New methods to measure liquid permeability in porous materials

Cement and Concrete Research

Volumn 37, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 386-397

  Scherer, George W ^a   Valenza II, John J ^a   Simmons, Gregory ^a  

^a Princeton University   (United States)

Author keywords

Difussion; Permeability; Pore size; Tortuosity

Indexed keywords

CEMENTS; DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS; MORTAR; PORE SIZE; POROUS MATERIALS;

LIQUID PERMEABILITY; TORTUOSITY;

MECHANICAL PERMEABILITY;

EID: 33847281817     PISSN: 00088846     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2006.09.020     Document Type: Article

References (93)

1. Pigeon M., and Pleau R. Durability of Concrete in Cold Climates (1995), E & FN Spon, London
2. Scherer G.W., and Valenza II J.J. Mechanisms of Frost Damage. In: Skalny J., and Young F. (Eds). Materials Science of Concrete vol. VII (2005), American Ceramic Society 209-246
3. Scherer G.W. Stress from crystallization of salt. Cem. Concr. Res. 34 (2004) 1613-1624
4. El-Dieb A.S., and Hooton R.D. Water-permeability measurement of high performance concrete using a high-pressure triaxial cell. Cem. Concr. Res. 25 6 (1995) 1199-1208
5. Powers T.C., Copeland L.E., and Mann M. Capillary Continuity or Discontinuity in Cement Pastes. J. Portland Cem. Assoc. Res. Dev. Lab. (May 1959) 38-48
6. Happel J., and Brenner H. Low Reynolds Number Hydrodynamics (1986), Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht
7. Jefferis S.A., and Mangabhai R.J. The divided flow permeameter. In: Roberts L.R., and Skalny J.P. (Eds). Pore Structure and Permeability of Cementitious Materials vol. 137 (1989), Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, PA 209-214
8. El-Dieb A.S., and Hooton R.D. A high pressure triaxial cell with improved measurement sensitivity for saturated water permeability of high performance concrete. Cem. Concr. Res. 24 5 (1994) 854-862
9. Hooton R.D. What is needed in a permeability test for evaluation of concrete quality?. In: Roberts L.R., and Skalny J.P. (Eds). Pore Structure and Permeability of Cementitious Materials vol. 137 (1989), Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, PA 141-149
10. Bier T.A., Ludirdja D., Young J.F., and Berger R.L. The effect of pore structure and cracking on the permeability of concrete. In: Roberts L.R., and Skalny J.P. (Eds). Pore Structure and Permeability of Cementitious Materials vol. 137 (1989), Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, PA 235-241
11. Banthia N., Biparva A., and Mindess S. Permeability of concrete under stress. Cem. Concr. Res. 35 (2005) 1651-1655
12. Hooton R.D., and Wakeley L.D. Influence of test conditions on water permeability of concrete in a triaxial cell. In: Roberts L.R., and Skalny J.P. (Eds). Pore Structure and Permeability of Cementitious Materials vol. 137 (1989), Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, PA 157-164
13. Brace W.F., Walsh J.B., and Frangos W.T. Permeability of Granite under High Pressure. J. Geophys. Res. 73 (1968) 2225-2236
14. Hsieh P.A., Tracy J.V., Neuzil C.E., Bredehoeft J.D., and Silliman S.E. A transient laboratory method for determining the hydraulic properties of "tight" rocks I. Theory. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Geomech. Abstr. 18 (1981) 245-252
15. El-Dieb A.S., and Hooton R.D. A high pressure triaxial cell with improved measurement sensitivity for saturated water permeability of high performance concrete. Cem. Concr. Res. 24 5 (1994) 854-862
16. Hooton R.D., and El-Dieb A.S. Evaluation of water permeability of high performance concrete. In: Sakai K., Banthia N., and Gjørv O.E. (Eds). Concrete Under Severe Conditions vol. 1 (1995), EF&N Spoon, London 423-432
17. Nyame B.K., and Illston J.M. Relationships between permeability and pore structure of hardened cement paste. Mag. Concr. Res. 33 116 (1981) 139-146
18. Scherer G.W. Bending of gel beams: method of characterizing mechanical properties and permeability. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 142 1-2 (1992) 18-35
19. Scherer G.W. Measuring permeability of rigid materials by a beam-bending method: I. Theory. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 83 9 (2000) 2231-2239
20. Erratum. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 87 8 (2004) 1612-1613
21. Scherer G.W. Measuring permeability of rigid materials by a beam-bending method: IV. Transversely isotropic plate. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 87 8 (2004) 1517-1524
22. Coussy O. Poromechanics (2004), Wiley, West Sussex, England
23. Biot M.A. General theory of three-dimensional consolidation. J. Appl. Phys. 12 (1941) 155-164
24. Vichit-Vadakan W., and Scherer G.W. Measuring permeability of rigid materials by a beam-bending method: II. Porous Vycor. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 83 9 (2000) 2240-2245
25. Erratum. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 87 8 (2004) 1614
26. Vichit-Vadakan W., and Scherer G.W. Measuring permeability of rigid materials by a beam-bending method: III. Cement paste. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 85 6 (2002) 1537-1544
27. Erratum. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 87 8 (2004) 1615
28. Vichit-Vadakan W., and Scherer G.W. Measuring permeability and stress relaxation of young cement paste by beam-bending. Cem. Concr. Res. 33 (2003) 1925-1932
29. Valenza II J.J., and Scherer G.W. Measuring permeability of rigid materials by a beam-bending method: V. Isotropic rectangular plates of cement paste. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 87 10 (2004) 1927-1931
30. G.C. Simmons, "Thermopermeametry of Sand Mortars", Senior thesis, Dept. Civil & Env. Eng., Princeton University, (2005).
31. Debye P., and Cleland R.L. Flow of liquid hydrocarbons in porous Vycor. J. Appl. Phys. 30 6 (1959) 843-849
32. Lin M.Y., Abeles B., Huang J.S., Stasiewski H.E., and Zhang Q. Viscous flow and diffusion of liquids in microporous glasses. Phys. Rev., B 46 1 (1992) 10701-10705
33. Levitz P. Statistical modeling of pore network. In: Sing K. (Ed). Handbook of Porous Media vol. 1 (2002), Wiley-VCH 37-80
34. Nordberg M.E. Properties of some Vycor-brand glasses. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 27 10 (1944) 299-305
35. Sellevold E.J., and Richards C.W. Short-time creep transition for hardened cement paste. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 55 6 (1972) 284-289
36. Scherer G.W., Hdach H., and Phalippou J. Thermal expansion of gels: a novel method for measuring permeability. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 130 (1991) 157-170
37. Errata. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 194 (1996) 326
38. Scherer G.W. Measuring permeability by the thermal expansion method for rigid or highly permeable gels. J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 3 (1994) 31-40
39. Scherer G.W. Thermal expansion kinetics: method to measure permeability of cementitious materials: I, Theory. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 83 11 (2000) 2753-2761
40. Erratum. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 87 8 (2004) 1609-1610
41. Ai H., Young J.F., and Scherer G.W. Thermal expansion kinetics: method to measure permeability of cementitious materials: II, application to hardened cement paste. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 84 2 (2001) 385-391
42. Erratum. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 87 8 (2004) 1611
43. Scherer G.W. Thermal expansion kinetics: method to measure permeability of cementitious materials: III, Effect of viscoelasticity. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 87 8 (2004) 1509-1516
44. Ciardullo J.P., Sweeney D.J., and Scherer G.W. Thermal expansion kinetics: method to measure permeability of cementitious materials: IV, effect of thermal gradients. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 88 5 (2005) 1213-1221
45. Valenza J.J., and Scherer G.W. Evidence of anomalous thermal expansion of water in cement paste. Cem. Concr. Res. 35 (2005) 57-66
46. Helmuth R.A. Dimensional changes of hardened Portland cement pastes caused by temperature changes. Proc. Highway Res. Board 40 (1961) 315-335
47. Wittmann F., and Lukas J. "Experimental study of thermal expansion of hardened cement paste". Matér. Constr. 7 4 (1974) 247-252
48. Ai H., and Young J.F. Volume stability of densified cement pastes. In: Cohen M., Mindess S., and Skalny J. (Eds). Materials Science of Concrete-Sidney Diamond Symposium (1998), Am. Ceram. Soc., Westerville, OH 493-507
49. Bazant Z.P. Delayed thermal dilatations of cement paste and concrete due to mass transport. Nucl. Eng. Des. 14 (1970) 308-318
50. Gross J., and Scherer G.W. Dynamic pressurization: novel method for measuring fluid permeability. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 325 (2003) 34-47
51. G.W., Scherer,, "Dynamic Pressurization Method for Measuring Permeability and Modulus: I. Theory", Materials and Structures, doi:10.1617/s11527-006-9124-x (available online).
52. Z.C. Grasley, G.W. Scherer, D.A. Lange, and J.J. Valenza II, "Dynamic Pressurization Method for Measuring Permeability and Modulus: II. Cementitious materials", Materials and Structures, in press.
53. Grasley Z.C., Valenza II J.J., Scherer G.W., and Lange D.A. Measuring permeability and bulk modulus of cementitious materials. In: Pijaudier-Cabot G., Gérard B., and Acker P. (Eds). Creep, Shrinkage and Durability of Concrete and Concrete Structures (2005), Hermes, London 213-218
54. Skoczylas F., Coussy O., and Lafhaj Z. Sur la fiabilité des mesures des perméabilités hétérogènes par injection de gaz (On the reliability of measurements of heterogeneous permeability by injection of gas). Rev. Fr. Génie Civ. 7 (2003) 4
55. Scherer G.W. Hydraulic radius and mesh size of gels. J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 1 (1994) 285-291
56. Adler P.M. Hydrodynamic transport in and around fractal porous media. Characterization of Porous Solids (1988), Elsevier, Amsterdam 433-439
57. Scherer G.W., Alviso C., Pekala R., and Gross J. Permeability and structure of re-sorcinol-formaldehyde gels. In: Lobo R.F., Beck J.S., Suib S.L., Corbin D.R., Davis M.E., Iton L.E., and Zones S.I. (Eds). Microporous and Macroporous Materials. MRS Symp. Proc. vol. 431 (1996), Mater. Res. Soc., Pittsburgh, PA 497-503
58. Scherer G.W. Effect of drying on properties of silica gel. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 215 2,3 (1997) 155-168
59. Packer K.J. The dynamics of water in heterogeneous systems. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., B 278 (1977) 59-87
60. Bruni R., Ricci M.A., and Soper A.K. Water confined in Vycor glass. I. A neutron diffraction study. J. Chem. Phys. 109 4 (1998) 1478-1485
61. Gallo P., Ricci M.A., and Rovere M. Layer analysis of the structure of water confined in Vycor glass. J. Chem. Phys. 116 1 (2002) 342-346
62. Zhu S.-B., and Robinson G.W. Structure and dynamics of liquid water between plates. J. Chem. Phys. 94 2 (1991) 1403-1410
63. Katz A.J., and Thompson A.H. Quantitative prediction of permeability in porous rock. Phys. Rev., B 34 11 (1986) 8179-8181
64. Katz A.J., and Thompson A.H. Prediction of rock electrical conductivity from mercury injection measurements. J. Geophys. Res. 92 B1 (1987) 599-607
65. Johnson D.L., Koplik J., and Schwartz L.M. New pore-size parameter characterizing transport in porous media. Phys. Rev. Lett. 57 20 (1986) 2564-2567
66. Sen P.N. Time-dependent diffusion coefficient as a probe of geometry. Concepts Magn. Reson. 23A 1 (2004) 1-21
67. C. Pacheco and Sonya Xu, Princeton University, unpublished results.
68. Derjaguin B.V., Karasev V.V., and Khromova E.N. Thermal expansion of water in fine pores. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 109 2 (1986) 586-587
69. Xu S., Simmons G.C., and Scherer G.W. Thermal expansion and viscosity of confined liquids. In: Fourkas J.T., Levitz P., Urbakh M., and Wahl K.J. (Eds). Dynamics of Small Confining Systems. Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. vol. 790 (2004), Materials Res. Soc., Warrendale 85-91 P.6.8.1-7
70. T.S. Mahadavan and S.H. Garofalini, "Molecular dynamics simulations of confined water in silica", J. Phys. Chemistry (in press).
71. S. Xu, T.S. Mahadavan, S.H. Garofalini, and G.W. Scherer, "Thermal expansion of water in porous glasses", Langmuir (submitted for publication).
72. Mehta P.K., and Manmohan D. Pore size distribution and permeability of hardened cement pastes. Proc. 7th Int. Cong. Cement Chem. vol. III (1988), Editions Septima, Paris VII-1-VII-5
73. Nyame B.K., and Illston J.M. Capillary pore structure and permeability of hardened cement paste. Proc. 7th Int. Cong. Cement Chem. vol. III (1988), Editions Septima, Paris VII-181-VII-185
74. El-Dieb A.S., and Hooton R.D. Evaluation of the Katz-Thosmpson model for estimating the water permeability of cement-based materials from mercury intrusion porosimetry data. Cem. Concr. Res. 24 3 (1994) 443-455
75. Garboczi E.J. Permeability, diffusivity, and microstructural parameters: a critical review. Cem. Concr. Res. 20 (1990) 591-601
76. Christensen B.J., Mason T.O., and Jennings H.M. Comparison of measured and calculated permeabilites for hardened cement pastes. Cem. Concr. Res. 26 9 (1996) 1325-1334
77. Baroghel-Bouny V., Mainguy M., and Coussy O. Isothermal drying process in weakly permeable cementitious materials - assessment of water permeability. In: Hooton R.D., Thomas M.D.A., Marchand J., and Beaudoin J.J. (Eds). Materials Science of Concrete Special Volume: Ion and Mass Transport in Cement-Based Materials (2001), Am. Ceram. Soc., Westerville, OH 59-80
78. V. Baroghel-Bouny, private communication.
79. El-Dieb A.S., and Hooton R.D. Evaluation of the Katz-Thompson model for estimating the water permeability of cement-based materials from mercury intrusion porosimetry data. Cem. Concr. Res. 24 3 (1994) 443-455
80. Tumidajski P.J., and Lin B. On the validity of the Katz-Thompson equation for permeabilities in concrete. Cem. Concr. Res. 28 5 (1998) 643-647
81. Thomas J.J., Jennings H.M., and Allen A.J. The surface area of hardened cement paste as measured by various techniques. Concr. Sci. Eng. 1 (1999) 45-64
82. Olson R.A., Neubauer C.M., and Jennings H.M. Damage to the pore structure of hardened Portland cement paste by mercury intrusion. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 80 9 (1997) 2454-2458
83. Halperin W.P., Jehng J.-Y., and Song Y.-Q. Application of spin-spin relaxation to measurement of surface area and pore size distributions in a hydrating cement paste. Magn. Res. Imaging 12 (1994) 169-173
84. Prado P.J., Balcom B.J., Beyea S.D., Bremner T.W., Armstrong R.L., and Grattan-Bellew P.E. Concrete freeze/thaw as studied by magnetic resonance imaging. Cem. Concr. Res. 28 2 (1998) 261-270
85. Beyea S.D., Balcom B.J., Bremner T.W., Armstrong R.L., and Grattan-Bellew P.E. Detection of drying-induced microcracking in cementitious materials with space-resolved 1H nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 86 5 (2003) 800-805
86. Korb J.P., Petit D., Philippot S., Zanni H., Maret V., and Cheyrezy M. Nuclear relaxation of water confined in reactive powder concrete. In: Colomber P., Grimmer A.R., Zanni H., and Sozzani P. (Eds). Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Cement-based Materials (1998) 333-343
87. Fagerlund G. Determination of pore-size distribution from freezing-point depression. Matér. Constr. 6 33 (1973) 215-225
88. Brun M., Lallemand A., Quinson J.F., and Eyraud C. A new method for the simultaneous determination of the size and the shape of pores: the thermoporometry. Thermochim. Acta 21 (1977) 59-88
89. Villadsen J. Pore structure in cement based materials. Tech. Rep., 0908-3871 vol. 277 (1992), Building Materials Lab., Technical Univ., Denmark
90. In: Colombet P., Grimmer A.-R., Zanni H., and Sozzani P. (Eds). Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Cement-Based Materials (1998), Springer, Berlin
91. Derouane E. Étude par résonance magnétique nucléaire de haute résolution du pseudo-liquid dans les systèmes adsorbés. Acad. R. Belge., Bull. Ch. Sci. 54 10 (1968) 1341-1351
92. Jehng J.-Y., Sprague D.T., and Halperin W.P. Pore structure of hydrating cement paste by magnetic resonance relaxation analysis and freezing. Magn. Res. Imaging 14 7/8 (1996) 785-791
93. Scherer G.W., Smith D.M., and Stein D. Deformation of aerogels during characterization. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 186 (1995) 309-315