What Endocrinologists Should Know About Growth Hormone Measurements

Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America

Volumn 36, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 101-108

  Bidlingmaier, Martin ^a   Strasburger, Christian J ^b  

^a LUDWIG MAXIMILIANS UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^b CHARITÉ UNIVERSITÄTSMEDIZIN BERLIN   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GROWTH HORMONE; GROWTH HORMONE BINDING PROTEIN; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; POLYCLONAL ANTIBODY;

ACROMEGALY; CALIBRATION; GROWTH HORMONE BLOOD LEVEL; GROWTH HORMONE DEFICIENCY; GROWTH HORMONE RELEASE; HEALTH CARE QUALITY; HORMONE DETERMINATION; HUMAN; ISOTOPE LABELING; LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS; PATIENT CARE; PATIENT SATISFACTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROVOCATION TEST; REVIEW; STANDARD;

BLOOD SPECIMEN COLLECTION; ENDOCRINOLOGY; GROWTH HORMONE; HUMANS; LABORATORY TECHNIQUES AND PROCEDURES; RECOMBINANT PROTEINS; REFERENCE STANDARDS;

EID: 33847275118     PISSN: 08898529     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2006.11.004     Document Type: Review

References (53)

1. GH Research Society. Consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of growth hormone (GH) deficiency in childhood and adolescence: summary statement of the GH Research Society. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85 11 (2000) 3990-3993
2. Attanasio A., Attie K., Baxter R., et al. Consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of adults with growth hormone deficiency: Summary statement of the Growth Hormone Research Society workshop on adult growth hormone deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83 (1998) 379-381
3. Molitch M.E., Clemmons D.R., Malozowski S., et al. Evaluation and treatment of adult growth hormone deficiency: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91 5 (2006) 1621-1634
4. Giustina A., Barkan A., Casanueva F.F., et al. Criteria for cure of acromegaly: a consensus statement. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85 2 (2000) 526-529
5. Biochemical assessment and long-term monitoring in patients with acromegaly: statement from a joint consensus conference of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the Pituitary Society. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89 7 (2004) 3099-3102
6. Biller B.M., Samuels M.H., Zagar A., et al. Sensitivity and specificity of six tests for the diagnosis of adult GH deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87 5 (2002) 2067-2079
7. Ghigo E., Bellone J., Aimaretti G., et al. Reliability of provocative tests to assess growth hormone secretory status. Study in 472 normally growing children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81 9 (1996) 3323-3327
8. Aimaretti G., Corneli G., Razzore P., et al. Comparison between insulin-induced hypoglycemia and growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone + arginine as provocative tests for the diagnosis of GH deficiency in adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83 (1998) 1615-1618
9. Hoeck H.C., Jakobsen P.E., Vestergaard P., et al. Differences in reproducibility and peak growth hormone responses to repeated testing with various stimulators in healthy adults. Growth Horm IGF Res 9 1 (1999) 18-24
10. Petersenn S., Jung R., and Beil F.U. Diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency in adults by testing with GHRP-6 alone or in combination with GHRH: comparison with the insulin tolerance test. Eur J Endocrinol 146 5 (2002) 667-672
11. Veldhuis J.D., Patrie J., Wideman L., et al. Contrasting negative-feedback control of endogenously driven and exercise-stimulated pulsatile growth hormone secretion in women and men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89 2 (2004) 840-846
12. Pfeifer M., Kanc K., Verhovec R., et al. Reproducibility of the insulin tolerance test (ITT) for assessment of growth hormone and cortisol secretion in normal and hypopituitary adult men. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 54 1 (2001) 17-22
13. Darzy K.H., Aimaretti G., Wieringa G., et al. The usefulness of the combined growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone and arginine stimulation test in the diagnosis of radiation-induced GH deficiency is dependent on the post-irradiation time interval. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88 1 (2003) 95-102
14. Bonert V.S., Elashoff J.D., Barnett P., et al. Body mass index determines evoked growth hormone (GH) responsiveness in normal healthy male subjects: diagnostic caveat for adult GH deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89 7 (2004) 3397-3401
15. Qu X.D., Gaw Gonzalo I.T., Al Sayed M.Y., et al. Influence of body mass index and gender on growth hormone (GH) responses to GH-releasing hormone plus arginine and insulin tolerance tests. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90 3 (2005) 1563-1569
16. Butler J. Role of biochemical test in assessing need for growth hormone therapy in children with short stature: Royal College of Pathologists Clinical Audit Project. Ann Clin Biochem 38 1 (2001) i-xxiii
17. Rakover Y., Lavi I., Masalah R., et al. Comparison between four immunoassays for growth hormone (GH) measurement as guides to clinical decisions following GH provocative tests. [in process citation]. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 13 6 (2000) 637-643
18. Derr R.L., Cameron S.J., and Golden S.H. Pre-analytic considerations for the proper assessment of hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in epidemiological research. Eur J Epidemiol 21 3 (2006) 217-226
19. Evans M.J., Livesey J.H., Ellis M.J., et al. Effect of anticoagulants and storage temperatures on stability of plasma and serum hormones. Clin Biochem 34 2 (2001) 107-112
20. Bidlingmaier F., Geilenkeuser W.J., Kruse R., et al. Our experience with quality control in current growth hormone assays. Horm Res 36 Suppl 1 (1991) 1-4
21. Seth J., Ellis A., and Al-Sadie R. Serum growth hormone measurements in clinical practice: an audit of performance from the UK National External Quality Assessment scheme. Horm Res 51 Suppl 1 (1999) 13-19
22. Morsky P., Tiikkainen U., Ruokonen A., et al. Problematic determination of serum growth hormone: experience from external quality assurance surveys 1998-2003. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 65 5 (2005) 377-386
23. Tanaka T., Tachibana K., Shimatsu A., et al. A nationwide attempt to standardize growth hormone assays. Horm Res 64 Suppl 2 (2005) 6-11
24. Celniker A.C., Chen A.B., Wert Jr. R.M., et al. Variability in the quantitation of circulating growth hormone using commercial immunoassays. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 68 2 (1989) 469-476
25. Granada M.L., Sanmarti A., Lucas A., et al. Assay-dependent results of immunoassayable spontaneous 24-hour growth hormone secretion in short children. Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl 370 (1990) 63-70 [discussion: 71]
26. Markkanen H., Pekkarinen T., Valimaki M.J., et al. Effect of sex and assay method on serum concentrations of growth hormone in patients with acromegaly and in healthy controls. Clin Chem 52 3 (2006) 468-473
27. Hauffa B.P., Lehmann N., Bettendorf M., et al. Central reassessment of GH concentrations measured at local treatment centers in children with impaired growth: consequences for patient management. Eur J Endocrinol 150 3 (2004) 291-297
28. Juul A., Bernasconi S., Clayton P.E., et al. European audit of current practice in diagnosis and treatment of childhood growth hormone deficiency. Horm Res 58 5 (2002) 233-241
29. Wieringa G.E., Barth J.H., and Trainer P.J. Growth hormone assay standardization: a biased view?. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 60 5 (2004) 538-539
30. Trainer P.J., Barth J., Sturgeon C., et al. Consensus statement on the standardisation of GH assays. Eur J Endocrinol 155 1 (2006) 1-2
31. Baumann G. Growth hormone heterogeneity: genes, isohormones, variants, and binding proteins. Endocr Rev 12 4 (1991) 424-449
32. Cooke N.E., Ray J., Watson M.A., et al. Human growth hormone gene and the highly homologous growth hormone variant gene display different splicing patterns. J Clin Invest 82 1 (1988) 270-275
33. Igout A., Van Beeumen J., Frankenne F., et al. Purification and biochemical characterization of recombinant human placental growth hormone produced in Escherichia coli. Biochem J 295 (1993) 719-724
34. Hirt H., Kimelman J., Birnbaum M.J., et al. The human growth hormone gene locus: structure, evolution, and allelic variations. DNA 6 (1987) 59-70
35. Chapman G.E., Rogers K.M., Brittain T., et al. The 20,000 molecular weight variant of human growth hormone. Preparation and some physical and chemical properties. J Biol Chem 256 5 (1981) 2395-2401
36. Baumann G. Growth hormone heterogeneity in human pituitary and plasma. Horm Res 51 Suppl 1 (1999) 2-6
37. Baumann G., Stolar M.W., and Buchanan T.A. The metabolic clearance, distribution, and degradation of dimeric and monomeric growth hormone (GH): implications for the pattern of circulating GH forms. Endocrinology 119 4 (1986) 1497-1501
38. Nagatomi Y., Ikeda M., Uchida H., et al. Reversible dimerization of 20 kilodalton human growth hormone (hGH). Growth Horm IGF Res 10 4 (2000) 207-214
39. Wallace J.D., Cuneo R.C., Bidlingmaier M., et al. The response of molecular isoforms of growth hormone to acute exercise in trained adult males. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86 1 (2001) 200-206
40. Leung K.C., Howe C., Gui L.Y., et al. Physiological and pharmacological regulation of 20-kDa growth hormone. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 283 4 (2002) E836-E843
41. Freda P.U., Nuruzzaman A.T., Reyes C.M., et al. Significance of "abnormal" nadir growth hormone levels after oral glucose in postoperative patients with acromegaly in remission with normal insulin-like growth factor-I levels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89 2 (2004) 495-500
42. Freda P.U., Post K.D., Powell J.S., et al. Evaluation of disease status with sensitive measures of growth hormone secretion in 60 postoperative patients with acromegaly. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83 11 (1998) 3808-3816
43. Tsushima T., Katoh Y., Miyachi Y., et al. Serum concentration of 20K human growth hormone (20K hGH) measured by a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Study Group of 20K hGH. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84 1 (1999) 317-322
44. Wu Z., Bidlingmaier M., Dall R., et al. Detection of doping with human growth hormone. Lancet 353 9156 (1999) 895
45. Boguszewski C.L., Boguszewski M.C., de Zegher F., et al. Growth hormone isoforms in newborns and postpartum women. Eur J Endocrinol 142 4 (2000) 353-358
46. Hayakawa M., Shimazaki Y., Tsushima T., et al. Metabolic effects of 20-kilodalton human growth hormone (20K-hGH) for adults with growth hormone deficiency: results of an exploratory uncontrolled multicenter clinical trial of 20K-hGH. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89 4 (2004) 1562-1571
47. Popii V., and Baumann G. Laboratory measurement of growth hormone. Clin Chim Acta 350 1-2 (2004) 1-16
48. Baumann G. Growth hormone binding protein 2001. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 14 4 (2001) 355-375
49. Amit T., Youdim M.B., and Hochberg Z. Clinical review 112: does serum growth hormone (GH) binding protein reflect human GH receptor function?. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85 3 (2000) 927-932
50. Jan T., Shaw M.A., and Baumann G. Effects of growth hormone-binding proteins on serum growth hormone measurements. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 72 2 (1991) 387-391
51. Ebdrup L., Fisker S., Sorensen H.H., et al. Variety in growth hormone determinations due to use of different immunoassays and to the interference of growth hormone-binding protein. Horm Res 51 Suppl 1 (1999) 20-26
52. Jansson C., Boguszewski C., Rosberg S., et al. Growth hormone (GH) assays: influence of standard preparations, GH isoforms, assay characteristics, and GH-binding protein. Clin Chem 43 6 Pt 1 (1997) 950-956
53. Hansen T.K., Fisker S., Hansen B., et al. Impact of GHBP interference on estimates of GH and GH pharmacokinetics. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 57 6 (2002) 779-786