Biomechanic Comparison of the Teno Fix Tendon Repair Device With the Cruciate and Modified Kessler Techniques

Journal of Hand Surgery

Volumn 32, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 356-366

  Wolfe, Scott W ^a   Willis, Andrew A ^a   Campbell, Deidre ^a   Clabeaux, Jonathan ^a   Wright, Timothy M ^a  

^a HOSPITAL FOR SPECIAL SURGERY   (United States)

Author keywords

Cruciate; cyclic loading; flexor tendon repair; modified Kessler; Teno Fix

Indexed keywords

AGED; ARTICLE; BIOMECHANICS; CADAVER; FEMALE; FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS TENDON; FLEXOR TENDON; FLEXOR TENDON INJURY; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE; SUTURING METHOD; TENDON RECONSTRUCTION; TREATMENT FAILURE; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; BIOMECHANICS; FEMALE; HEALTH STATUS INDICATORS; HUMANS; LACERATIONS; MALE; RANDOM ALLOCATION; STRESS, MECHANICAL; SUTURE TECHNIQUES; TENDON INJURIES; TRANSDUCERS;

EID: 33847246435     PISSN: 03635023     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2006.10.004     Document Type: Article

References (86)

1. Strickland J.W. Flexor tendon surgery. Part 1: primary flexor tendon repair. J Hand Surg 14B (1989) 261-272
2. Lee H. Double loop locking suture: a technique of tendon repair for early active mobilization. Part I: evolution of technique and experimental study. J Hand Surg 15A (1990) 945-952
3. McLarney E., Hoffman H., and Wolfe S.W. Biomechanical analysis of the cruciate four-strand flexor tendon repair. J Hand Surg 24A (1999) 295-301
4. Savage R. In vitro studies of a new method of flexor tendon repair. J Hand Surg 10B (1985) 135-141
5. Savage R., and Risitano G. Flexor tendon repair using a "six strand" method of repair and early active mobilisation. J Hand Surg 14B (1989) 396-399
6. Thurman R.T., Trumble T.E., Hanel D.P., Tencer A.F., and Kiser P.K. Two-, four-, and six-strand zone II flexor tendon repairs: an in situ biomechanical comparison using a cadaver model. J Hand Surg 23A (1998) 261-265
7. Winters S.C., Gelberman R.H., Woo S.L., Chan S.S., Grewal R., and Seiler III J.G. The effects of multiple-strand suture methods on the strength and excursion of repaired intrasynovial flexor tendons: a biomechanical study in dogs. J Hand Surg 23A (1998) 97-104
8. Aoki M., Kubota H., Pruitt D.L., and Manske P.R. Biomechanical and histologic characteristics of canine flexor tendon repair using early postoperative mobilization. J Hand Surg 22A (1997) 107-114
9. Chow J.A., Thomes L.J., Dovelle S., Monsivais J., Milnor W.H., and Jackson J.P. Controlled motion rehabilitation after flexor tendon repair and grafting. A multi-centre study. J Bone Joint Surg 70B (1988) 591-595
10. Duran R.J., Houser R.G., Coleman C.R., and Postlewaite D. A preliminary report in the use of controlled passive motion following flexor tendon repair in zones II and III [abstract]. J Hand Surg 1 (1976) 79
11. Gelberman R.H., Menon J., Gonsalves M., and Akeson W.H. The effects of mobilization on the vascularization of healing flexor tendons in dogs. Clin Orthop 153 (1980) 283-289
12. Gelberman R.H., Woo S.L., Lothringer K., Akeson W.H., and Amiel D. Effects of early intermittent passive mobilization on healing canine flexor tendons. J Hand Surg 7 (1982) 170-175
13. Gelberman R.H., Vande Berg J.S., Lundborg G.N., and Akeson W.H. Flexor tendon healing and restoration of the gliding surface. An ultrastructural study in dogs. J Bone Joint Surg 65A (1983) 70-80
14. Gelberman R.H., Vandeberg J.S., Manske P.R., and Akeson W.H. The early stages of flexor tendon healing: a morphologic study of the first fourteen days. J Hand Surg 10A (1985) 776-784
15. Gelberman R.H., Botte M.J., Spiegelman J.J., and Akeson W.H. The excursion and deformation of repaired flexor tendons treated with protected early motion. J Hand Surg 11A (1986) 106-110
16. Gelberman R.H., Woo S.L., Amiel D., Horibe S., and Lee D. Influences of flexor sheath continuity and early motion on tendon healing in dogs. J Hand Surg 15A (1990) 69-77
17. Hitchcock T.F., Light T.R., Bunch W.H., Knight G.W., Sartori M.J., Patwardhan A.G., and Hollyfield R.L. The effect of immediate constrained digital motion on the strength of flexor tendon repairs in chickens. J Hand Surg 12A (1987) 590-595
18. Lister G.D., Kleinert H.E., Kutz J.E., and Atasoy E. Primary flexor tendon repair followed by immediate controlled mobilization. J Hand Surg 2A (1977) 441-451
19. Small J.O., Brennen M.D., and Colville J. Early active mobilisation following flexor tendon repair in zone 2. J Hand Surg 14B (1989) 383-391
20. Becker H., Orak F., and Duponselle E. Early active motion following a beveled technique of flexor tendon repair: report on fifty cases. J Hand Surg 4 (1979) 454-460
21. Lee H. Double loop locking suture: a technique of tendon repair for early active mobilization. Part II: clinical experience. J Hand Surg 15A (1990) 953-958
22. Peck F.H., Bucher C.A., Watson J.S., and Roe A. A comparative study of two methods of controlled mobilization of flexor tendon repairs in zone 2. J Hand Surg 23B (1998) 41-45
23. Silfverskiold K.L., and May E.J. Flexor tendon repair in zone II with a new suture technique and an early mobilization program combining passive and active flexion. J Hand Surg 19A (1994) 53-60
24. Gelberman R.H., Boyer M.I., Brodt M.D., Winters S.C., and Silva M.J. The effect of gap formation at the repair site on the strength and excursion of intrasynovial flexor tendons. An experimental study on the early stages of tendon-healing in dogs. J Bone Joint Surg 81A (1999) 975-982
25. Seradge H. Elongation of the repair configuration following flexor tendon repair. J Hand Surg 8 (1983) 182-185
26. Aoki M., Manske P.R., Pruitt D.L., and Larson B.J. Tendon repair using flexor tendon splints: an experimental study. J Hand Surg 19A (1994) 984-990
27. Aoki M., Manske P.R., Pruitt D.L., and Larson B.J. Work of flexion after tendon repair with various suture methods. A human cadaveric study. J Hand Surg 20B (1995) 310-313
28. Barrie K.A., Wolfe S.W., Shean C., Shenbagamurthi D., Slade III J.F., and Panjabi M.M. A biomechanical comparison of multistrand flexor tendon repairs using an in situ testing model. J Hand Surg 25A (2000) 499-506
29. Lim B., and Tsai T. The six-strand technique for flexor tendon repair. Atlas Hand Clin 1 (1996) 65-76
30. Robertson G.A., and al Qattan M.M. A biomechanical analysis of a new interlock suture technique for flexor tendon repair. J Hand Surg 17B (1992) 92-93
31. Sandow M., and McMahon M. Single cross-grasp six-strand repair for acute flexor tenorrhaphy: Modified Savage technique. Atlas Hand 1 (1996) 41-64
32. Silfverskiold K.L., May E.J., and Oden A. Factors affecting results after flexor tendon repair in zone II: a multivariate prospective analysis. J Hand Surg 18A (1993) 654-662
33. Silva M.J., Hollstien S.B., Fayazi A.H., Adler P., Gelberman R.H., and Boyer M.I. The effects of multiple-strand suture techniques on the tensile properties of repair of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon to bone. J Bone Joint Surg 80A (1998) 1507-1514
34. Tang J.B., Wang B., Chen F., Pan C.Z., and Xie R.G. Biomechanical evaluation of flexor tendon repair techniques. Clin Orthop 386 (2001) 252-259
35. Su B.W., Protopsaltis T.S., Koff M.F., Chang K.P., Strauch R.J., Crow S.A., et al. The biomechanical analysis of a tendon fixation device for flexor tendon repair. J Hand Surg 30A (2005) 237-245
36. Su B.W., Raia F.J., Quitkin H.M., Parisien M., Strauch R.J., and Rosenwasser M.P. Gross and histological analysis of healing after dog flexor tendon repair with the Teno Fix device. J Hand Surg 31B (2006) 524-529
37. Su B.W., Solomons M., Barrow A., Senoge M.E., Gilberti M., Lubbers L., et al. Device for zone-II flexor tendon repair. A multicenter, randomized, blinded, clinical trial. J Bone Joint Surg 87A (2005) 923-935
38. Pruitt D.L., Manske P.R., and Fink B. Cyclic stress analysis of flexor tendon repair. J Hand Surg 16A (1991) 701-707
39. Pruitt D.L., Tanaka H., Aoki M., and Manske P.R. Cyclic stress testing after in vivo healing of canine flexor tendon lacerations. J Hand Surg 21A (1996) 974-977
40. Sanders D.W., Milne A.D., Dobravec A., MacDermid J., Johnson J.A., and King G.J. Cyclic testing of flexor tendon repairs: an in vitro biomechanical study. J Hand Surg 22A (1997) 1004-1010
41. Barrie K.A., Tomak S.L., Cholewicki J., and Wolfe S.W. The role of multiple strands and locking sutures on gap formation of flexor tendon repairs during cyclical loading. J Hand Surg 25A (2000) 714-720
42. Strickland J.W. Management of acute flexor tendon injuries. Orthop Clin North Am 14 (1983) 827-849
43. Strickland J.W. Flexor tendon repair. Hand Clin 1 (1985) 55-68
44. Gill R.S., Lim B.H., Shatford R.A., Toth E., Voor M.J., and Tsai T.M. A comparative analysis of the six-strand double-loop flexor tendon repair and three other techniques: a human cadaveric study. J Hand Surg 24A (1999) 1315-1322
45. Schuind F., Garcia-Elias M., Cooney III W.P., and An K.N. Flexor tendon forces: in vivo measurements. J Hand Surg 17A (1992) 291-298
46. Strickland J.W. Development of flexor tendon surgery: twenty-five years of progress. J Hand Surg 25A (2000) 214-235
47. Bainbridge L.C., Robertson C., Gillies D., and Elliot D. A comparison of post-operative mobilization of flexor tendon repairs with "passive flexion-active extension" and "controlled active motion" techniques. J Hand Surg 19B (1994) 517-521
48. Baktir A., Turk C.Y., Kabak S., Sahin V., and Kardas Y. Flexor tendon repair in zone 2 followed by early active mobilization. J Hand Surg 21B (1996) 624-628
49. Cullen K.W., Tolhurst P., Lang D., and Page R.E. Flexor tendon repair in zone 2 followed by controlled active mobilisation. J Hand Surg 14B (1989) 392-395
50. Gelberman R.H., Amifl D., Gonsalves M., Woo S., and Akeson W.H. The influence of protected passive mobilization on the healing of flexor tendons: a biochemical and microangiographic study. Hand 13 (1981) 120-128
51. Gelberman R.H., Nunley J.A., Osterman A.L., Breen T.F., Dimick M.P., and Woo S.L. Influences of the protected passive mobilization interval on flexor tendon healing. A prospective randomized clinical study. Clin Orthop 264 (1991) 189-196
52. Takai S., Woo S.L., Horibe S., Tung D.K., and Gelberman R.H. The effects of frequency and duration of controlled passive mobilization on tendon healing. J Orthop Res 9 (1991) 705-713
53. Ejeskar A., and Irstam L. Elongation in profundus tendon repair. A clinical and radiological study. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg 15 (1981) 61-68
54. Lindsay W., Thomson H.G., and Walker F.G. Digital flexor tendon: an experimental study. Part II: the significance of a gap occurring at the line of suture. Br J Plast Surg 12 (1960) 289-316
55. Komanduri M., Phillips C.S., and Mass D.P. Tensile strength of flexor tendon repairs in a dynamic cadaver model. J Hand Surg 21A (1996) 605-611
56. Shaieb M.D., and Singer D.I. Tensile strengths of various suture techniques. J Hand Surg 22B (1997) 764-767
57. Strickland J.W. Flexor tendon injuries: II. operative technique. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 3 (1995) 55-62
58. Diao E., Hariharan J.S., Soejima O., and Lotz J.C. Effect of peripheral suture depth on strength of tendon repairs. J Hand Surg 21A (1996) 234-239
59. Hatanaka H., and Manske P.R. Effect of the cross-sectional area of locking loops in flexor tendon repair. J Hand Surg 24A (1999) 751-760
60. Lin G.T., An K.N., Amadio P.C., and Cooney III W.P. Biomechanical studies of running suture for flexor tendon repair in dogs. J Hand Surg 13A (1988) 553-558
61. Lister G. Pitfalls and complications of flexor tendon surgery. Hand Clin 1 (1985) 133-146
62. Lister G.D. Incision and closure of the flexor sheath during primary tendon repair. Hand 15 (1983) 123-135
63. Silfverskiold K.L., and May E.J. Gap formation after flexor tendon repair in zone II. Results with a new controlled motion programme. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg 27 (1993) 263-268
64. Wade P.J., Muir I.F., and Hutcheon L.L. Primary flexor tendon repair: the mechanical limitations of the modified Kessler technique. J Hand Surg 11B (1986) 71-76
65. Wade P.J., Wetherell R.G., and Amis A.A. Flexor tendon repair: significant gain in strength from the Halsted peripheral suture technique. J Hand Surg 14B (1989) 232-235
66. Ketchum L.D., Martin N.L., and Kappel D.A. Experimental evaluation of factors affecting the strength of tendon repairs. Plast Reconstr Surg 59 (1977) 708-719
67. Ketchum L.D. Suture materials and suture techniques used in tendon repair. Hand Clin 1 (1985) 43-53
68. Trail I.A., Powell E.S., and Noble J. An evaluation of suture materials used in tendon surgery. J Hand Surg 14B (1989) 422-427
69. Barrie K.A., Tomak S.L., Cholewicki J., Merrell G.A., and Wolfe S.W. Effect of suture locking and suture caliber on fatigue strength of flexor tendon repairs. J Hand Surg 26A (2001) 340-346
70. Taras J.S., Raphael J.S., Marczyk S.C., and Bauerle W.B. Evaluation of suture caliber in flexor tendon repair. J Hand Surg 26A (2001) 1100-1104
71. Taras J. Primary flexor tendon repair. Oper Tech Orthop Surg 3 (1993) 270-277
72. Soejima O., Diao E., Lotz J.C., and Hariharan J.S. Comparative mechanical analysis of dorsal versus palmar placement of core suture for flexor tendon repairs. J Hand Surg 20A (1995) 801-807
73. Hotokezaka S., and Manske P.R. Differences between locking loops and grasping loops: effects on 2-strand core suture. J Hand Surg 22A (1997) 995-1003
74. Mashadi Z.B., and Amis A.A. The effect of locking loops on the strength of tendon repair. J Hand Surg 16B (1991) 35-39
75. Becker H., and Davidoff M. Eliminating the gap in flexor tendon surgery. A new method of suture. Hand 9 (1977) 306-311
76. Kessler I., and Nissim F. Primary repair without immobilization of flexor tendon division within the digital sheath. An experimental and clinical study. Acta Orthop Scand 40 (1969) 587-601
77. Kim S.K. Further evolution of the grasping technique for tendon repair. Ann Plast Surg 7 (1981) 113-119
78. Singer G., Ebramzadeh E., Jones N.F., and Meals R. Use of the Taguchi method for biomechanical comparison of flexor-tendon-repair techniques to allow immediate active flexion. A new method of analysis and optimization of technique to improve the quality of the repair. J Bone Joint Surg 80A (1998) 1498-1506
79. Strickland J. The Indiana method of flexor tendon repair. Atlas Hand Clin 1 (1996) 77-103
80. Tsuge K., Ikuta Y., and Matsuishi Y. Intra-tendinous tendon suture in the hand-a new technique. Hand 7 (1975) 250-255
81. Wagner Jr. W.F., Carroll C., Strickland J.W., Heck D.A., and Toombs J.P. A biomechanical comparison of techniques of flexor tendon repair. J Hand Surg 19A (1994) 979-983
82. Strickland J.W. Flexor tendon injuries: I. foundations of treatment. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 3 (1995) 44-54
83. Strickland J.W. Results of flexor tendon surgery in zone II. Hand Clin 1 (1985) 167-179
84. Bright D., and Urbaniak J. Direct measurements of flexor tendon tension during active and passive digit motion and its application to flexor tendon surgery. Orthop Trans 1 (1977) 4-5
85. Evans R.B., and Thompson D.E. The application of force to the healing tendon. J Hand Ther 6 (1993) 266-284
86. Greenwald D., Shumway S., Allen C., and Mass D. Dynamic analysis of profundus tendon function. J Hand Surg 19A (1994) 626-635