Gazelle bone marrow yields and Epipalaeolithic carcass exploitation strategies in the southern Levant

Journal of Archaeological Science

Volumn 34, Issue 6, 2007, Pages 946-956

  Bar Oz, Guy ^a   Munro, Natalie D ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HAIFA   (Israel)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT   (United States)

Author keywords

Bone marrow; Epipalaeolithic; Experimental archaeology; Fat; Gazelle; Levant; Taphonomy

Indexed keywords

ARCHAEOLOGY; BONE; DIET; EXPLOITATION; FAT; FOOD PREFERENCE; FOSSIL ASSEMBLAGE; HUNTER-GATHERER; PALEOLITHIC; SEASONAL VARIATION; TAPHONOMY;

LEVANT; MEDITERRANEAN REGION; MEDITERRANEAN SEA;

ANIMALIA; GAZELLA; GAZELLA GAZELLA;

EID: 33847398366     PISSN: 03054403     EISSN: 10959238     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2006.09.006     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Baharav D. Notes on the population structure and biomass of the mountain gazelle, Gazella gazella gazella. Israel Journal of Zoology 23 (1974) 39-44
2. Baharav D. Observation on the ecology of the mountain gazelle in the upper Galilee. Mammalia 47 (1983) 59-69
3. Baharav D. Reproductive strategies in female mountain and dorcas gazelle (Gazella gazella and Gazella dorcas). London Journal of Zoology 200 (1983) 445-453
4. Ballard W.B., and Whitman J.S. Marrow fat dynamics in moose calves. Journal of Wildlife Management 51 (1987) 66-69
5. Bar-Oz G. Epipalaeolithic subsistence strategies in the Levant: a zooarchaeological perspective. American School of Prehistoric Research (ASPR) Monograph Series (2004), Brill Academic Publishers, Boston
6. Bar-Oz G., and Dayan T. "After twenty years": a taphonomic re-evaluation of Nahal Hadera V, an Epipalaeolithic site on the Israeli coastal plain. Journal of Archaeological Science 29 (2002) 145-156
7. Bar-Oz G., and Dayan T. Testing the use of multivariate inter-site taphonomic comparisons: the faunal analysis of Hefzibah in its Epipalaeolithic cultural context. Journal of Archaeological Science 30 (2003) 885-900
8. Bar-Oz G., Dayan T., Kaufman D., and Weinstein-Evron M. The Natufian economy at el-Wad Terrace with special reference to gazelle exploitation patterns. Journal of Archaeological Science 31 (2004) 217-231
9. Bar-Oz G., and Munro N.D. Beyond cautionary tales: a multidimensional taphonomic approach for identifying subpatterns in ungulate body-part data. Journal of Taphonomy 2 (2004) 201-220
10. Binford L.R. Nunamiut Ethnoarchaeology (1978), Academic Press, New York
11. Binford L.R. Bones: Ancient Men and Modern Myths (1981), Academic Press, New York
12. Blumenschine R.J., and Madrigal T.C. Variability in long bone marrow yields of East African ungulates and its zooarchaeological implications. Journal of Archaeological Science 20 (1993) 555-587
13. Burger O., Hamilton M.J., and Walker R. The prey as patch model: optimal handling of resources with diminishing returns. Journal of Archaeological Science 32 (2005) 1147-1158
14. Brooks P.M., Hanks J., and Ludbrook J.V. Bone marrow as an index of condition in African ungulates. South African Journal of Wildlife Research 7 (1977) 61-66
15. Cheatum E.L. Bone marrow as an index of malnutrition in deer. New York State Conservationist 3 (1949) 19-22
16. Davis S.J.M. The Archaeology of Animals (1987), Yale University Press, New-Haven and London
17. Emerson, A., 1990. Archaeological Implications of Variability in the Economic Anatomy of Bison bison, Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, University Microfilms, Ann Arbor.
18. Enloe J.G. Ethnoarchaeology of marrow cracking: implications for the recognition of prehistoric subsistence organization. In: Hudson J. (Ed). From Bones to Behavior: Ethnoarchaeological and Experimental Contributions to the Interpretation of Faunal Remains. Occasional Paper No. 21 (1993), Center for archaeological investigations, Southern Illinois University, Illinois 82-97
19. Fitzgibbon C.D., and Fanshawe J.H. The condition and age of Thomson's gazelles killed by cheetahs and wild dogs. Journal of Zoology 218 (1989) 99-107
20. Fong D.W. Seasonal variation of marrow fat content from Newfoundland moose. Journal of Wildlife Management 45 (1981) 545-548
21. Hanks J., Cummings D.M., Oren J.L., Parry D.F., and Warren H.B. Growth, condition and reproduction in the Impala ram (Aepyceros melampus). Journal of Zoology 179 (1976) 421-435
22. Horowitz A. The Quaternary of Israel (1979), Academic Press, New York
23. Horwitz L.K. The impact of animal domestication on species richness: a pilot study from the Neolithic of the southern Levant. Archaeozoologia 8 (1996) 53-70
24. Klein D.R. The introduction, increase and crash of reindeer on St. Matthew Island. Journal of Wildlife Management 32 (1968) 350-367
25. Lupo K.D. Experimentally derived extraction rates for marrow: implications for body part exploitation strategies of Plio-Pleistocene hominid scavengers. Journal of Archaeological Science 25 (1998) 657-675
26. Lupo K.D. Archaeological skeletal part profiles and differential transport: an ethnoarchaeological example fro Hadza bon assemblages. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 20 (2001) 361-378
27. Madrigal T.C., and Capaldo S.D. White-tailed deer marrow yields and late Archaic hunter-gatherers. Journal of Archaeological Science 26 (1999) 241-249
28. McCullough D.R., and Ullrey D.E. Proximate mineral and gross energy composition of white-tailed deer. Journal of Wildlife Management 47 (1983) 430-441
29. Mendelssohn H. The development of the populations of gazelles in Israel and their behavioural adaptations. In: Geist V., and Walther F. (Eds). The Behavior of Ungulates and its Relation to Management (1974), IUCN Publications, Morges, Switzerland 722-744
30. Mendelssohn H., and Yom-Tov Y. Fauna Palestina: Mammalia of Israel (1999), The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem
31. Mendelssohn H., Yom-Tov Y., and Groves C.P. Gazella gazella. Mammalian Species 490 (1995) 1-7
32. Munro, N.D., 2001. A Prelude to Agriculture: Game Use and Occupation Intensity During the Natufian Period in the Levant. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson.
33. Munro N.D. Zooarchaeological measures of hunting pressure and occupation intensity in the Natufian: implications for agricultural origins. Current Anthropology 45 (2004) S5-S33
34. Munro N.D., and Bar-Oz G. Gazelle bone fat processing in the Levantine Epipalaeolithic. Journal of Archaeological Science 32 (2005) 223-239
35. Neiland K. Weight of dried marrow as an indicator of fat in caribou femurs. Journal of Wildlife Management 34 (1970) 904-907
36. Nieminen M., and Laitinen M. Bone marrow and kidney fat as indicators of condition in reindeer. Rangifer Special Issue 1 (1986) 219-226
37. Outram A.K. A new approach to identifying bone marrow and grease exploitation: why the "intermediate" fragments should not be ignored. Journal of Archaeological Science 28 (2001) 401-410
38. Outram A.K., and Rowley-Conwy P. Meat and marrow utility indices for horse (Equus). Journal of Archaeological Science 25 (1998) 839-849
39. Ransom A.B. Kidney and marrow fat as indicators of white-tailed deer condition. Journal of Wildlife Management 29 (1965) 397-398
40. Ratcliffe P.R. Bone marrow fat as an indicator of condition in roe deer. Acta Theriologica 26 (1980) 333-340
41. Simmons A., and Ilany G. What mean these bones? Behavioral implications of gazelle's remains from archaeological sites. Paléorient 3 (1975-1977) 269-274
42. Sinclair A.R.E., and Duncan P. Indices of condition in tropical ruminants. East African Wildlife Journal 10 (1972) 143-149
43. Speth J.D. Bison Kills and Bone Counts: Decision Making by Ancient Hunters (1983), University Chicago Press, Chicago
44. Speth J.D. Early hominid subsistence strategies in seasonal habitats. Journal of Archaeological Science 14 (1987) 13-29
45. Speth J.D. Early hominid hunting and scavenging: the role of meat as an energy source. Journal of Human Evolution 18 (1989) 329-343
46. Speth J.D. Seasonality, resource stress, and food sharing in so called "egalitarian" foraging societies. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 9 (1990) 148-188
47. Speth J.D. Carnivory. Encyclopedia of Human Biology. second ed. vol. 2 (1997), Academic Press pp. 419-429
48. Speth J.D., and Spielmann K.A. Energy source, protein metabolism, and hunter-gatherer subsistence strategies. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 2 (1983) 1-34