Field testing of uniaxial compression strength of columnar sea ice

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Volumn 48, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 1-14

  Moslet, P O ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY CENTRE IN SVALBARD   (Norway)

Author keywords

Compression; Porosity; Sea ice; Uniaxial strength

Indexed keywords

BRITTLENESS; COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH; COMPUTER SIMULATION; DENSITY MEASUREMENT (SPECIFIC GRAVITY); DUCTILITY; ELASTIC MODULI; POROSITY; SALINITY MEASUREMENT; TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT;

AIR VOLUME; UNIAXIAL TRENGTH;

SEA ICE;

BRITTLE MEDIUM; COMPRESSION; DUCTILITY; ICE MECHANICS; POROSITY; SEA ICE; UNIAXIAL STRENGTH; YOUNG MODULUS;

ARCTIC; SVALBARD; SVALBARD AND JAN MAYEN;

EID: 33847319215     PISSN: 0165232X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2006.08.025     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Anderson D.L., and Weeks W.F. A theoretical analysis of sea-ice strength. Transactions, American Geophysical Union 39 4 (1958) 632-640
2. Aota M., Oshima M., Yashima N., Matsunaga E., Matushita H., Konosu M., and Takahashi H. Effect of natural defects on sea ice loading. Proceedings of the 5th International Mechanics and Arctic Engineering (OMAE), Tokyo, Japan (1986) 521-527
3. Assur A. Composition of sea ice and its tensile strength. Proceedings of the Arctic Sea Ice Conference, Easton, USA (1958) 106-138
4. Barnes P., Tabor D., and Walker J.C.F. The friction and creep of polycrystalline ice. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A vol. 324 (1971) 127-155
5. Bjerkås M. Compressive behaviour of Norwegian Arctic sea ice under vertical and horizontal loading. UNIS AT-208 Students Report Spring 2003 (2003), University Centre on Svalbard 10 pp.
6. Butkovich T.R. On the mechanical properties of sea ice, Thule, Greenland, 1957. U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Research Report 54 (1959) 11 pp.
7. Cole, D.M., Dempsey, J.P. (submitted for publication): Laboratory observations of acoustic emissions from sea ice cores under cyclic loading. Post-proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions (POAC), Potsdam, USA.
8. Cox G.F.N., and Weeks W.F. Equations for determining the gas and brine volumes in sea-ice samples. Journal of Glaciology 29 102 (1983) 306-316
9. Cox G.F.N., and Weeks W.F. Changes in the salinity and porosity of sea-ice samples during shipping and storage. Journal of Glaciology 32 112 (1986) 371-375
10. Frankenstein G., and Garner R. Equations for determining the brine volume of sea ice from - 0.5° to - 22.9 °C. Journal of Glaciology 6 48 (1967) 943-944
11. Frederking R.M.W., and Timco G.W. NRC ice property measurements during the Canmar Kigoriak trials in the Beaufort Sea, winter 1979-80. Division of Building Research Paper vol. 947 (1980) 63
12. Frederking R., and Timco G.W. Uniaxial compressive strength and deformation of Beaufort sea ice. Proceedings of the 7th Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions, Helsinki, Finland (1983) 89-98
13. Frederking R.M.W., and Timco G.W. Compressive behaviour of Beaufort Sea ice under vertical and horizontal loading. Proceedings of the 3rd International Mechanics and Arctic Engineering (OMAE), New Orleans, USA (1984) 145-149
14. Frost H.J. Mechanisms of crack nucleation in ice. Engineering Fracture Mechanics 68 (2001) 1823-1837
15. Gagnon R.E., and Gammon P.H. Triaxial experiments on iceberg and glacier ice. Journal of Glaciology 41 139 (1995) 528-540
16. Gans H.D., and Woodmansee P.R. An improved method of modeling porous materials using finite elements. Computers & Structures 44 5 (1992) 1055-1063
17. Glen J.W. The creep of polycrystalline ice. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series A vol. 228 (1955) 519-538
18. Gold L.W. The process of failure of columnar-grained ice. Philosophical Magazine. A 26 2 (1972) 311-328
19. Høyland K.V., Kjestveit G., Heinonen J., and Määttänen M. LOLEIF ridge experiments at Marjanemi; the size and strength of the consolidated layer. Proceedings of the 15th International Symposium on Ice (IAHR), Gdansk, Poland (2000) 45-52
20. Høyland K.V., Bjerkås M., and Vernyayev S. Mechanical properties of ice ridges and level ice, in-situ and laboratory testing 2003. Proceedings of the 17th International Symposium on Ice (IAHR), St. Petersburg, Russia (2004) 69-75
21. Kuehn G.A., and Schulson E.M. The mechanical properties of saline ice under uniaxial compression. Annals of Glaciology 19 (1994) 39-48
22. Lake R.A., and Lewis E.L. Salt rejection by sea ice during growth. Journal of Geophysical Research 75 3 (1970) 583-597
23. Leppäranta M., and Manninen T. The brine and gas content of sea ice with attention to low salinities and high temperatures. Finnish Institute of Marine Research, Internal Report 1988 (2) (1988) 14 pp.
24. Mellor M., and Testa R. Effect of temperature on the creep of ice. Journal of Glaciology 8 52 (1969) 131-145
25. Moslet P.O., and Høyland K.V. Sea ice - vertical pile interaction experiment, Part II: test results 2003. Proceedings of the 17th International Symposium on Ice (IAHR), St. Petersburg, Russia (2004) 17-22
26. Moslet P.O., Liferov P., Nilsen R., Høyland K.V., Bjerkås M., Bonnemaire B., Dybdahl J., and Løset S. Sea ice - vertical pile interaction experiment, Part I: test set-up and ice properties. Proceedings of the 17th International Symposium on Ice (IAHR), St. Petersburg, Russia (2004) 11-16
27. Moslet P.O., Bonnemaire B., Valkonen J., Høyland K.V., Liferov P., Bjerkås M., Dybdahl J., and Løset S. Sea ice - vertical pile interaction experiment, Part III: Test results 2004. In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions (POAC), Potsdam, USA (2005) 471-480
28. Nakawo M., and Sinha N.K. Growth rate and salinity profile of first-year sea ice in the high Arctic. Journal of Glaciology 27 96 (1981) 315-330
29. Peyton H.R. Sea ice strength. Final Report of Naval Research Arctic Project for Period 1958-1965 (1966) 285 pp.
30. Peyton H.R. Sea-ice strength-effects of load rates and salt reinforcement. Proceedings of the Symposium on Arctic Drifting Stations, Warrenton, USA (1968) 197-216
31. Pounder E.R. The Physics of Ice (1965), Pergamon Press 151 pp.
32. Richter-Menge J.A., and Cox G.F.N. The creep of saline ice at low stresses and high temperatures. Proceedings of the 5th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE), The Hague, The Netherlands vol. 2 (1995) 312-316
33. Sanderson T.J.O. Ice Mechanics - Risks to Offshore Structures, BP Petroleum Development Ltd., London (1988), Graham and Trotman 253 pp.
34. Shafrova, S., Moslet, P.O., 2006a. In-situ uniaxial compression tests of level ice. Part I: ice strength variability versus length scale. Proceedings of the 25th International Mechanics and Arctic Engineering (OMAE), Hamburg, Germany, OMAE-92451.
35. Shafrova S, Moslet, P.O., 2006b. In-situ uniaxial compression tests of level ice. Part II: ice strength spatial distribution. 25th International Mechanics and Arctic Engineering (OMAE), Hamburg, Germany, OMAE-92451.
36. Sinha N.K. Rheology of columnar-grained ice. Experimental Mechanics 18 12 (1978) 464-470
37. Sinha N.K. Grain boundary sliding in polycrystalline materials. Philosophical Magazine. A 40 6 (1979) 825-842
38. Sinha N.K. Rate-sensitivity of compressive strength of columnar-grained ice. Experimental Mechanics 21 6 (1981) 209-218
39. Sinha N.K. Delayed elastic strain criterion for first cracks in ice. Proceedings of the IUTAM Conference on Deformation and Failure of Granular Materials (1982) 323-330
40. Sinha N.K. Field test 1 of compressive strength of first-year sea ice. Annals of Glaciology 4 (1983) 253-259
41. Sinha N.K. Field tests on rate sensitivity of vertical strength and deformation of first-year columnar sea ice. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions (POAC), Helsinki, Finland (1983) 231-242
42. Sinha N.K. Uniaxial compressive strength of first-year and multi-year sea ice. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 11 (1984) 82-91
43. Sinha N.K. The borehole jack - is it a useful Arctic tool?. Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 109 (1987) 391-397
44. Sinha N.K. Elasticity of natural types of polycrystalline ice. Cold Regions Science and Technology 17 (1989) 127-135
45. Sinha N.K., and Frederking R.M.W. Effect of system stiffness on strength of ice. Proceedings of the 1st Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions (POAC), Trondheim, Norway (1979) 708-717
46. Sinha N.K., and Zhan C. Primary dendrite spacing in land-fast polar sea ice. Journal of Materials Science Letters 15 (1996) 2118-2121
47. Sinha N.K., Zhan C., and Evgin E. Effect of boundary conditions on borehole indentor test results. Proceedings of the 12th International Mechanics and Arctic Engineering (OMAE), Glasgow, UK (1993) 65-72
48. Smith T.R., and Schulson E.M. Brittle compressive failure of salt-water columnar ice under biaxial loading. Journal of Glaciology 40 135 (1994) 265-276
49. Timco G.W., and Frederking R. A procedure to account for machine stiffness in uni-axial compression tests. Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Ice (IAHR), Hamburg, Germany (1984) 39-47
50. Timco G.W., and Frederking R.M.W. Confined compression tests: outlining the failure envelope of columnar sea ice. Cold Regions Science and Technology 12 (1986) 13-28
51. Timco G.W., and Frederking R.M.W. Compressive strength of sea ice sheets. Cold Regions Science and Technology 17 (1990) 227-240
52. Timco G.W., and Frederking R.M.W. Seasonal compressive strength of Beaufort sea ice sheets. Ice-Structure Interaction, IUTAM-IAHR Symposium, St. Johns, Canada (1991) 267-282
53. UNESCO. Eight Report of the Joint Panel of Oceanographic Tables and Standards, Woods Hole. UNESCO Technical Paper in Marine Sciences, No. 28 (1978) 29-35
54. UNESCO. Background papers and supporting data on the International Equation of State of Seawater 1980. UNESCO Technical paper in Marine Sciences, No. 38 (1981) 7
55. Urabe N., and Inoue M. Mechanical properties of Antarctic sea ice. Proceedings of the 5th International Mechanics and Arctic Engineering (OMAE), Tokyo, Japan (1986) 303-309
56. Weeks W.F., and Assur A. The mechanical properties of sea ice. Cold Regions Science and Engineering, Part 2, Section C (1967) 80 pp
57. Weeks W.F., and Lofgren G. The effective solute distribution coefficient during the freezing of NaCl solutions. Proceedings of the International Conference on Low Temperature Science, Physics of Snow and Ice vol. 1 (1967) 579-597
58. Weiss J., and Schulson E.M. Grain-boundary sliding and crack nucleation in ice. Philosophical Magazine. A 80 2 (2000) 279-300
59. Zhijun L., and Ziwang W. On the application of ice porosity in the analysis of ice compressive strength. Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Ice (IAHR), Beijing, China (1996) 80-85