of Plants (1990), Springer-Verlag, New York, USA
83. Quick W.P., Fichtner K., Schulze E.-D., Wendler R., Leegood R.C., Mooney H., Rodermel S.R., Bogorad L., and Stitt M. Decreased ribulose-1, 5-biphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase in transgenic tobacco transformed with "antisense" rbcS. Planta 188 (1992) 522-531
84. Raventos J., Segarra J., and Acevedo M.F. Growth dynamics of tropical savanna grass species using projection matrices. Ecol. Modell. 174 (2004) 85-101
85. Reekie E.G., and Bazzaz F.A. Reproductive effort in plants 1. Carbon allocation to reproduction. Am. Nat. 129 (1987) 876-896
86. Reineking B., Vestec M., Wissel C., and Huth A. Environmental variability and allocation trade-offs maintain species diversity in a process-based model of succulent plant communities. Ecol. Modell. 199 (2006) 486-504
87. Reinhardt, D., Kuhlemeier, C., 2002. Plant architecture. EMBO Reports 3, 846-851.
88. Reynolds J.F., and Chen J. Modelling whole-plant allocation in relation to carbon and nitrogen supply: coordination versus optimisation: opinion. Plant Soil 185 (1996) 65-74
89. Risser P.G., and Parton W.J. Ecosystem analysis of the tallgrass prairie: nitrogen cycle. Ecology 63 (1982) 1342-1351
90. Room P.M., Maillette L., and Hanan J.S. Module and metamer dynamics and virtual plants. Adv. Ecol. Res. 25 (1994) 105-155
91. Ryel R.J., Beyschlag W., and Caldwell M.M. Light field heterogeneity among tussock grasses: theoretical considerations of light harvesting and seedling establishment. Oecologia 98 (1994) 241-246
92. Sachs T., Novoplansky A., and Cohen D. Plants as competing populations of redundant organs. Plant, Cell Environ. 16 (1993) 765-770
93. Sequeira R.A., Olson R.L., and McKinion J.M. Implementing generic, object-oriented models in biology. Ecol. Modell. 94 (1997) 17-31
94. Sequeira R.A., Sharpe P.J.H., Stone N.D., El-Zik K.M., and Makela M.E. Object-oriented simulation: plant growth and discrete organ to organ interactions. Ecol. Modell. 58 (1991) 55-89
95. Sievänen R., Nikinmaa E., Nygren P., Ozier-Lafontaine H., Pertunnen J., and Hakula H. Components of functional-structural models. Ann. Forestry Sci. 57 (2000) 399-412
96. Simioni G., Le Roux X., Gignoux J., and Sinoquet H. Treegrass: a 3D, process-based model for simulating plant interactions in tree-grass ecosystems. Ecol. Modell. 131 (2000) 47-63
97. Skinner R.H., and Nelson C.J. Epidermal cell division and the coordination of leaf and tiller development. Ann. Bot. 74 (1994) 9-15
98. Tainton N.M., and Booysen P.deV. Growth and development in perennial veld grasses I. Themeda triandra tillers under various systems of defoliation. South African Journal of Science 8 (1965) 93-110
99. Tilman D. Plant strategies and the dynamics and structure of plant communities (1988), Princeton University Press, Princeton, USA
100. Thornley J.H.M. A model to describe the partitioning of photosynthate during vegetative plant growth. Ann. Bot. 36 (1972) 419-430
101. Thornley J.H.M., and Johnson I.R. Plant and Crop Modelling: A Mathematical Approach to Plant and Crop Physiology (1990), Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK
102. Tomlinson, K.W., 2005. Consequences of architecture and resource allocation for growth dynamics of bunchgrass clones. Ph.D. Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, RSA.
103. Tomlinson K.W., and O'Connor T.G. Control of tiller recruitment in bunchgrasses: uniting physiology and ecology. Funct. Ecol. 18 (2004) 489-496
104. Tomlinson K.W., and O'Connor T.G. The effect of defoliation environment on primary growth allocation and secondary tiller recruitment of two bunchgrasses. African J. Range and Forage Sci. 22 (2005) 29-36
105. Tuomi J., and Vuorisalo T. What are the units of selection in modular organisms?. Oikos 54 (1989) 227-233
106. Vinton M.A., and Burke I.C. Interactions between individual plant species and soil nutrient status in shortgrass-steppe. Ecology 76 (1995) 1116-1133
107. Watts W.R. Leaf extension in Zea mays. III. Field measurements of leaf extension in response to temperature and leaf water potential. J. Exp. Bot. 25 (1974) 1085-1096
108. Webb, C., 2004. The use of various soil ameliorants and indigenous grasses, in the rehabilitation of open cast coal mines in Mpumalanga, South Africa. M.Sc. Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, RSA.
109. Weinmann H. Underground development and reserves of grasses. J. Brit. Grassland Soc. 3 (1948) 115-140
110. Welker J.M., Briske D.D., and Weaver R.W. Nitrogen-15 partitioning within a three generation tiller sequence of the bunchgrass Schizachyrium scoparium: response to selective defoliation. Oecologia 74 (1987) 330-334
111. White H.L. The interaction of factors in the growth of Lemna XII. The interaction of nitrogen and light intensity in relation to root length. Ann. Bot. 1 (1937) 649-654
112. Wiegand K., Jeltsch F., and Ward D. Analysis of the population dynamics of Acacia trees in the Negev desert Israel with a spatially-explicit computer simulation model. Ecol. Modell. 117 (1999) 203-224
113. Wieners D., and Morris C.D. Unpublished Data. School of Botany and Zoology (2000), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, RSA
114. Winkler E., and Klotz S. Clonal plant species in a dry-grassland community: a simulation study of long-term population dynamics. Ecol. Modell. 96 (1997) 125-141
115. Wolfer S.R., van Nes E.H., and Straile D. Modelling the clonal growth of the rhizomatous macrophyte Potamogeton perfoliatus. Ecol. Modell. 192 (2006) 67-82