메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 2-2, Issue , 2003, Pages 1169-1174

Pathophysiology and Prevention of Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 33847261252     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-7216-9654-6.50120-X     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (5)

References (129)
  • 1
    • 0027301074 scopus 로고
    • Necrotizing enterocolitis: a review of pathogenetic mechanisms and implications for prevention
    • Caplan MS, MacKendrick W Necrotizing enterocolitis: a review of pathogenetic mechanisms and implications for prevention. Pediatr Pathol 1993, 13:357-369.
    • (1993) Pediatr Pathol , vol.13 , pp. 357-369
    • Caplan, M.S.1    MacKendrick, W.2
  • 2
    • 0022648941 scopus 로고
    • Necrotizing enterocolitis: treatment based on staging criteria
    • Walsh MC, Kliegman RM Necrotizing enterocolitis: treatment based on staging criteria. Pediatr Clin North Am 1986, 33:179-201.
    • (1986) Pediatr Clin North Am , vol.33 , pp. 179-201
    • Walsh, M.C.1    Kliegman, R.M.2
  • 3
    • 0025358991 scopus 로고
    • Pathology of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: a ten-year experience
    • Ballance WA, et al. Pathology of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: a ten-year experience. J Pediatr 1990, 117:S6-13.
    • (1990) J Pediatr , vol.117 , pp. S6-13
    • Ballance, W.A.1
  • 4
    • 0015841341 scopus 로고
    • Necrotizing enterocolitis occurring in full-term neonates at birth
    • Rodin AE, et al. Necrotizing enterocolitis occurring in full-term neonates at birth. Arch Pathol 1973, 96:335-338.
    • (1973) Arch Pathol , vol.96 , pp. 335-338
    • Rodin, A.E.1
  • 5
    • 0023895060 scopus 로고
    • Necrotizing enterocolitis in full-term infants: a case-control study
    • Wiswell TE, et al. Necrotizing enterocolitis in full-term infants: a case-control study. Am J Dis Child 1988, 142:532-535.
    • (1988) Am J Dis Child , vol.142 , pp. 532-535
    • Wiswell, T.E.1
  • 6
    • 0030996858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Necrotizing enterocolitis in full-term or near-term infants: risk factors
    • Martinez-Tallo E, et al. Necrotizing enterocolitis in full-term or near-term infants: risk factors. Biol Neonate 1997, 71:292-298.
    • (1997) Biol Neonate , vol.71 , pp. 292-298
    • Martinez-Tallo, E.1
  • 7
    • 0035110053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Necrotizing enterocolitis in full-term neonates
    • Bolisetty S, Lui K Necrotizing enterocolitis in full-term neonates. J Paediatr Child Health 2001, 37:413-414.
    • (2001) J Paediatr Child Health , vol.37 , pp. 413-414
    • Bolisetty, S.1    Lui, K.2
  • 8
    • 0029092590 scopus 로고
    • Time of onset of necrotizing enterocolitis in newborn infants with known prenatal cocaine exposure
    • Lopez SL, et al. Time of onset of necrotizing enterocolitis in newborn infants with known prenatal cocaine exposure. Clin Pediatr 1995, 34:424-429.
    • (1995) Clin Pediatr , vol.34 , pp. 424-429
    • Lopez, S.L.1
  • 9
    • 0026246081 scopus 로고
    • Necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants: biodemographic and clinical correlates. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network
    • Uauy RD, et al. Necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants: biodemographic and clinical correlates. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. J Pediatr 1991, 119:630-638.
    • (1991) J Pediatr , vol.119 , pp. 630-638
    • Uauy, R.D.1
  • 10
    • 0018909525 scopus 로고
    • Necrotizing enterocolitis: a prospective multicenter investigation
    • Ryder RW, et al. Necrotizing enterocolitis: a prospective multicenter investigation. Am J Epidemiol 1980, 112:113-123.
    • (1980) Am J Epidemiol , vol.112 , pp. 113-123
    • Ryder, R.W.1
  • 11
    • 0025669875 scopus 로고
    • Breast milk and neonatal necrotising enterocolitis
    • Lucas A, Cole TJ Breast milk and neonatal necrotising enterocolitis. Lancet 1990, 336:1519-1523.
    • (1990) Lancet , vol.336 , pp. 1519-1523
    • Lucas, A.1    Cole, T.J.2
  • 12
    • 0031616078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immaturity of gastrointestinal host defense in newborns and gastrointestinal disease states
    • Furlano RI, Walker WA Immaturity of gastrointestinal host defense in newborns and gastrointestinal disease states. Adv Pediatr 1998, 45:201-222.
    • (1998) Adv Pediatr , vol.45 , pp. 201-222
    • Furlano, R.I.1    Walker, W.A.2
  • 13
    • 0026350091 scopus 로고
    • Growth factors and the development of neonatal host defense
    • Bines JE, Walker WA Growth factors and the development of neonatal host defense. Adv Exp Med Biol 1991, 310:31-39.
    • (1991) Adv Exp Med Biol , vol.310 , pp. 31-39
    • Bines, J.E.1    Walker, W.A.2
  • 14
    • 0034039543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of nutrients and bacterial colonization in the development of intestinal host defense
    • Walker WA Role of nutrients and bacterial colonization in the development of intestinal host defense. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2000, 30:S2-S7.
    • (2000) J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr , vol.30 , pp. S2-S7
    • Walker, W.A.1
  • 15
    • 0024429301 scopus 로고
    • Gestational evolution of small intestine motility in preterm and term infants
    • Berseth CL Gestational evolution of small intestine motility in preterm and term infants. J Pediatr 1989, 115:646-651.
    • (1989) J Pediatr , vol.115 , pp. 646-651
    • Berseth, C.L.1
  • 16
    • 0025054385 scopus 로고
    • Neonatal small intestinal motility: motor responses to feeding in term and preterm infants
    • Berseth CL Neonatal small intestinal motility: motor responses to feeding in term and preterm infants. J Pediatr 1990, 117:777-782.
    • (1990) J Pediatr , vol.117 , pp. 777-782
    • Berseth, C.L.1
  • 17
    • 0028305319 scopus 로고
    • Gut motility and the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis
    • Berseth CL Gut motility and the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis. Clin Perinatol 1994, 21:263-270.
    • (1994) Clin Perinatol , vol.21 , pp. 263-270
    • Berseth, C.L.1
  • 18
    • 0018735291 scopus 로고
    • Perinatal development of intestinal myoelectrical activity in dogs and sheep
    • Bueno L, Ruckebusch Y Perinatal development of intestinal myoelectrical activity in dogs and sheep. Am J Physiol 1979, 237:E61-E67.
    • (1979) Am J Physiol , vol.237 , pp. E61-E67
    • Bueno, L.1    Ruckebusch, Y.2
  • 19
    • 0032842747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bifidobacterial supplementation reduces the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in a neonatal rat model
    • Caplan MS, et al. Bifidobacterial supplementation reduces the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in a neonatal rat model. Gastroenterology 1999, 117:577-583.
    • (1999) Gastroenterology , vol.117 , pp. 577-583
    • Caplan, M.S.1
  • 20
    • 0028020174 scopus 로고
    • Role of asphyxia and feeding in a neonatal rat model of necrotizing enterocolitis
    • Caplan MS, et al. Role of asphyxia and feeding in a neonatal rat model of necrotizing enterocolitis. Pediatr Pathol 1994, 14:1017-1028.
    • (1994) Pediatr Pathol , vol.14 , pp. 1017-1028
    • Caplan, M.S.1
  • 21
    • 0028320473 scopus 로고
    • Role of bacterial translocation in necrotizing enterocolitis
    • Deitch EA Role of bacterial translocation in necrotizing enterocolitis. Acta Paediatr Suppl 1994, 396:33-36.
    • (1994) Acta Paediatr Suppl , vol.396 , pp. 33-36
    • Deitch, E.A.1
  • 22
    • 0031047816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concordance of bacterial cultures with endotoxin and interleukin-6 in necrotizing enterocolitis
    • Duffy LC, et al. Concordance of bacterial cultures with endotoxin and interleukin-6 in necrotizing enterocolitis. Dig Dis Sci 1997, 42:359-365.
    • (1997) Dig Dis Sci , vol.42 , pp. 359-365
    • Duffy, L.C.1
  • 23
    • 0035699664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacterial toxins and enteral feeding of premature infants at risk for necrotizing enterocolitis
    • Duffy LC, et al. Bacterial toxins and enteral feeding of premature infants at risk for necrotizing enterocolitis. Adv Exp Med Biol 2001, 501:519-527.
    • (2001) Adv Exp Med Biol , vol.501 , pp. 519-527
    • Duffy, L.C.1
  • 24
    • 0023873688 scopus 로고
    • Autoregulation in the developing postnatal intestinal circulation
    • Nowicki PT, Miller CE Autoregulation in the developing postnatal intestinal circulation. Am J Physiol 1988, 254:G189-G193.
    • (1988) Am J Physiol , vol.254 , pp. G189-G193
    • Nowicki, P.T.1    Miller, C.E.2
  • 25
    • 0027511903 scopus 로고
    • Effects of ischemia and reperfusion on intrinsic vascular regulation in the postnatal intestinal circulation
    • Nowicki PT, et al. Effects of ischemia and reperfusion on intrinsic vascular regulation in the postnatal intestinal circulation. Pediatr Res 1993, 33:400-404.
    • (1993) Pediatr Res , vol.33 , pp. 400-404
    • Nowicki, P.T.1
  • 26
    • 0031751199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of sustained flow reduction on postnatal intestinal circulation
    • Nowicki PT Effects of sustained flow reduction on postnatal intestinal circulation. Am J Physiol 1998, 275:G758-G768.
    • (1998) Am J Physiol , vol.275 , pp. G758-G768
    • Nowicki, P.T.1
  • 27
    • 0036086533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidermal growth factor reduces the development of necrotizing enterocolitis in a neonatal rat model
    • Dvorak B, et al. Epidermal growth factor reduces the development of necrotizing enterocolitis in a neonatal rat model. Am J Physiol 2002, 282:G156-G164.
    • (2002) Am J Physiol , vol.282 , pp. G156-G164
    • Dvorak, B.1
  • 28
    • 0025369187 scopus 로고
    • Serum PAF acetylhydrolase increases during neonatal maturation
    • Caplan M, et al. Serum PAF acetylhydrolase increases during neonatal maturation. Prostaglandins 1990, 39:705-714.
    • (1990) Prostaglandins , vol.39 , pp. 705-714
    • Caplan, M.1
  • 29
    • 0034705053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation in the developing human intestine: a possible pathophysiologic contribution to necrotizing enterocolitis
    • Nanthakumar NN, et al. Inflammation in the developing human intestine: a possible pathophysiologic contribution to necrotizing enterocolitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000, 97:6043-6048.
    • (2000) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.97 , pp. 6043-6048
    • Nanthakumar, N.N.1
  • 30
    • 0002647979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-pathogenic bacteria elicit a differential cytokine response by intestinal epithelial cell/leucocyte co-cultures
    • Haller D, et al. Non-pathogenic bacteria elicit a differential cytokine response by intestinal epithelial cell/leucocyte co-cultures. Gut 2000, 47:79-87.
    • (2000) Gut , vol.47 , pp. 79-87
    • Haller, D.1
  • 31
    • 0027358767 scopus 로고
    • Immunology of the intestinal tract
    • Kagnoff MF Immunology of the intestinal tract. Gastroenterology 1993, 105:1275-1280.
    • (1993) Gastroenterology , vol.105 , pp. 1275-1280
    • Kagnoff, M.F.1
  • 32
    • 0022466408 scopus 로고
    • Structure of gastrointestinal mucins: searching for the Rosetta stone
    • Laboisse CL Structure of gastrointestinal mucins: searching for the Rosetta stone. Biochimie 1986, 68:611-617.
    • (1986) Biochimie , vol.68 , pp. 611-617
    • Laboisse, C.L.1
  • 33
    • 0021028055 scopus 로고
    • Development of the gastrointestinal mucosal barrier. V. Comparative effect of calcium binding on microvillus membrane structure in newborn and adult rats
    • Pang KY, et al. Development of the gastrointestinal mucosal barrier. V. Comparative effect of calcium binding on microvillus membrane structure in newborn and adult rats. Pediatr Res 1983, 17:856-861.
    • (1983) Pediatr Res , vol.17 , pp. 856-861
    • Pang, K.Y.1
  • 34
    • 0020675098 scopus 로고
    • Development of the gastrointestinal mucosal barrier: evidence for structural differences in microvillus membranes from newborn and adult rabbits
    • Pang KY, et al. Development of the gastrointestinal mucosal barrier: evidence for structural differences in microvillus membranes from newborn and adult rabbits. Biochim Biophys Acta 1983, 727:201-208.
    • (1983) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.727 , pp. 201-208
    • Pang, K.Y.1
  • 35
    • 17544397387 scopus 로고
    • Development of gastrointestinal mucosal barrier. VII. In utero maturation of microvillus surface by cortisone
    • Pang KY, et al. Development of gastrointestinal mucosal barrier. VII. In utero maturation of microvillus surface by cortisone. Am J Physiol 1985, 249:G85-G91.
    • (1985) Am J Physiol , vol.249 , pp. G85-G91
    • Pang, K.Y.1
  • 36
    • 0019505259 scopus 로고
    • Development of gastrointestinal mucosal barrier. I. The effect of age on intestinal permeability to macromolecules
    • Udall JN, et al. Development of gastrointestinal mucosal barrier. I. The effect of age on intestinal permeability to macromolecules. Pediatr Res 1981, 15:241-244.
    • (1981) Pediatr Res , vol.15 , pp. 241-244
    • Udall, J.N.1
  • 37
    • 0025286383 scopus 로고
    • Gastrointestinal host defense and necrotizing enterocolitis
    • Udall JN Gastrointestinal host defense and necrotizing enterocolitis. J Pediatr 1990, 117:S33-S43.
    • (1990) J Pediatr , vol.117 , pp. S33-S43
    • Udall, J.N.1
  • 38
    • 0028311634 scopus 로고
    • Platelet-activating factor, tumor necrosis factor, hypoxia and necrotizing enterocolitis
    • Hsueh W, et al. Platelet-activating factor, tumor necrosis factor, hypoxia and necrotizing enterocolitis. Acta Paediatr Suppl 1994, 396:11-17.
    • (1994) Acta Paediatr Suppl , vol.396 , pp. 11-17
    • Hsueh, W.1
  • 40
    • 0026576608 scopus 로고
    • Unique characteristics of the neonatal intestinal mucosal barrier
    • Smith SD, et al. Unique characteristics of the neonatal intestinal mucosal barrier. J Pediatr Surg 1992, 27:333-336.
    • (1992) J Pediatr Surg , vol.27 , pp. 333-336
    • Smith, S.D.1
  • 41
    • 0023148324 scopus 로고
    • Structure and function of intestinal mucin: developmental aspects
    • Snyder JD, Walker WA Structure and function of intestinal mucin: developmental aspects. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 1987, 82:351-356.
    • (1987) Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol , vol.82 , pp. 351-356
    • Snyder, J.D.1    Walker, W.A.2
  • 42
    • 0032768652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of intestinal trefoil factor in developing rat intestine
    • Lin J, et al. Expression of intestinal trefoil factor in developing rat intestine. Biol Neonate 1999, 76:92-97.
    • (1999) Biol Neonate , vol.76 , pp. 92-97
    • Lin, J.1
  • 44
    • 0031589536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of a putative receptor for intestinal trefoil factor in rat small intestine: identification by in situ binding and ligand blotting
    • Tan XD, et al. Characterization of a putative receptor for intestinal trefoil factor in rat small intestine: identification by in situ binding and ligand blotting. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997, 237:673-677.
    • (1997) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.237 , pp. 673-677
    • Tan, X.D.1
  • 45
    • 0031844367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enteric defensin expression in necrotizing enterocolitis
    • Salzman NH, et al. Enteric defensin expression in necrotizing enterocolitis. Pediatr Res 1998, 44:20-26.
    • (1998) Pediatr Res , vol.44 , pp. 20-26
    • Salzman, N.H.1
  • 46
    • 0030731743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paneth cells and innate immunity in the crypt microenvironment
    • Ouellette AJ Paneth cells and innate immunity in the crypt microenvironment. Gastroenterology 1997, 113:1779-1784.
    • (1997) Gastroenterology , vol.113 , pp. 1779-1784
    • Ouellette, A.J.1
  • 47
    • 0018248719 scopus 로고
    • The mouse gut T lymphocyte, a novel type of T cell: nature, origin, and traffic in mice in normal and graft-versus-host conditions
    • Guy-Grand D, et al. The mouse gut T lymphocyte, a novel type of T cell: nature, origin, and traffic in mice in normal and graft-versus-host conditions. J Exp Med 1978, 148:1661-1677.
    • (1978) J Exp Med , vol.148 , pp. 1661-1677
    • Guy-Grand, D.1
  • 48
    • 0016804454 scopus 로고
    • Development of the capacity to produce specific antibody to an ingested food antigen in the premature infant
    • Rieger CH, Rothberg RM Development of the capacity to produce specific antibody to an ingested food antigen in the premature infant. J Pediatr 1975, 87:515-518.
    • (1975) J Pediatr , vol.87 , pp. 515-518
    • Rieger, C.H.1    Rothberg, R.M.2
  • 49
    • 0018938346 scopus 로고
    • Time of appearance of immunoglobulin-containing cells in the mucosa of the neonatal intestine
    • Perkkio M, Savilahti E Time of appearance of immunoglobulin-containing cells in the mucosa of the neonatal intestine. Pediatr Res 1980, 14:953-955.
    • (1980) Pediatr Res , vol.14 , pp. 953-955
    • Perkkio, M.1    Savilahti, E.2
  • 50
    • 0017784190 scopus 로고
    • Neonatal IgA secretion enhanced by breast feeding
    • Roberts SA, Freed DL Neonatal IgA secretion enhanced by breast feeding. Lancet 1977, 2:1131.
    • (1977) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 1131
    • Roberts, S.A.1    Freed, D.L.2
  • 51
    • 0023902592 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in low-birth-weight infants by IgA-IgG feeding
    • Eibl MM, et al. Prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in low-birth-weight infants by IgA-IgG feeding. N Engl J Med 1988, 319:1-7.
    • (1988) N Engl J Med , vol.319 , pp. 1-7
    • Eibl, M.M.1
  • 52
    • 0031846375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early and late effects of breast-feeding: does breast-feeding really matter?
    • Villalpando S, Hamosh M Early and late effects of breast-feeding: does breast-feeding really matter?. Biol Neonate 1998, 74:177-191.
    • (1998) Biol Neonate , vol.74 , pp. 177-191
    • Villalpando, S.1    Hamosh, M.2
  • 53
    • 0034472275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breast feeding and the intestinal microflora of the infant: implications for protection against infectious diseases
    • Wold AE, Adlerberth I Breast feeding and the intestinal microflora of the infant: implications for protection against infectious diseases. Adv Exp Med Biol 2000, 478:77-93.
    • (2000) Adv Exp Med Biol , vol.478 , pp. 77-93
    • Wold, A.E.1    Adlerberth, I.2
  • 54
    • 0032038664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The protective effects of lactoferrin feeding against endotoxin lethal shock in germfree piglets
    • Lee WJ, et al. The protective effects of lactoferrin feeding against endotoxin lethal shock in germfree piglets. Infect Immun 1998, 66:1421-1426.
    • (1998) Infect Immun , vol.66 , pp. 1421-1426
    • Lee, W.J.1
  • 55
    • 0030844172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enteral glutamine supplementation for very low birth weight infants decreases morbidity
    • Neu J, et al. Enteral glutamine supplementation for very low birth weight infants decreases morbidity. J Pediatr 1997, 131:691-699.
    • (1997) J Pediatr , vol.131 , pp. 691-699
    • Neu, J.1
  • 56
    • 0036370718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamine: clinical applications and mechanisms of action
    • Neu J, et al. Glutamine: clinical applications and mechanisms of action. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2002, 5:69-75.
    • (2002) Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care , vol.5 , pp. 69-75
    • Neu, J.1
  • 57
    • 0029995799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental granulomatous colitis in mice is abrogated by induction of TGF-beta-mediated oral tolerance
    • Neurath MF, et al. Experimental granulomatous colitis in mice is abrogated by induction of TGF-beta-mediated oral tolerance. J Exp Med 1996, 183:2605-2616.
    • (1996) J Exp Med , vol.183 , pp. 2605-2616
    • Neurath, M.F.1
  • 58
    • 8544247902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of growth factors on epithelial restitution of human colonic mucosa in vitro
    • Riegler M, et al. Effect of growth factors on epithelial restitution of human colonic mucosa in vitro. Scand J Gastroenterol 1997, 32:925-932.
    • (1997) Scand J Gastroenterol , vol.32 , pp. 925-932
    • Riegler, M.1
  • 59
    • 0032806058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why is erythropoietin present in human milk? Studies of erythropoietin receptors on enterocytes of human and rat neonates
    • Juul SE, et al. Why is erythropoietin present in human milk? Studies of erythropoietin receptors on enterocytes of human and rat neonates. Pediatr Res 1999, 46:263-268.
    • (1999) Pediatr Res , vol.46 , pp. 263-268
    • Juul, S.E.1
  • 60
    • 0033961152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Erythropoietin and the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in infants with very low birth weight
    • Ledbetter DJ, Juul SE Erythropoietin and the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in infants with very low birth weight. J Pediatr Surg 2000, 35:178-181.
    • (2000) J Pediatr Surg , vol.35 , pp. 178-181
    • Ledbetter, D.J.1    Juul, S.E.2
  • 61
    • 0034080465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates in intestinal host defense
    • Dai D, et al. Role of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates in intestinal host defense. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2000, 30:S23-S33.
    • (2000) J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr , vol.30 , pp. S23-S33
    • Dai, D.1
  • 62
    • 0035029393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation on intestinal inflammation and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in a neonatal rat model
    • Caplan MS, et al. Effect of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation on intestinal inflammation and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in a neonatal rat model. Pediatr Res 2001, 49:647-652.
    • (2001) Pediatr Res , vol.49 , pp. 647-652
    • Caplan, M.S.1
  • 63
    • 0031717542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lower incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in infants fed a preterm formula with egg phospholipids
    • Carlson SE, et al. Lower incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in infants fed a preterm formula with egg phospholipids. Pediatr Res 1998, 44:491-498.
    • (1998) Pediatr Res , vol.44 , pp. 491-498
    • Carlson, S.E.1
  • 64
    • 0030019770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exogenous nucleotides alter the proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of human small intestinal epithelium
    • Tanaka M, et al. Exogenous nucleotides alter the proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of human small intestinal epithelium. J Nutr 1996, 126:424-433.
    • (1996) J Nutr , vol.126 , pp. 424-433
    • Tanaka, M.1
  • 65
    • 0023908458 scopus 로고
    • Ontogeny of fasting small intestinal motor activity in the human infant
    • Bisset WM, et al. Ontogeny of fasting small intestinal motor activity in the human infant. Gut 1988, 29:483-488.
    • (1988) Gut , vol.29 , pp. 483-488
    • Bisset, W.M.1
  • 66
    • 0020047055 scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis of neonatal necrotising enterocolitis
    • Lawrence G, et al. Pathogenesis of neonatal necrotising enterocolitis. Lancet 1982, 1:137-139.
    • (1982) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 137-139
    • Lawrence, G.1
  • 67
    • 0006345007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Necrotising enterocolitis: is there a relationship to specific pathogens?
    • Peter CS, et al. Necrotising enterocolitis: is there a relationship to specific pathogens?. Eur J Pediatr 1999, 158:67-70.
    • (1999) Eur J Pediatr , vol.158 , pp. 67-70
    • Peter, C.S.1
  • 68
    • 0019504099 scopus 로고
    • Diet and the faecal microflora of infants, children and adults in rural Nigeria and urban U.K
    • Tomkins AM, et al. Diet and the faecal microflora of infants, children and adults in rural Nigeria and urban U.K. J Hyg (Lond) 1981, 86:285-293.
    • (1981) J Hyg (Lond) , vol.86 , pp. 285-293
    • Tomkins, A.M.1
  • 69
    • 0031844893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intestinal flora in breast- and bottle-fed infants
    • Rubaltelli FF, et al. Intestinal flora in breast- and bottle-fed infants. J Perinat Med 1998, 26:186-191.
    • (1998) J Perinat Med , vol.26 , pp. 186-191
    • Rubaltelli, F.F.1
  • 70
    • 0032844102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stool microflora in extremely low birthweight infants
    • Gewolb IH, et al. Stool microflora in extremely low birthweight infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 1999, 80:F167-F173.
    • (1999) Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed , vol.80 , pp. F167-F173
    • Gewolb, I.H.1
  • 71
    • 0033168728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutting edge: recognition of gram-positive bacterial cell wall components by the innate immune system occurs via Toll-like receptor 2
    • Yoshimura A, et al. Cutting edge: recognition of gram-positive bacterial cell wall components by the innate immune system occurs via Toll-like receptor 2. J Immunol 1999, 163:1-5.
    • (1999) J Immunol , vol.163 , pp. 1-5
    • Yoshimura, A.1
  • 72
    • 0025861186 scopus 로고
    • Endotoxin-induced bacterial translocation and mucosal permeability: role of xanthine oxidase, complement activation, and macrophage products
    • Deitch EA, et al. Endotoxin-induced bacterial translocation and mucosal permeability: role of xanthine oxidase, complement activation, and macrophage products. Crit Care Med 1991, 19:785-791.
    • (1991) Crit Care Med , vol.19 , pp. 785-791
    • Deitch, E.A.1
  • 73
    • 0035190972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human Toll-like receptor 2 mediates induction of the antimicrobial peptide human beta-defensin 2 in response to bacterial lipoprotein
    • Birchler T, et al. Human Toll-like receptor 2 mediates induction of the antimicrobial peptide human beta-defensin 2 in response to bacterial lipoprotein. Eur J Immunol 2001, 31:3131-3137.
    • (2001) Eur J Immunol , vol.31 , pp. 3131-3137
    • Birchler, T.1
  • 74
    • 0028282701 scopus 로고
    • Occurrence of necrotizing enterocolitis may be dependent on patterns of bacterial adherence and intestinal colonization: studies in Caco-2 tissue culture and weanling rabbit models
    • Panigrahi P, et al. Occurrence of necrotizing enterocolitis may be dependent on patterns of bacterial adherence and intestinal colonization: studies in Caco-2 tissue culture and weanling rabbit models. Pediatr Res 1994, 36:115-121.
    • (1994) Pediatr Res , vol.36 , pp. 115-121
    • Panigrahi, P.1
  • 75
    • 0032747564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis associated with enteral administration of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium infantis to neonates in an intensive care unit
    • Hoyos AB Reduced incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis associated with enteral administration of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium infantis to neonates in an intensive care unit. Int J Infect Dis 1999, 3:197-202.
    • (1999) Int J Infect Dis , vol.3 , pp. 197-202
    • Hoyos, A.B.1
  • 76
    • 0017859705 scopus 로고
    • Effects of asphyxia on cardiac output and organ blood flow in the newborn piglet
    • Alward CT, et al. Effects of asphyxia on cardiac output and organ blood flow in the newborn piglet. Pediatr Res 1978, 12:824-827.
    • (1978) Pediatr Res , vol.12 , pp. 824-827
    • Alward, C.T.1
  • 77
    • 0015470588 scopus 로고
    • The pathogenesis of ischemic gastroenterocolitis of the neonate: selective gut mucosal ischemia in asphyxiated neonatal piglets
    • Touloukian RJ, et al. The pathogenesis of ischemic gastroenterocolitis of the neonate: selective gut mucosal ischemia in asphyxiated neonatal piglets. J Pediatr Surg 1972, 7:194-205.
    • (1972) J Pediatr Surg , vol.7 , pp. 194-205
    • Touloukian, R.J.1
  • 78
    • 0027240188 scopus 로고
    • Reperfusion injury after intestinal ischemia
    • Schoenberg MH, Beger HG Reperfusion injury after intestinal ischemia. Crit Care Med 1993, 21:1376-1386.
    • (1993) Crit Care Med , vol.21 , pp. 1376-1386
    • Schoenberg, M.H.1    Beger, H.G.2
  • 79
    • 0028819042 scopus 로고
    • Animal models of necrotizing enterocolitis
    • Crissinger KD Animal models of necrotizing enterocolitis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1995, 20:17-22.
    • (1995) J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr , vol.20 , pp. 17-22
    • Crissinger, K.D.1
  • 80
    • 0034020456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of endothelin-1 in regulation of the postnatal intestinal circulation
    • Nankervis CA, Nowicki PT Role of endothelin-1 in regulation of the postnatal intestinal circulation. Am J Physiol 2000, 278:G367-G375.
    • (2000) Am J Physiol , vol.278 , pp. G367-G375
    • Nankervis, C.A.1    Nowicki, P.T.2
  • 81
    • 0028891582 scopus 로고
    • Role of nitric oxide in regulation of vascular resistance in postnatal intestine
    • Nankervis CA, Nowicki PT Role of nitric oxide in regulation of vascular resistance in postnatal intestine. Am J Physiol 1995, 268:G949-G958.
    • (1995) Am J Physiol , vol.268 , pp. G949-G958
    • Nankervis, C.A.1    Nowicki, P.T.2
  • 82
    • 0022537694 scopus 로고
    • Intestinal blood flow and O2 uptake during hypoxemia in the newborn piglet
    • Nowicki PT, et al. Intestinal blood flow and O2 uptake during hypoxemia in the newborn piglet. Am J Physiol 1986, 251:G19-G24.
    • (1986) Am J Physiol , vol.251 , pp. G19-G24
    • Nowicki, P.T.1
  • 83
    • 0032941315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of systemic hypotension on postnatal intestinal circulation: role of angiotensin
    • Nowicki PT, Minnich LA Effects of systemic hypotension on postnatal intestinal circulation: role of angiotensin. Am J Physiol 1999, 276:G341-G352.
    • (1999) Am J Physiol , vol.276 , pp. G341-G352
    • Nowicki, P.T.1    Minnich, L.A.2
  • 84
    • 0036123519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Newborn intestinal circulation: physiology and pathophysiology
    • Reber KM, et al. Newborn intestinal circulation: physiology and pathophysiology. Clin Perinatol 2002, 29:23-39.
    • (2002) Clin Perinatol , vol.29 , pp. 23-39
    • Reber, K.M.1
  • 85
    • 0347708995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-dependent changes in the postnatal intestinal microcirculation
    • Nankervis CA, et al. Age-dependent changes in the postnatal intestinal microcirculation. Microcirculation 2001, 8:377-387.
    • (2001) Microcirculation , vol.8 , pp. 377-387
    • Nankervis, C.A.1
  • 86
    • 0018276209 scopus 로고
    • Preventing necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates
    • Brown EG, Sweet AY Preventing necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates. JAMA 1978, 240:2452-2454.
    • (1978) JAMA , vol.240 , pp. 2452-2454
    • Brown, E.G.1    Sweet, A.Y.2
  • 87
    • 0018903068 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of necrotizing enterocolitis: a case control study
    • Stoll BJ, et al. Epidemiology of necrotizing enterocolitis: a case control study. J Pediatr 1980, 96:447-451.
    • (1980) J Pediatr , vol.96 , pp. 447-451
    • Stoll, B.J.1
  • 88
    • 0033965107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis after introducing standardized feeding schedules for infants between 1250 and 2500 grams and less than 35 weeks of gestation
    • Kamitsuka MD, et al. The incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis after introducing standardized feeding schedules for infants between 1250 and 2500 grams and less than 35 weeks of gestation. Pediatrics 2000, 105:379-384.
    • (2000) Pediatrics , vol.105 , pp. 379-384
    • Kamitsuka, M.D.1
  • 89
    • 84921431241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minimal enteral nutrition for promoting feeding tolerance and preventing morbidity in parenterally fed infants
    • Tyson JE, Kennedy KA Minimal enteral nutrition for promoting feeding tolerance and preventing morbidity in parenterally fed infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000, 2.
    • (2000) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , vol.2
    • Tyson, J.E.1    Kennedy, K.A.2
  • 90
    • 0029099050 scopus 로고
    • An intraluminal model of necrotizing enterocolitis in the developing neonatal piglet
    • Di Lorenzo M, et al. An intraluminal model of necrotizing enterocolitis in the developing neonatal piglet. J Pediatr Surg 1995, 30:1138-1142.
    • (1995) J Pediatr Surg , vol.30 , pp. 1138-1142
    • Di Lorenzo, M.1
  • 91
    • 0030664501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of recombinant platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase in a neonatal rat model of necrotizing enterocolitis
    • Caplan MS, et al. The role of recombinant platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase in a neonatal rat model of necrotizing enterocolitis. Pediatr Res 1997, 42:779-783.
    • (1997) Pediatr Res , vol.42 , pp. 779-783
    • Caplan, M.S.1
  • 92
    • 0017646663 scopus 로고
    • Protection against experimental necrotizing enterocolitis by maternal milk. I. Role of milk leukocytes
    • Pitt J, et al. Protection against experimental necrotizing enterocolitis by maternal milk. I. Role of milk leukocytes. Pediatr Res 1977, 11:906-909.
    • (1977) Pediatr Res , vol.11 , pp. 906-909
    • Pitt, J.1
  • 93
    • 0018386885 scopus 로고
    • Necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates fed human milk
    • Kliegman RM, et al. Necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates fed human milk. J Pediatr 1979, 95:450-453.
    • (1979) J Pediatr , vol.95 , pp. 450-453
    • Kliegman, R.M.1
  • 94
    • 0017668654 scopus 로고
    • Unsuspected hyperosmolality of oral solutions contributing to necrotizing enterocolitis in very-low-birth-weight infants
    • Willis DM, et al. Unsuspected hyperosmolality of oral solutions contributing to necrotizing enterocolitis in very-low-birth-weight infants. Pediatrics 1977, 60:535-538.
    • (1977) Pediatrics , vol.60 , pp. 535-538
    • Willis, D.M.1
  • 95
    • 0019905180 scopus 로고
    • Hypertonic formula resulting from added oral medications
    • White KC, Harkavy KL Hypertonic formula resulting from added oral medications. Am J Dis Child 1982, 136:931-933.
    • (1982) Am J Dis Child , vol.136 , pp. 931-933
    • White, K.C.1    Harkavy, K.L.2
  • 96
    • 0031953368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clostridial pathogenicity in experimental necrotising enterocolitis in gnotobiotic quails and protective role of bifidobacteria
    • Butel MJ, et al. Clostridial pathogenicity in experimental necrotising enterocolitis in gnotobiotic quails and protective role of bifidobacteria. J Med Microbiol 1998, 47:391-399.
    • (1998) J Med Microbiol , vol.47 , pp. 391-399
    • Butel, M.J.1
  • 97
    • 0021968929 scopus 로고
    • Necrotizing enterocolitis: intraluminal biochemistry in human neonates and a rabbit model
    • Clark DA, et al. Necrotizing enterocolitis: intraluminal biochemistry in human neonates and a rabbit model. Pediatr Res 1985, 19:919-921.
    • (1985) Pediatr Res , vol.19 , pp. 919-921
    • Clark, D.A.1
  • 98
    • 0025362548 scopus 로고
    • Intraluminal pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis
    • Clark DA, Miller MJ Intraluminal pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis. J Pediatr 1990, 117:S64-S67.
    • (1990) J Pediatr , vol.117 , pp. S64-S67
    • Clark, D.A.1    Miller, M.J.2
  • 99
    • 0023909338 scopus 로고
    • Beneficial effects of early hypocaloric enteral feeding on neonatal gastrointestinal function: preliminary report of a randomized trial
    • Dunn L, et al. Beneficial effects of early hypocaloric enteral feeding on neonatal gastrointestinal function: preliminary report of a randomized trial. J Pediatr 1988, 112:622-629.
    • (1988) J Pediatr , vol.112 , pp. 622-629
    • Dunn, L.1
  • 100
    • 0023751321 scopus 로고
    • Effect of early low-volume enteral substrate on subsequent feeding tolerance in very low birth weight infants
    • Slagle TA, Gross SJ Effect of early low-volume enteral substrate on subsequent feeding tolerance in very low birth weight infants. J Pediatr 1988, 113:526-531.
    • (1988) J Pediatr , vol.113 , pp. 526-531
    • Slagle, T.A.1    Gross, S.J.2
  • 101
    • 0033028244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feeding strategies for premature infants: randomized trial of gastrointestinal priming and tube-feeding method
    • Schanler RJ, et al. Feeding strategies for premature infants: randomized trial of gastrointestinal priming and tube-feeding method. Pediatrics 1999, 103:434-439.
    • (1999) Pediatrics , vol.103 , pp. 434-439
    • Schanler, R.J.1
  • 102
    • 0029052992 scopus 로고
    • Early minimal feedings promote growth in critically ill premature infants
    • Troche B, et al. Early minimal feedings promote growth in critically ill premature infants. Biol Neonate 1995, 67:172-181.
    • (1995) Biol Neonate , vol.67 , pp. 172-181
    • Troche, B.1
  • 103
    • 0028352863 scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory mediators and intestinal injury
    • Caplan MS, MacKendrick W Inflammatory mediators and intestinal injury. Clin Perinatol 1994, 21:235-246.
    • (1994) Clin Perinatol , vol.21 , pp. 235-246
    • Caplan, M.S.1    MacKendrick, W.2
  • 104
    • 0035028853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New concepts in necrotizing enterocolitis
    • Caplan MS, Jilling T New concepts in necrotizing enterocolitis. Curr Opin Pediatr 2001, 13:111-115.
    • (2001) Curr Opin Pediatr , vol.13 , pp. 111-115
    • Caplan, M.S.1    Jilling, T.2
  • 105
    • 0034622449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The interleukin-1 receptor/Toll-like receptor superfamily: signal transduction during inflammation and host defense
    • O'Neill LA The interleukin-1 receptor/Toll-like receptor superfamily: signal transduction during inflammation and host defense. Sci STKE 2000, 2000:RE1-RE9.
    • (2000) Sci STKE , vol.2000 , pp. RE1-RE9
    • O'Neill, L.A.1
  • 106
    • 0035524488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptors and innate immunity
    • Medzhitov R Toll-like receptors and innate immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2001, 1:135-145.
    • (2001) Nat Rev Immunol , vol.1 , pp. 135-145
    • Medzhitov, R.1
  • 108
    • 0023028369 scopus 로고
    • Shock and tissue injury induced by recombinant human cachectin
    • Tracey KJ, et al. Shock and tissue injury induced by recombinant human cachectin. Science 1986, 234:470-474.
    • (1986) Science , vol.234 , pp. 470-474
    • Tracey, K.J.1
  • 109
    • 0024198189 scopus 로고
    • PAF-acether, an ether phospho-lipid with biological activity
    • Benveniste J PAF-acether, an ether phospho-lipid with biological activity. Prog Clin Biol Res 1988, 282:73-85.
    • (1988) Prog Clin Biol Res , vol.282 , pp. 73-85
    • Benveniste, J.1
  • 110
    • 0023881639 scopus 로고
    • Sequential release of leukotrienes and norepinephrine in rat bowel after platelet-activating factor: a mechanistic study of platelet-activating factor-induced bowel necrosis
    • Hsueh W, et al. Sequential release of leukotrienes and norepinephrine in rat bowel after platelet-activating factor: a mechanistic study of platelet-activating factor-induced bowel necrosis. Gastroenterology 1988, 94:1412-1418.
    • (1988) Gastroenterology , vol.94 , pp. 1412-1418
    • Hsueh, W.1
  • 111
    • 0022555437 scopus 로고
    • Release of leukotriene C4 by isolated, perfused rat small intestine in response to platelet-activating factor
    • Hsueh W, et al. Release of leukotriene C4 by isolated, perfused rat small intestine in response to platelet-activating factor. J Clin Invest 1986, 78:108-114.
    • (1986) J Clin Invest , vol.78 , pp. 108-114
    • Hsueh, W.1
  • 112
    • 0023788754 scopus 로고
    • Role of oxygen derived free radicals in platelet activating factor induced bowel necrosis
    • Cueva JP, Hsueh W Role of oxygen derived free radicals in platelet activating factor induced bowel necrosis. Gut 1988, 29:1207-1212.
    • (1988) Gut , vol.29 , pp. 1207-1212
    • Cueva, J.P.1    Hsueh, W.2
  • 113
    • 0031045496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis
    • Ford H, et al. The role of inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis. J Pediatr Surg 1997, 32:275-282.
    • (1997) J Pediatr Surg , vol.32 , pp. 275-282
    • Ford, H.1
  • 114
    • 0033506952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amelioration of ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat intestine by pentoxifylline-mediated inhibition of xanthine oxidase
    • Hammerman C, et al. Amelioration of ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat intestine by pentoxifylline-mediated inhibition of xanthine oxidase. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1999, 29:69-74.
    • (1999) J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr , vol.29 , pp. 69-74
    • Hammerman, C.1
  • 115
    • 0029066970 scopus 로고
    • Reduction of gastrointestinal injury in acute endotoxic shock by flurbiprofen nitroxybutylester
    • Wallace JL, et al. Reduction of gastrointestinal injury in acute endotoxic shock by flurbiprofen nitroxybutylester. Eur J Pharmacol 1995, 280:63-68.
    • (1995) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.280 , pp. 63-68
    • Wallace, J.L.1
  • 116
    • 0028113297 scopus 로고
    • PAF and TNF increase the precursor of NF-kappa B p50 mRNA in mouse intestine: quantitative analysis by competitive PCR
    • Tan X, et al. PAF and TNF increase the precursor of NF-kappa B p50 mRNA in mouse intestine: quantitative analysis by competitive PCR. Biochim Biophys Acta 1994, 1215:157-162.
    • (1994) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1215 , pp. 157-162
    • Tan, X.1
  • 117
    • 0030759752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P-selectin-deficient mice are protected from PAF-induced shock, intestinal injury, and lethality
    • Sun X, et al. P-selectin-deficient mice are protected from PAF-induced shock, intestinal injury, and lethality. Am J Physiol 1997, 273.
    • (1997) Am J Physiol , vol.273
    • Sun, X.1
  • 118
    • 0031467638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of inflammatory cytokines, nitrate/nitrite, type II phospholipase A2, and soluble adhesion molecules in systemic inflammatory response syndrome
    • Takakuwa T, et al. Assessment of inflammatory cytokines, nitrate/nitrite, type II phospholipase A2, and soluble adhesion molecules in systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol 1997, 98:43-52.
    • (1997) Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol , vol.98 , pp. 43-52
    • Takakuwa, T.1
  • 119
    • 0030969473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The platelet-activating factor receptor antagonist WEB 2170 prevents neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis in rats
    • Caplan MS, et al. The platelet-activating factor receptor antagonist WEB 2170 prevents neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis in rats. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1997, 24:296-301.
    • (1997) J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr , vol.24 , pp. 296-301
    • Caplan, M.S.1
  • 120
    • 0025296725 scopus 로고
    • Role of platelet activating factor and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis
    • Caplan MS, et al. Role of platelet activating factor and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. J Pediatr 1990, 116:960-964.
    • (1990) J Pediatr , vol.116 , pp. 960-964
    • Caplan, M.S.1
  • 121
    • 0026355353 scopus 로고
    • Hypoxia, PAF, and necrotizing enterocolitis
    • Caplan MS, et al. Hypoxia, PAF, and necrotizing enterocolitis. Lipids 1991, 26:1340-1343.
    • (1991) Lipids , vol.26 , pp. 1340-1343
    • Caplan, M.S.1
  • 122
    • 0022569123 scopus 로고
    • Platelet-activating factor-induced ischemic bowel necrosis: an investigation of secondary mediators in its pathogenesis
    • Hsueh W, et al. Platelet-activating factor-induced ischemic bowel necrosis: an investigation of secondary mediators in its pathogenesis. Am J Pathol 1986, 122:231-239.
    • (1986) Am J Pathol , vol.122 , pp. 231-239
    • Hsueh, W.1
  • 123
    • 0020564756 scopus 로고
    • Experimental model of ischemic bowel necrosis: the role of platelet-activating factor and endotoxin
    • Gonzalez-Crussi F, Hsueh W Experimental model of ischemic bowel necrosis: the role of platelet-activating factor and endotoxin. Am J Pathol 1983, 112:127-135.
    • (1983) Am J Pathol , vol.112 , pp. 127-135
    • Gonzalez-Crussi, F.1    Hsueh, W.2
  • 124
    • 0035145558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Platelet-activating factor in infants at risk for necrotizing enterocolitis
    • Rabinowitz SS, et al. Platelet-activating factor in infants at risk for necrotizing enterocolitis. J Pediatr 2001, 138:81-86.
    • (2001) J Pediatr , vol.138 , pp. 81-86
    • Rabinowitz, S.S.1
  • 125
    • 0024415519 scopus 로고
    • Platelet-activating factor: an endogenous mediator of mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion-induced shock
    • Mozes T, et al. Platelet-activating factor: an endogenous mediator of mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion-induced shock. Am J Physiol 1989, 257:872-877.
    • (1989) Am J Physiol , vol.257 , pp. 872-877
    • Mozes, T.1
  • 126
    • 0023940797 scopus 로고
    • Bowel necrosis induced by tumor necrosis factor in rats is mediated by platelet-activating factor
    • Sun XM, Hsueh W Bowel necrosis induced by tumor necrosis factor in rats is mediated by platelet-activating factor. J Clin Invest 1988, 81:1328-1331.
    • (1988) J Clin Invest , vol.81 , pp. 1328-1331
    • Sun, X.M.1    Hsueh, W.2
  • 127
    • 0025013474 scopus 로고
    • Hypoxia causes ischemic bowel necrosis in rats: the role of platelet-activating factor (PAF-acether)
    • Caplan MS, et al. Hypoxia causes ischemic bowel necrosis in rats: the role of platelet-activating factor (PAF-acether). Gastroenterology 1990, 99:979-986.
    • (1990) Gastroenterology , vol.99 , pp. 979-986
    • Caplan, M.S.1
  • 128
    • 0033029932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circulating pro- and counterinflammatory cytokine levels and severity in necrotizing enterocolitis
    • Edelson MB, et al. Circulating pro- and counterinflammatory cytokine levels and severity in necrotizing enterocolitis. Pediatrics 1999, 103:766-771.
    • (1999) Pediatrics , vol.103 , pp. 766-771
    • Edelson, M.B.1
  • 129
    • 0035876906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevention and treatment of murine colitis using gene therapy with adenoviral vectors encoding IL-10
    • Lindsay JO, et al. The prevention and treatment of murine colitis using gene therapy with adenoviral vectors encoding IL-10. J Immunol 2001, 166:7625-7633.
    • (2001) J Immunol , vol.166 , pp. 7625-7633
    • Lindsay, J.O.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.