High prevalence of blood-borne virus infections and high-risk behaviour among injecting drug users in Tallinn, Estonia

International Journal of STD and AIDS

Volumn 18, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 41-46

  Uusküla, Anneli ^a   McNutt, Louise Anne ^b   Dehovitz, Jack ^c   Fischer, Krista ^a   Heimer, Robert ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TARTU   (Estonia)

^b STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

^c SUNY DOWNSTATE MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^d YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Estonia; HBV; HCV; High risk behaviour; HIV; Injection drug use

Indexed keywords

ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; HEPATITIS B CORE ANTIBODY; HEPATITIS B CORE ANTIGEN; HEPATITIS C ANTIBODY;

ADULT; ALCOHOL ABUSE; ARTICLE; BLOOD; DRUG ABUSE; ESTONIA; FEMALE; HIGH RISK BEHAVIOR; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SAMPLE; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; VIRUS INFECTION;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; DISEASE TRANSMISSION, HORIZONTAL; ESTONIA; FEMALE; HEPACIVIRUS; HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS B VIRUS; HEPATITIS C; HIV; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; MALE; NEEDLE-EXCHANGE PROGRAMS; PREVALENCE; QUESTIONNAIRES; RISK-TAKING; SUBSTANCE ABUSE, INTRAVENOUS;

EID: 33847218586     PISSN: 09564624     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1258/095646207779949907     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Leinsalu M, Vagero D, Kunst AE. Increasing ethnic differences in mortality in Estonia after the collapse of the Soviet Union. J Epidemiol Commun Health 2004;58:583-9
2. Dehne KL, Pokrovskiy V, Kobyshca Y, Schwartländer B. Update on epidemics of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in the newly independent states of the former Soviet Union. AIDS 2000;14(Suppl 3):S75-84
3. AIDS Foundation East-West (AFEW). [www.afew.org/english/index.php] (25 November 2004)
4. UNAIDS. 2006 report on the global AIDS epidemic. Overview of the global AIDS epidemic, p48 [www.unaids-org/en/HIV_data/2006GlobalReport/default.asp]
5. Aceijas C, Stimson GV, Hickman M, Rhodes T. Global overview of injecting drug use and HIV infection among injecting drug users. AIDS 2004;18:2295-303
6. Dehne KL, Khodakevich L, Hamers FF, Schwartlander B. The HIV/AIDS epidemicin Eastern Europe: recent patterns and trends and their implications for policy-making. AIDS 1999;13:741-9
7. Uusküla A, Kalikova N, Zilmer K, Tammai L, DeHovitz J. The role of injecting drug use in the emergence of HIV in Estonia. Int J Infect Dis 2002;6:23-7
8. Amon J, Brown T, Hogle J, et al., eds. Behavioral surveillance surveys: guidelines for repeated behavioral surveys in populations at risk of HIV. In: Questionnaire for injecting drug users. Family Health Int 2000;263-86
9. Mayfield D, McLeod G, Hall P. The CAGE questionnaire: validation of a new alcoholism screening instrument. Am J Psychiatry 1974;131:1121
10. Kalikova N. The HIV epidemic in Estonia. Proceedings of the 3rd Congress of the Estonian Society of Sexually Transmitted Infections (EUSTI), Pärnu, Estonia, 2001:14-15
11. Priimägi L, Kremerman I, Tefanova V, Tallo T, Osadtsaja G. Study on hepatitis C and hepatitis B infected intravenous drug users. Eesti Arst 1998;6:521-3
12. Database of the Estonian Foundation for prevention of drug addiction [narko.sm.ee/Levik/2000/default.asp]
13. Craib KJP, Spittal PM, Wood E. Risk factors for elevated HIV incidence among aboriginal injection drug users in Vancouver. Can Med Assoc J 2003;168:19-24
14. Beyrer C. Hidden epidemic of sexually transmitted diseases in China: crisis and opportunity. JAMA 2003;289:1265-73
15. Grund J, Verbraeck H, Ofner P, Marel O Del, Kas Kamel, Le Romes Durvar. (God Hits Whom He Chooses; The Roma Gets hit Twice). An exploration of drug use and HIV risks among the Roma of Central and Eastern Europe. Paper presented at the 12th International Conference on the Reduction of Drug Related Harm, New Delhi, India, 1-5 April 2001
16. Statistical office of Estonia [pub.stat.ee/px-web.2001/I_Databas/ Population/Population.asp] (27 December 2004)
17. Lauristin M, Vihalemm P. Return to the western world. In: Lauristin M, Vihalemm P, Rosengren E, Weibull, eds. Recent Historical Developments in Estonia: Three Stages of Transition (1987-1997). Estonia: Tartu University Press, 1997;79-83
18. Shaboltas AV, Toussova O, Hoffman I, et al. HIV prevalence sociodemographic, and behavioural correlative and recruitment methods among injection drug users in St Petersburg, Russia. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2006;41:657-63
19. Magerova T, Dzalalov S. Narva rehabilitation center for drug addicts and alcoholics. Presented at the US CRDF funded workshop 'Collaborative response to tackle HIV epidemic in Baltics', Estonia, Tallinn, 04-06 August 2004
20. Cook RL, Duncan CB. Is there an association between alcohol sexually transmitted diseases? A systematic review. Sex Transm Dis 2005;32:156-64
21. Shakarishvili A, Dubovskaya LK, Zohrabyan LS, et al. Sex work, drug use, HIV infection, and spread of sexually transmitted infections in Moscow, Russian Federation. Lancet 2005;366:57-60
22. Wallace R, Wallace D. Socioeconomic determinants of health: community marginalisation and the diffusion of disease and disorder in the United States. BMJ 1997;314:1341-5
23. Rhodes T, Simic M. Transition and the HIV risk environment. BMJ 2005;331:220-3
24. Rhodes T, Sarang A, Bobrik A, Bobkov E, Platt L. HIV transmission and HIV prevention associated with injecting drug use in the Russian Federation. Int J Drug Policy 2004;15:1-16
25. European Centre for the Epidemiological Monitoring of AIDS, WHO and UNAIDS Collaborating Centre [www.eurohiv.org] HIV/AIDS surveillance in Europe. End year report 2004, No. 71
26. Thorstensson R, Andersson S, Lindback S, et al. Evaluation of 14 commercial HIV-1/HIV-2 antibody assays using serum panels of different geographical origin and clinical stage including a unique seroconversion panel. J Virol Methods 1998;70:139-51