Flowering and fruiting phenologies of seasonal and aseasonal neotropical forests: The role of annual changes in irradiance

Journal of Tropical Ecology

Volumn 23, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 231-251

  Zimmerman, Jess K ^a   Wright, S Joseph ^b   Calderon O ^b   Pagan, M Aponte ^a   Paton, S ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO RIO PIEDRAS   (Puerto Rico)

^b SMITHSONIAN TROPICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Panama)

Author keywords

Barro Colorado Island; Luquillo Forest Dynamics Plot; Panama; Phenology; Puerto Rico; Rainfall; Reproduction; Seasonality; Solar irradiance

Indexed keywords

ANNUAL VARIATION; BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTION; FLOWERING; FRUITING; IRRADIANCE; LIGHT AVAILABILITY; NEOTROPICAL REGION; PHENOLOGY; RAINFALL; REPRODUCTION; SEASONAL VARIATION; SOIL MOISTURE; TROPICAL FOREST;

ATLANTIC ISLANDS; ATLANTIC OCEAN; BARRO COLORADO ISLAND; CARIBBEAN ISLANDS; CENTRAL AMERICA; GATUN LAKE; GREATER ANTILLES; PANAMA [CENTRAL AMERICA]; PUERTO RICO;

EID: 33847610036     PISSN: 02664674     EISSN: 14697831     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0266467406003890     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. ANGULO-SANDOVAL, P. & AIDE, T. M. 2000. Leaf phenology and leaf damage of saplings in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico. Biotropica 32:415-422.
2. ANGULO-SANDOVAL, P., FERNANDEZ-MARIN, H., ZIMMERMAN, J. K. & AIDE, T. M. 2004. Changes in patterns of understory leaf phenology and herbivory following hurricane damage. Biotropica 36:60-67.
3. AUGSPURGER, C. K. 1983. Phenology, flowering synchrony, and fruit set of six neotropical shrubs. Biotropica 15:257-267.
4. BATSCHELET, E. 1981. Circular statistics in biology. Academic Press, London. 371 pp.
5. BEARD, K. H., VOGT, K. A., VOGT, D. J., SCATENA, F. N., COVICH, A. P., SIGURDARDOTTIR, R., SICCAMA, T. G. & CROWL, T. A., 2005. Structural and functional responses of a subtropical forest to 10 years of hurricanes and droughts. Ecological Monographs 75:345-361.
6. BORCHERT, R. 1994. Soil and stem water storage determine phenology and distribution of tropical dry forest trees. Ecology 75:1437-1449.
7. BROKAW, N., FRAVER, S., GREAR, J. S., THOMPSON, J., ZIMMERMAN, J. K., WAIDE, R. B., EVERHAM, E. M., HUBBELL, S. P. & FOSTER, R. B. 2004. Disturbance and canopy structure in two tropical forests. Pp. 177-194 in Losos, E. & Leigh, E. G. (eds). Tropical forest diversity and dynamism: findings from a large scale plot network. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
8. BULLOCK, S. H. 1995. Plant reproduction in neotropical dry forests. Pp. 277-303 in Bullock, S. H., Mooney, H. A. & Medina, E. (eds). Seasonally dry tropical forests. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
9. CONDIT, R., HUBBELL, S. P. & FOSTER, R. B. 1996. Changes in tree species abundance in a Neotropical forest: impact of climate change. Journal of Tropical Ecology 12:231-256.
10. CORREA, A. M. D. 2004. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Panamá. Quebecor World Bogota, S. A., Colombia.
11. EVERHAM, E. M., MYSTER, R. W. & VANDEGENACHTE, E. 1996. Effects of light, moisture, temperature and litter on the regeneration of five tree species in the tropical montane wet forest of Puerto Rico. American Journal of Botany 83:1063-1068.
12. FOSTER, R. B. 1982. The seasonal rhythm of fruitfall on Barro Colorado Island. Pp. 151-172 in Leigh, E. G., Rand, A. S. & Windsor, D. (eds). The ecology of a tropical forest: seasonal rhythms and long-term changes. Smithsonian Institute Press, Washington.
13. FRANKIE, G. W., BAKER, H. G. & OPLER, P. A. 1974. Comparative phenological studies of trees in tropical wet and dry forests in the lowlands of Costa Rica. Journal of Ecology 62:881-919.
14. GARWOOD, N. C. 1983. Seed germination in a seasonal tropical forest in Panama: a community study. Ecological Monographs 53:159-181.
15. GARWOOD, N. C. 1989. Tropical soil seed banks: a review. Pp. 149-209 in Leck, M. A., Simpson, R. L. & Parker, V. T. (eds). Ecology of soil seed banks. Academic Press, London.
16. 2 uptake and growth of a rainforest tree during tropical rainy seasons. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100:572-576.
17. GREIG, N. 1993. Predispersal seed predation on 5 Piper species in a tropical rain-forest. Oecologia 93:412-420.
18. HAMANN, A. 2004. Flowering and fruiting phenology of a Philippine submontane rain forest: climatic factors as proximate and ultimate causes. Journal of Ecology 92:24-31.
19. JAMES, S. A., MEINZER, F. C., GOLDSTEIN, G., WOODRUFF, D., JONES, T., RESTOM, T., MEGIA, M., CLEARWATER, M. & CAMPANELLO, P. 2003. Axial and radial water transport and internal water storage in tropical forest canopy trees. Oecologia 134:37-45.
20. KOCHMER, J. P. & HANDEL, S. N. 1986. Constraints and competition in the evolution of flowering phenology. Ecological Monographs 56:303-325.
21. LIEBERMAN, D. 1982. Seasonality and phenology in a dry tropical forst in Ghana. Journal of Ecology 70:791-806.
22. LIEBERMAN, D. & LIEBERMAN, M. 1984. The causes and consequences of synchronous flushing in a dry tropical forest. Biotropica 16:193-201.
23. LIOGIER, H. A. 1985-1997. Descriptive flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands. Volumes I-V. Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico.
24. MARON, J. L. & GARDNER, S. N. 2000. Consumer pressure, seed versus safe-site limitation, and plant population dynamics. Oecologia 124:260-269.
25. MCGREGOR, G. R. & NIEUWOLT, S. 1998. Tropical climatology. (Second edition). John Wiley & Sons, Chichester. 339 pp.
26. MEINZER, F. C., JAMES, S. A. & GOLDSTEIN, G. 2004. Dynamics of transpiration, sap flow and use of stored water in tropical forest canopy trees. Tree Physiology 24:901-909.
27. MOLES, A. T., WARTON, D. I. & WESTOBY, M. 2003. Do small-seeded species have higher survival through seed predation than large-seeded species? Ecology 84:3148-3161.
28. NEWSTROM, L. E., FRANKIE, G. W., BAKER, H. G. & COLWELL, R. K. 1994. Diversity of long-term flowering patterns. Pp. 142-160 in McDade, L. A., Bawa, K. S., Hespenheide, H. A. & Hartshorn, G. S. (eds). La Selva: ecology and natural history of a neotropical rain forest. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
29. OPLER, P. A., FRANKIE, G. W. & BAKER, H. G. 1976. Rainfall as a factor in the release, timing, and synchronization of anthesis by tropical trees and shrubs. Journal of Biogeography 3:231-236.
30. OPLER, P. A., FRANKIE, G. W. & BAKER, H. G. 1980. Comparative phenological studies of treelet and shrub species in tropical wet and dry forests in the lowlands of Costa Rica. Journal of Ecology 68:167-188.
31. RATHCKE, B. & LACEY, E. P. 1985. Phenological patterns of terrestrial plants. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 16:179-214.
32. RICE, W. R. 1989. Analyzing tables of statistical tests. Evolution 43:223-225.
33. SHUKLA, R. P. & RAMAKRISHNAN, P. S. 1982. Phenology of trees in a sub-tropical humid forest in north-eastern India. Vegetatio 49:103-109.
34. SOKAL, R. R. & ROHLF, F. J. 1995. Biometry. (Third edition). Freeman & Co., New York. 887 pp.
35. THOMPSON, J., BROKAW, N. V. L., ZIMMERMAN, J. K., WAIDE, R. B., EVERHAM, E. M., LODGE, D. J., TALYOR, C., GARCIA-MONTIEL, D. & FLUET, M. 2002. Land use history, environment, and tree composition in a tropical forest. Ecological Applications 12:1344-1363.
36. VAN SCHAIK, C. P., WRIGHT, S. J. & TERBORGH, J. W. 1993. The phenology of tropical forests: adaptive significance and consequences for primary consumers. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 24:353-377.
37. WRIGHT, S. J. 1991. Seasonal drought and the phenology of understory shrubs in a tropical moist forest. Ecology 72:1643-1657.
38. WRIGHT, S. J. 1996. Phenological patterns of tropical forest plants. Pp. 187-216 in Mulkey, S. S., Chazdon, R. L.& Smith, A. P. (eds). Tropical forest plant ecophysiology. Chapman & Hall, New York.
39. WRIGHT, S. J. & CALDERÓN, O. 1995. Phylogenetic patterns among tropical flowering phenologies. Journal of Ecology 83:937-948.
40. WRIGHT, S. J. & CALDERÓN, O. 2006. Seasonal, El Nińo and longer term changes in flower and seed production in a moist tropical forest. Ecology Letters 9:35-44.
41. WRIGHT, S. J. & VAN SCHAIK, C. P. 1994. Light and the phenology of tropical trees. American Naturalist 143:192-199.
42. ZAR, J. H. 1999. Biostatistical analysis. (Fourth edition). Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. 929 pp.
43. ZIMMERMAN, J. K., EVERHAM, E. M., WAIDE, R. B., LODGE, D. J., TAYLOR, C. M. & BROKAW, N. V. L. 1994. Responses of tree species to hurricane winds in subtropical wet forest in Puerto Rico: implications for tropical tree life histories. Journal of Ecology 82:911-922.