Correlations of crop load and return bloom with root and shoot concentrations of potassium, nitrogen, and nonstructural carbohydrates in pecan

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science

Volumn 132, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 44-51

  Smith, Michael W ^a   Rohla, Charles T ^a,b   Maness, Niels O ^a  

^a OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b PLANT BIOLOGY DIVISION   (United States)

Author keywords

Alternate bearing; Carya illinoinensis; Flower; Flowering; Fruit; Irregular bearing

Indexed keywords

CARYA ILLINOINENSIS;

EID: 33847322106     PISSN: 00031062     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.21273/jashs.132.1.44     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Acuña-Maldonado, L.E., M.W. Smith, N.O. Maness, B.S. Cheary, and B.L. Carroll. 2003. Influence of nitrogen application time on nitrogen absorption, partitioning, and yield of pecan. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 128:155-162.
2. Amling, H.J. and K.A. Amling. 1983. Physiological differentiation of pistillate flowers of pecan and cold requirements for their initiation. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 108:195-198.
3. Barnett, J. and E.A. Mielke. 1981. Alternate bearing: A re-evaluation. Pecan South 8:20-23.
4. Brooks, O.L. and R. Livingston. 1962. A progress report on results of fertility studies with pecan. Proc. Southeastern Pecan Growers' Assn. 55:44-47.
5. Diver, S.G. and M.S. Smith. 1984. Influence of fruit development on seasonal elemental concentrations and distribution in fruit and leaves of pecan. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 15:619-637.
6. Gemoets, E.E., L.A. Gemoets, T.E. Cannon, and R.G. McIntyre. 1976. Cycles in U.S. pecan production 1919-1974 identified by power spectral analysis. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 101:550-553.
7. Goff, B., M. Nesbitt, and C. Browne. 2001. Late season fertilization: An exciting new development for the pecan industry. Proc. Southeastern Pecan Growers' Assn. 94:91-93.
8. Haeder, H.E. 1977. Effects of potassium on phloem loading and transport: Fertilizer use and production of carbohydrates and lipids. Proc. Colloq. Intl. Potash Inst. 13:115-121.
9. Hodge, J.E. and B.T. Hofreiter. 1962. Determination of reducing sugars and carbohydrates, p. 300-394. In: R.L. Whistler and J.L. Wolfrom (eds.). Methods in carbohydrate chemistry, Vol. 1. Academic Press, New York.
10. Horowitz, W. 1980. Official methods of analysis of the association of analytical chemists. 13th ed. Assn. Offic. Anal. Chemists, Washington, D.C.
11. Hunter, J.H. 1964. Time of applying nitrogen to pecan trees in sod. Proc. Southeastern Pecan Growers' Assn. 57:18-22.
12. Hunter, J.H. and H.E. Hammar. 1947. The results of applying different fertilizers to the Moore variety of pecan over a ten-year period. Proc. Southeastern Pecan Growers' Assn. 40:10-32.
13. Hunter, J.H. and H.E. Hammar. 1956. Relation of oil content of pecan kernels to chemical components of leaves as a measurement of nutrient status. Soil Sci. 82:261-269.
14. Hunter, J.H. and H.E. Hammar. 1961. Effects of different grades and rates of fertilizers applied to Schley pecan trees as influenced by other factors. Proc. Southeastern Pecan Growers' Assn. 54:29-41.
15. Kraimer, R.A., W.C. Lindemann, and E.A. Herrera. 2004. Recovery of late-season 15N-labeled fertilizer applied to pecan. HortScience 39:256-260.
16. Krezdom, A.H. 1955. The nutrient status of pecan leaves in relation to alternate bearing. Proc. Texas Pecan Growers' Assn. 34:43-53.
17. Lalonde, S., M. Tegeder, M. Throne-Holst, W.B. Frommer, and J.W. Patrick. 2003. Phloem loading and unloading of sugars and amino acids. Plant Cell Environ. 26:37-56.
18. Malstrom, H.L. 1974. The relationship of stored reserves to yield in mature pecan trees. Proc. Western Pecan Conf. 8:65-69.
19. Mengel, K. 1980. Effect of potassium on the assimilate conduction to storage tissue. Ber. Dtsch. Bot. Ges. 93:353-362.
20. Mengel, K. and H. Haeder. 1977. Effect of potassium supply on the rate of phloem sap exudation and the composition of phloem sap of Ricinus communis. Plant Physiol. 59:282-284.
21. Rohla, C.T., M.W. Smith, and N.O. Maness. 2005. Effects of cluster size and shoot type on characteristics of pecan nuts. HortScience 40:1300-1303.
22. Rosecrance, R.C., S.A. Weinbaum, and P.H. Brown. 1996. Assessment of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium uptake capacity and root growth in mature alternate-bearing pistachio (Pistacia vera) trees. Tree Physiol. 16:949-956.
23. Rosecrance, R.C., S.A. Weinbaum, and P.H. Brown. 1998. Alternate bearing affects nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and starch storage pools in mature pistachio trees. Ann. Bot. (Lond.) 82:463-470.
24. Skinner, J.J. 1922. Influence of fertilizers on the yield, size and quality of pecans. Proc. Georgia-Florida Pecan Growers' Assn. 16:50-56.
25. Smith, M.W., P.L. Ager, and D.S.W. Endicott. 1985. Effect of nitrogen and potassium on yield, growth, and leaf elemental concentration of pecan. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 110:446-450.
26. Smith, M.W., B.L. Carroll, and B.S. Cheary. 2004. Response to pecan to nitrogen rate and nitrogen application time. HortScience 39:1412-1415.
27. Smith, C.L. and J. Hamilton. 1937. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on growth and yield of pecan trees growing in unproductive sandy soil. Proc. Texas Pecan Growers' Assn. 17:25-31.
28. Smith, M.W., R.W. McNew, P.L. Ager, and B.C. Cotton. 1986. Seasonal changes in the carbohydrate concentration in pecan shoots and their relationship to flowering. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 111:558-561.
29. Smith, C.L. and J.G. Waugh. 1938. Seasonal variations in the carbohydrate and nitrogen content of roots of bearing pecan trees. J. Agr. Res. 57:449-460.
30. Sparks, D. 1968. Some effects of nitrogen on young pecan trees. Proc. Southeastern Pecan Growers' Assn. 61:93-102.
31. Sparks, D. 1977. Effects of fruiting on scorch, premature defoliation, and nutrient status of 'Chickasaw' pecan leaves. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 102:669-673.
32. Sparks, D. and C.E. Brack. 1972. Return bloom and fruit set of pecan from leaf and fruit removal. HortScience 7:131-132.
33. Taylor, R.W. 1930. Influence of fertilizer treatments on yield and quality of pecans. Natl. Pecan Assn. Bul. 29:18-22.
34. von Broembsen, S. and P. Mulder. 2005. Commercial pecan disease and insect control-2006. Oklahoma Coop. Ext. Serv. CR-6209.
35. Vreugdenhil, D. 1985. Source-to-sink gradient of potassium in the phloem. Planta 163:238-240.
36. Wood, B.W. 1984. Free and bound abscisic acid and free gibberellin-like substances in pecan kernel tissue during seed development. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 109:626-629.
37. Wood, B.W. 1989. Pecan production responds to root carbohydrates and rootstock. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 114:223-228.
38. Wood, B.W. 1991. Alternate bearing in pecan, p. 180-190. In: B.W. Wood and J.A. Payne (eds.) Pecan husbandry: Challenges and opportunities. Proc. First National Pecan Workshop, U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv., ARS-96.
39. Wood, B.W. 1993. Production characteristics of the United States pecan industry. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 118:538-545.
40. Wood, B.W. 2001a. Atypical symptoms of cold damage to pecan. HortScience 36:298-301.
41. Wood, B.W. 2001b. Managing nitrogen in pecan orchards. Proc. Southeastern Pecan Growers' Assn. 94:153-159.
42. Wood, B.W. 2003. Pecan production in North America. Southwestern Entomol. Suppl. 27:1-19.
43. Wood, B.W., P.J. Conner, and R.E. Worley. 2003. Relationship of alternate bearing intensity in pecan to fruit and canopy characteristics. HortScience 38:361-366.
44. Wood, B.W. and J.L. McMeans. 1981. Carbohydrate changes in various organs of bearing and nonbearing pecan trees. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 106:758-761.
45. Worley, R.E. 1974. Effect of N, P, K, and lime on yield, nut quality, tree growth, and leaf analysis of pecan (Carya illinoensis W). J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 99:49-57.
46. Worley, R.E. 1979a. Fall defoliation date and seasonal carbohydrate concentration of pecan wood tissue. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 104:195-199.
47. Worley, R.E. 1979b. Pecan yield, quality, nutlet set, and spring growth as a response of time of fall defoliation. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 104:192-194.
48. Worley, R.E. 1990. Long-term performance of pecan trees when nitrogen application is based on prescribed threshold concentrations in leaf tissue. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 115:745-749.