The segmentation problem in arabic character recognition the state of the art

Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Information and Communication Technology, ICICT 2005

Volumn 2005, Issue , 2005, Pages 11-26

  Zeki, Ahmed M ^a  

^a INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA   (Malaysia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

IMAGE SEGMENTATION; NUMERICAL METHODS; PATTERN RECOGNITION SYSTEMS; PROBLEM SOLVING;

ARABIC CHARACTER RECOGNITION (ACR); ARABIC WORDS; SEGMENTATION PROBLEMS;

CHARACTER RECOGNITION;

EID: 33847321476     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Conference Proceeding    
DOI: 10.1109/ICICT.2005.1598538     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (89)

1. A. Amin, H. Al-Sadoun and S. Fischer, Hand-Printed Arabic Character Recognition System using An Artificial Network, Pattern Recognition, 29(4), pp. 663675, 1996.
2. M. Khorsheed, Off-Line Arabic Character Recognition - A Review, Pattern Analysis & Applications, 5(1), pp. 31-45, May 2002.
3. B. Al-Badr and S. Mahmoud, Survey and Bibliography ofArabic Optical Text Recognition, Signal Processing, 41(1), pp. 49-77, Jan 1995.
4. A. Nazif, A System for the Recognition of the Printed Arabic Characters, M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, 1975.
5. S. Alshebeili, A. Nabawi and S. Mahmoud, Arabic Characther Recognition Using 1-D Slices of the Character Spectrum, Signal Processing, 56(1), pp. 59-75, Jan 1997.
6. A. Amin, Segmentation of Printed Arabic Text, ICAPR 2001, pp. 115-126, 2001.
7. B. Bushofa and M. Spann, Segmentation and Recognition of Arabic Characters by Strcutural Classification, Image and Vision Compution (IVC), 15(3), pp. 167-179, Mar 1997.
8. T. Kanungo, G. Marton and O. Bulbul, OmniPage vs. Sakhr: Paired Model Evaluation of Two Arabic OCR Products, SPIE Conference on Document Recognition and Retrieval (VI), San Jose, California, Vol. 3651, pp. 109-120, 27-28 Jan 1999.
9. A. Zeki and M. Zakaria, Challenges in Recognizing Arabic Characters, 17 National Computer Conference, Madinah, Saudi Arabia, pp. 445-452, 5-8 Apr 2004.
10. A. Amin, Arabic Character Recognition, In Handbook of Character Recognition and Document Image Analysis, (Chapter 15), Edited by H. Bunke and P. S. P. Wang, World Scientific, Singapore, pp. 397420, May 1997.
11. B. Al-Badr and R. Haralick, A Segmentation-free Approach to Text Recognition with Application to Arabic Text, International Journal on Document Analysis and Recogniiton (IJDAR), 1(3), pp. 147-166, 1998.
12. th National Computer Conference, Madinah, Saudi Arabia, pp. 437-444, 5-8 Apr 2004.
13. A. Hamid, A Neural Network Approach for the Segmentation of Handwritten Arabic Text, International Symposium on Innovation in Information and Communication Technology, Amman - Jordan, 26 Sep 2001.
14. A. Amin, Structural Description to Recognising Arabic Characters using Decision Tree Learning Techniques, Joint IAPR International Workshops SSPR 2002 and SPR Structural, Syntactic, and Statistical Pattern Recognition 2002, Windsor, Canada, pp. 152-158, 6-9 Aug 2002.
15. D. Motawa, A. Amin and R. Sabourin, Segmentation of Arabic Cursive Script, 4 International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR '97), Ulm, Germany, Vol. 2, pp. 625-628, 18-20 Aug 1997.
16. A. Amin and J. Mari, Machine Recognition and Correction of Printed Arabic Text, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics SMC, 19(5), pp. 1300-1306, Sep 1989.
17. A. M. Gillies, E. J. Erlandson, J. M. Trenkle, and S. G. Schlosser, Arabic Text Recognition System, Symposium on Document Image Understanding Technology, Annapolis, Maryland, 1999.
18. A. Cheung, M. Bennamoun and N. W. Bergmann, An Arabic Optical Character Recognition System using Recognition-Based Segmentation, Pattern Recognition, 34(2), pp. 215-233, Feb 2001.
19. K. Romeo-Pakker, H. Miled and Y. Lecourtie, A New Approach for Latin/Arabic Character Segmentation, 3 International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR'95), Montreal, Canada, Vol. 2, pp. 874877, 14-16 Aug 1995.
20. H. Y. Abdelazim and M. A. Hashish, Automatic Reading of Bilingual Typewritten Text, Proceedings CompEuro '89 VLSI and Computer Peripherals, VLSI and Microelectronic Applications in Intelligent Peripherals and their Interconnection Networks, Hamburg, Vol. 2, pp. 140-144, 8-12 May 1989.
21. F. Haj-Hassan, Arabic Character Recognition, In: Computer and the Arabic language, Editor: P.A.Mackay, Hemisphere, New York, pp. 113-118, 1990.
22. R. Al-Waily, A Study on Preprocessing and Syntactic Recognition of Hand-Written Arabic Characters, M.Sc. Thesis, University of Basrah, Iraq, Sep 1989.
23. th IAPR International Conference on Pattern Recognition Methodology and Systems (ICPR), The Hague, Netherlands, Vol. 2, pp. 441-445, 30 Aug - 3 Sep 1992.
24. K. Jambi, Design and Implementation of a System for Recognizing Arabic Handwritten Words with Learning Ability, Ph.D. Thesis, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Aug 1991.
25. Ali M. Obaid, A New Pattern Matching Approach to the Recognition of Printed Arabic, Workshop on Content Visualization and Intermedia Representations (CVIR'98), University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada, 1998.
26. th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS 2003), Vol. 3, pp. 1328-1331, 14-17 Dec 2003.
27. K. Hadjar and R. Ingold, Arabic Newspaper Page Segmentation, 7 International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR 2003), Edinburgh, UK, Vol. 2, pp. 895-899, 3-6 Aug 2003.
28. J. Alherbish and R. Ammar, High-Performance Arabic Character Recognition, The Journal of Systems and Software, 44(1). Pp. 53-71, Dec 1998.
29. th National Computer Conference, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Vol. 2, pp. 750-759, Nov 1992.
30. st Kuwait Computer Conference, Kuwait, pp. 448-462, Mar 1989.
31. th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Barcelona, Spain, Vol. 4, pp. 543-546, 3-7 Sep 2000.
32. I. Abuhaiba, A Discrete Arabic Script for Better Automatic Document Understanding, The Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 28(1B), pp. 77-94, Apr 2003.
33. M. Altuwaijri and M. Bayoumi, Arabic Text Recognition using Neural Networks, IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems ISCAS'94, London, Vol. 6, pp. 415-418, 30 May-2 Jun 1994.
34. th British Machine Vision Conference BMVC'99, Univ of Nottingham, UK, Vol.2, pp. 422-431, Sep 1999.
35. B. Parhami and M. Taraghi, Automatic Recognition of Printed Farsi Texts, Pattern Recognition, 14(1-6), pp. 395-403, 1981.
36. th International Symposioum on Instrument Display, Application of Digital Image Processing IV, Vol. 359, San Diego, pp. 286-292, Aug 1982.
37. A. M. Obaid and T. P. Dobrowiecki, Heuristic Approach to the Recognition of Printed Arabic Script, IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems (INES'97), Budapest, Hungary, 15-17 Sep 1997.
38. S. Mori, H. Nishida and H. Yamada, Optical Character Recognition, John Wiley, 1999.
39. H. Al-Yousefi and S. S. Udpa, Recognition of Arabic Characters, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 14(8), pp. 853-857, Aug 1992.
40. K. Omar, R. Mahmoud, M. N. Sulaiman and A. Ramli, The Removal of Secondaries of Jawi Characters, IEEE Tencon 2000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Vol. 2, pp.149-152, 2000.
41. M. M. Fahmy and H. El-Messiry, Automatic Recognition Of Typewritten Arabic Characters Using Zernike Moments as a Feature Extractor, Studies in Informatics and Control Journal, 10(3), Sep 2001.
42. A. Cheung, M. Bennamoun and N. W. Bergmann, Implementation of a Statistical Based Arabic Character Recognition System, IEEE Region 10 Annual Conference on Speech and Image Technologies for Computing and Telecommunicaitons (TENCON'97), Brisbane, Australia, Vol. 2, pp. 531-534, 2-4 Dec 1997.
43. th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Paris, France, pp. 392-395, 1986.
44. M. Fakir, M. M. Hassani, and C. Sodeyama, Recognition of Arabic Characters using Karhunen-Loeve Transform and Dynamic Programming, IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics (SMC'99), Vol. 6, pp. 868-873, 12-15 Oct 1999.
45. M. Fakir, M. Hassani and C. Sodeyama, On the Recognition of Arabic Characters using Hough Transform Technique, Malaysian Journal of Computer Science, 13(2), pp. 39-47, Dec 2000.
46. K. El Gowely, I. Dessouki and A. Nazif, Multi-Phase Recognition of Multi Font Photoscript Arabie Text, 10 International Conference on Pattern Recognition ICPR, Atlantic City, New Jersy, Vol. 1, pp. 700-702, 21 Jun 1990.
47. I. Abuhaiba, S. Mahmoud and R. Green, Recognition of Handwritten Cursive Arabic Characters, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 16(6), pp. 664-672, Jun 1994.
48. th Saudi National Computer Conference, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, pp. 733-743, Mar 1988.
49. H. Abelazim and M. Hashish, Automatic Reading of Bilingual Typewritten Text, Proceedings of CompEuro'89 VLSI and Computer Peripherals, VLSI and Microelectronic Applications in Intelligent Peripherals and their Interconnection Networks, Hamburg, Vol. 2, pp. 140-144. 8-12 May 1989.
50. F. Haj-Hassan, Arabic Character Recognition, In: Computer and the Arabic language, Editor: P. A. Mackay, Hemisphere, New York, pp. 113-118, 1990.
51. M. Sarfraz, S. N. Nawaz and A. Al-Khuraidly, Offline Arabic Text Recognition System, International Conference on Geometric Modeling and Graphics (GMAG'03), London, England, pp. 30-36, 16-18 Jul 2003.
52. rd International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR'95), Montreal, Vol. 2, pp. 865-868, 14-16 Aug 1995.
53. S. Hussain and B. I. Sarsam, Development and Evaluaiton of ANN Algorithms for Recognition of Arabic Script, International IASTED Conference, Irbid, Jordan, 1998.
54. M. F. Tolba and E. Shaddad, On the Automatic Reading of Printed Arabic Characters, IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics, Los Angeles, pp. 496-498, 4-7 Nov 1990.
55. B. Timsari and H. Fahimi, Morphological Approach to Character Recognition in Machine-Printed Persian Words, Proceeding of SPIE, Document Recognition III, San Jose, CA, 1996.
56. I. Abuhaiba, Arabic Font Recognition Based on Templates, The International Arab Journal of IT (IAJIT), 1(0), pp. 33-39, Jul 2003.
57. A. Amin and S. Al-Fedaghi, Machine Recognition of Printed Arabic Text Utilizing a Natural Language Morphology, International Journal of Man-Machine Studies IJMMS, 35(6), pp. 769-788, 1991.
58. L. Zheng, A. H. Hassin and Z. Tang, A New Algorithm for Machine Printed Arabic Character Segmentation, Pattern Recognitoin Letters, 25(15), pp. 1723-1729, Nov 2004.
59. S. S. El-Dabi, R. Ramsis and A. Kamel, Arabic Character Recognition System: A Statistical Approach for Recognizing Cursive Typewritten Text, Pattern Recognition, 23(5), pp. 485495, 1990.
60. th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition ICDAR 2001, Seattle, Washington, pp. 281-285, 10-13 Sep 2001.
61. B. M. Kurdy and A. Joukhadar, Multifont Recognition System for Arabic Characters, 3rd International Conference and Exhibition on Multi-lingual Computing (Arabic and Roman Script), University of Durham, UK, pp. 7.3.1-7.3.9, Dec 1992.
62. M. B. Kurdy and M. M. AlSabbagh, Omnifont Arabic Optical Character Recognition System, International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies: from Theory to Applications, Damascus, Syria, 19-23 Apr, 2004.
63. M. Altuwaijri and M. Bayoumi, A New Thinning Algorithm for Arabic Characters using Self-organizing Neural Network, IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS '95), Seattle, USA, Vol. 3, pp. 18241827, 28 Apr-3 May 1995.
64. M. Tellache, M. Sid-Ahmed and B. Abaza, Thinning Algorithms for Arabic OCR, IEEE Pacific Rim Conference On Communications And Signal Processing, Victoria, BC, Vol. 1, pp. 248-251, 19-24 May 1993.
65. J. Cowell and F. Hussain, Thinning Arabic Characters for Feature Extraction, IEEE Conference on Information Visualization, London, pp. 181-185, 25-27 Jul, 2001.
66. M. Altuwaijri and M. Bayoumi, A Thinning Algorithm for Arabic Characters using ART2 Neural Network, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing, 45(2), pp. 260-264, Feb 1998.
67. F. El-Khaly and M. A. Sid-Ahmed, Machine Recognition of Optically Captured Machine Printed Arabic Text, Pattern Recognition, 23(11), pp. 12071214, 1990.
68. H. Almuallim and S. Yamaguchi, A Method of Recognition of Arabic Cursive Handwriting, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 9(5), pp. 715-722, Sep 1987.
69. H. Goraine, M. Usher and S. Al-Emami, Off-Line Arabic Character Recognition, IEEE Computer, 25(7), pp. 71-74, Jul 1992.
70. H. Al-Sadoun and A. Amin, A New Structural Technique for Recognizing Printed Arabic Text, International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, 9(1), pp. 101125, 1995.
71. H. Freeman, On the Encoding of Arbitrary Geometric Configuration, IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computing EC-10, pp. 260-268, 1968.
72. Andrew Gillies, Erik Erlandson, John Trenkle, Steve Schlosser, Arabic Text Recognition System, Proceedings of the Symposium on Document Image Understanding Technology, Annapolis, Maryland, 1999.
73. th IAPR International Conference on Pattern Recognition Methodology and Systems (ICPR), Morgue - Netherlands, Vol. 2, pp. 561-564, 30 Aug - 3 Sep, 1992.
74. th International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (IWFHR'8), Niagara-on-the-Lake, CA, pp. 452-457, 6-8 Aug 2002.
75. R. Azmi and E. Kabir, A New Segmentation Technique for Omni-font Farsi Text, Pattern Recognition Letters, Vol. 22, pp.97-104, 2001.
76. Y. Al-Ohali, Development and Evaluation Environment for Typewritten Arabic Character Recognition, M.Sc. Thesis, King Saud University, Riyadh, 1995.
77. T. S. El-Sheikh and R. M. Guindi, Computer Recognition of Arabic Cursive Scripts, Pattern Recognition, 21(4), pp. 293-302, 1988.
78. F. Al-Fakhri, On-line Computer Recognition of Handwritten Arabic Text, M.Sc. Thesis, USM, Malaysia, 1997.
79. th National Computer Conference, KFUPM, 1-13 Nov 1997.
80. A. M. Elgammal and M. Ismail, A Graph-Based Segmentation and Feature Extraction Framework for Arabic Text Recognition, 6 International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR 2001), Seattle, Washington, pp. 622-626, 10-13 Sep 2001.
81. M. Harba and N. Y. Li, Parallel Digital Learning Networks for Segmentation and Recognition of Machine Printed Arabic Text, International Conference on Robotics, Vision and Parallel Processing for Industrial Automation (ROVPIA'96), University of Sains Malaysia, Ipoh, Malaysia, pp. 228-232, 28-30 Nov 1996.
82. S. Al-Emami, Machine Recognition of Handwritten and Typewritten Arabic Characters, Ph.D Thesis, Department of Cybernetics, University of Reading, Sep 1988.
83. H. Miled and N. Ben Amara, Planar Markov Modeling for Arabic Writing Recognition: Advancement State, Sixth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition ICDAR 2001, Seattle, Washington, USA, pp. 69-73, 10-13 Sep 2001.
84. A. Hamid, R. Haraty, A Neuro-heuristic Approach for Segmenting Handwritten Arabic Text, ACS/IEEE International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications (AICCSA 2001), Beirut, Lebanon, pp. 110-113, 25-29, Jun 2001.
85. C. Olivier, H. Miled, K. Romeo-Pakker and Y. Lecourtier, Segmentation and Coding of Arabic Handwritten Words, International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR '96), Vienna, Austria, Vol. 3, pp. 264-268, 25-29 Aug 1996.
86. rd International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR'95), Montreal, Canada, Vol. 2, pp. 869-873, 1995.
87. C. La Pre, Y. Zhao, R. Schwartz and J. Makhoul, Multi- Font Off-Line Arabic Character Recognition Using the BBN Byblos Speech Recognition System IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP'96), Atlanta, USA, Vol. 4, pp. 2136-2139, May 1996.
88. th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 1990.
89. B. Bushofa and M. Spann, Segmentation of Arabic Characters Using their Contour Information, 13th International Conference on Digital Signal Processing Proceedings (DSP'97), Santorini, Greece, Vol. 2, pp. 683-686, 24 Jul 1997.