메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 88, Issue SUPPL.1, 2007, Pages

Early experience with racial discrimination and conduct disorder as predictors of subsequent drug use: A critical period hypothesis

Author keywords

Adolescents; Conduct disorder; Drug use; Racial discrimination

Indexed keywords

AFRICAN AMERICAN; ARTICLE; COMMUNITY SAMPLE; CONDUCT DISORDER; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; DRUG USE; EXPERIENCE; FRIEND; HUMAN; INTERVIEW; LEARNING; PARENT; PREDICTOR VARIABLE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RACISM; SELF REPORT; SOCIAL STATUS;

EID: 33847170631     PISSN: 03768716     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.12.015     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (102)

References (78)
  • 2
    • 0000169686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress and oppressed social category membership
    • Swim J.K., and Stangor C. (Eds), Academic Press, San Diego
    • Allison K.W. Stress and oppressed social category membership. In: Swim J.K., and Stangor C. (Eds). Prejudice: The Target's Perspective (1998), Academic Press, San Diego 145-170
    • (1998) Prejudice: The Target's Perspective , pp. 145-170
    • Allison, K.W.1
  • 3
    • 0030339447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neighborhood context of adolescent mental health
    • Aneshensel C.S., and Sucoff C.A. The neighborhood context of adolescent mental health. J. Health Soc. Behav. 37 (1996) 293-310
    • (1996) J. Health Soc. Behav. , vol.37 , pp. 293-310
    • Aneshensel, C.S.1    Sucoff, C.A.2
  • 4
    • 0028804220 scopus 로고
    • Early-onset drug use and risk of later drug problems
    • Anthony J.C., and Petronis K.R. Early-onset drug use and risk of later drug problems. Drug Alcohol Depend. 40 (1995) 9-15
    • (1995) Drug Alcohol Depend. , vol.40 , pp. 9-15
    • Anthony, J.C.1    Petronis, K.R.2
  • 5
    • 0036893670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community studies on adolescent substance use, abuse, or dependence and psychiatric comorbidity
    • Armstrong T.D., and Costello E.J. Community studies on adolescent substance use, abuse, or dependence and psychiatric comorbidity. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 70 (2002) 1124-1239
    • (2002) Consult. Clin. Psychol. , vol.70 , pp. 1124-1239
    • Armstrong, T.D.1    Costello, E.J.2
  • 6
    • 0035989917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of a positive family history of alcoholism, parental rejection and emotional warmth, behavioral problems and peer substance use for alcohol problems in teenagers: a path analysis
    • Barnow S., Schuckit M.A., Lucht M., John U., and Freyberger H.J. The importance of a positive family history of alcoholism, parental rejection and emotional warmth, behavioral problems and peer substance use for alcohol problems in teenagers: a path analysis. J. Stud. Alcohol 63 (2002) 305-315
    • (2002) J. Stud. Alcohol , vol.63 , pp. 305-315
    • Barnow, S.1    Schuckit, M.A.2    Lucht, M.3    John, U.4    Freyberger, H.J.5
  • 8
    • 0000996235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental patterns of African American adolescent drug use
    • Vega W.A., and Gil A.G. (Eds), Plenum, New York
    • Biafora F.A., and Zimmerman R. Developmental patterns of African American adolescent drug use. In: Vega W.A., and Gil A.G. (Eds). Drug Use and Ethnicity in Early Adolescence (1998), Plenum, New York
    • (1998) Drug Use and Ethnicity in Early Adolescence
    • Biafora, F.A.1    Zimmerman, R.2
  • 9
    • 0141640903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deviance regulation: a theory of action and identity
    • Blanton H., and Christie C. Deviance regulation: a theory of action and identity. Rev. Gen. Psychol. 7 (2003) 115-149
    • (2003) Rev. Gen. Psychol. , vol.7 , pp. 115-149
    • Blanton, H.1    Christie, C.2
  • 10
    • 0035405628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of neighborhood disadvantage, collective socialization, and parenting on African American children's affiliation with deviant peers
    • Brody G.H., Ge X., Conger R., Gibbons F.X., Murry V.M., Gerrard M., and Simons R.L. The influence of neighborhood disadvantage, collective socialization, and parenting on African American children's affiliation with deviant peers. Child Develop. 72 (2001) 1231-1246
    • (2001) Child Develop. , vol.72 , pp. 1231-1246
    • Brody, G.H.1    Ge, X.2    Conger, R.3    Gibbons, F.X.4    Murry, V.M.5    Gerrard, M.6    Simons, R.L.7
  • 12
    • 33749039953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceived discrimination and the adjustment of African American youths: a five-year longitudinal analysis with contextual moderation effects
    • Brody G.H., Chen Y.-F., Murry V.M., Ge X., Simons R.L., Gibbons F.X., Gerrard M., and Cutrona C. Perceived discrimination and the adjustment of African American youths: a five-year longitudinal analysis with contextual moderation effects. Child Develop. 77 5 (2006) 1170-1189
    • (2006) Child Develop. , vol.77 , Issue.5 , pp. 1170-1189
    • Brody, G.H.1    Chen, Y.-F.2    Murry, V.M.3    Ge, X.4    Simons, R.L.5    Gibbons, F.X.6    Gerrard, M.7    Cutrona, C.8
  • 13
    • 0029447413 scopus 로고
    • Childhood aggression and unconventionality: impact on later academic achievement, drug use, and workforce involvement
    • Brook J.S., and Newcomb M.D. Childhood aggression and unconventionality: impact on later academic achievement, drug use, and workforce involvement. J. Gen. Psychol. 156 (1995) 393-410
    • (1995) J. Gen. Psychol. , vol.156 , pp. 393-410
    • Brook, J.S.1    Newcomb, M.D.2
  • 14
    • 0024677554 scopus 로고
    • Continuities and consequences of interactional styles across the life course
    • Caspi A., Bem D.J., and Elder G.H. Continuities and consequences of interactional styles across the life course. J. Personal. 57 (1989) 375-406
    • (1989) J. Personal. , vol.57 , pp. 375-406
    • Caspi, A.1    Bem, D.J.2    Elder, G.H.3
  • 15
    • 58149371620 scopus 로고
    • Moving against the world: life-course patterns of explosive children
    • Caspi A., Elder G.H., and Bem D.J. Moving against the world: life-course patterns of explosive children. Develop. Psychol. 23 (1987) 308-313
    • (1987) Develop. Psychol. , vol.23 , pp. 308-313
    • Caspi, A.1    Elder, G.H.2    Bem, D.J.3
  • 16
    • 0023682293 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiologic evidence for early onset of mental disorders and higher risk of drug abuse in young adults
    • Christie K.A., Burke J.D., Regier D.A., Rae D.S., Boyd J.H., and Locke B.Z. Epidemiologic evidence for early onset of mental disorders and higher risk of drug abuse in young adults. Am. J. Psychiat. 145 (1988) 971-975
    • (1988) Am. J. Psychiat. , vol.145 , pp. 971-975
    • Christie, K.A.1    Burke, J.D.2    Regier, D.A.3    Rae, D.S.4    Boyd, J.H.5    Locke, B.Z.6
  • 17
    • 33847142804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clark, L.A., Watson, D., 1997. Mini mood and anxiety symptom questionnaire (Mini-MASQ). University of Iowa, Unpublished.
  • 18
    • 0033210179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racism as a stressor for African Americans: a biopsychosocial model.
    • Clark R., Anderson N.B., Clark V.R., and Williams D.R. Racism as a stressor for African Americans: a biopsychosocial model. Am. Psychol. 54 (1999) 805-816
    • (1999) Am. Psychol. , vol.54 , pp. 805-816
    • Clark, R.1    Anderson, N.B.2    Clark, V.R.3    Williams, D.R.4
  • 19
    • 0029439923 scopus 로고
    • Adolescent substance use disorder with conduct disorder and comorbid conditions
    • Crowley T.J., and Riggs P.D. Adolescent substance use disorder with conduct disorder and comorbid conditions. NIDA Res. Monogr. 156 (1995) 49-111
    • (1995) NIDA Res. Monogr. , vol.156 , pp. 49-111
    • Crowley, T.J.1    Riggs, P.D.2
  • 21
    • 0034567192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct and moderating effects of community context on the psychological well being of African-American women
    • Cutrona C.E., Russell D.W., Hessling R., and Brown P.A. Direct and moderating effects of community context on the psychological well being of African-American women. J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 79 (2000) 1088-1101
    • (2000) J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. , vol.79 , pp. 1088-1101
    • Cutrona, C.E.1    Russell, D.W.2    Hessling, R.3    Brown, P.A.4
  • 23
    • 33745962675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A dual focus alcohol intervention for pre-adolescents: social cognitions in the strong african American Families Program
    • Gerrard M., Gibbons F.X., Brody G.H., Murry V.M., and Wills T.A. A dual focus alcohol intervention for pre-adolescents: social cognitions in the strong african American Families Program. Psychol. Add. Behav. 20 (2006) 185-195
    • (2006) Psychol. Add. Behav. , vol.20 , pp. 185-195
    • Gerrard, M.1    Gibbons, F.X.2    Brody, G.H.3    Murry, V.M.4    Wills, T.A.5
  • 24
    • 18244402387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Images of Smokers and Willingness to Smoke among African American Pre-adolescents: an Application of the Prototype/Willingness Model of Adolescent Health Risk Behavior to Smoking Initiation
    • Gerrard M., Gibbons F.X., Stock M.L., Vande Lune L.S., and Cleveland M.J. Images of Smokers and Willingness to Smoke among African American Pre-adolescents: an Application of the Prototype/Willingness Model of Adolescent Health Risk Behavior to Smoking Initiation. Pediat. Psychol. 30 (2005) 1-14
    • (2005) Pediat. Psychol. , vol.30 , pp. 1-14
    • Gerrard, M.1    Gibbons, F.X.2    Stock, M.L.3    Vande Lune, L.S.4    Cleveland, M.J.5
  • 25
    • 1842536348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceived discrimination and substance use in African American parents and their children: a panel study
    • Gibbons F.X., Gerrard M., Cleveland M.J., Wills T.A., and Brody G. Perceived discrimination and substance use in African American parents and their children: a panel study. J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 86 (2004) 517-529
    • (2004) J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. , vol.86 , pp. 517-529
    • Gibbons, F.X.1    Gerrard, M.2    Cleveland, M.J.3    Wills, T.A.4    Brody, G.5
  • 27
    • 0030983096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring the effects of age of alcohol use initiation and psychosocial risk factors on subsequent alcohol misuse
    • Hawkins J.D., Graham J.W., Maguin E., Abbott R., Hill K.G., and Catalano R.F. Exploring the effects of age of alcohol use initiation and psychosocial risk factors on subsequent alcohol misuse. J. Stud. Alcohol 58 (1997) 280-290
    • (1997) J. Stud. Alcohol , vol.58 , pp. 280-290
    • Hawkins, J.D.1    Graham, J.W.2    Maguin, E.3    Abbott, R.4    Hill, K.G.5    Catalano, R.F.6
  • 28
    • 33847100074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Johnston, L.D., O'Malley, P.M., Bachman, J.G., Schulenberg, J.E., 2003. Monitoring the future national results on drug use, 1975-2003: Volume I, Secondary School Students. (NIH Publication No. 04-5507). Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse.
  • 29
    • 33847145457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Johnston, L.D., O'Malley, P.M., Bachman, J.G., Schulenberg, J.E., 2004. Monitoring the future national results on adolescent drug use: Overview of key findings, 2003. (NIH Publication No. 04-5506). Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse.
  • 30
    • 0021613667 scopus 로고
    • Pathways to adolescent drug use: self-derogation, peer influence, weakening of social controls, and early substance use
    • Kaplan H.B., Martin S.S., and Robbins C. Pathways to adolescent drug use: self-derogation, peer influence, weakening of social controls, and early substance use. J. Health Soc. Behav. 25 (1984) 270-289
    • (1984) J. Health Soc. Behav. , vol.25 , pp. 270-289
    • Kaplan, H.B.1    Martin, S.S.2    Robbins, C.3
  • 32
    • 33847163653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kessler, R.C., 1991. UM-CIDI training guide for the National Survey of Health and Stress, 1991-1992. [Software manual]. Univ. of Michigan: Institute for Social Research.
  • 33
    • 0028156958 scopus 로고
    • Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States: results from the National Comorbidity Survey
    • Kessler R.C., McGonagle K., Zhao S., Nelson C., Hughes M., Eshelman S., et al. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States: results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Archiv. Gen. Psychiat. 51 (1994) 8-19
    • (1994) Archiv. Gen. Psychiat. , vol.51 , pp. 8-19
    • Kessler, R.C.1    McGonagle, K.2    Zhao, S.3    Nelson, C.4    Hughes, M.5    Eshelman, S.6
  • 34
    • 0033195267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevalence, distribution, and mental health correlates of perceived discrimination in the United States
    • Kessler R.C., Mickelson K.D., and Williams D.R. The prevalence, distribution, and mental health correlates of perceived discrimination in the United States. J. Health Soc. Behav. 40 (1999) 208-230
    • (1999) J. Health Soc. Behav. , vol.40 , pp. 208-230
    • Kessler, R.C.1    Mickelson, K.D.2    Williams, D.R.3
  • 35
    • 0033998849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Refiguring "race": Epidemiology, racialized biology, and biological expressions of race relations
    • Krieger N. Refiguring "race": Epidemiology, racialized biology, and biological expressions of race relations. Inter. J. Health Serv. 30 (2000) 211-216
    • (2000) Inter. J. Health Serv. , vol.30 , pp. 211-216
    • Krieger, N.1
  • 36
    • 0037309988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does racism harm health? Did child abuse exist before 1962? On explicit questions, critical science, and current controversies: an ecosocial perspective
    • Krieger N. Does racism harm health? Did child abuse exist before 1962? On explicit questions, critical science, and current controversies: an ecosocial perspective. Am. J. Public Health 93 (2003) 194-199
    • (2003) Am. J. Public Health , vol.93 , pp. 194-199
    • Krieger, N.1
  • 37
    • 34247680701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The schedule of racist events: a measure of racial discrimination and a study of its negative physical and mental health consequences
    • Landrine H., and Klonoff E.A. The schedule of racist events: a measure of racial discrimination and a study of its negative physical and mental health consequences. J. Black Psychol. 22 (1996) 144-168
    • (1996) J. Black Psychol. , vol.22 , pp. 144-168
    • Landrine, H.1    Klonoff, E.A.2
  • 38
    • 0034106845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial segregation and cigarette smoking among Blacks: findings at the individual level
    • Landrine H., and Klonoff E.A. Racial segregation and cigarette smoking among Blacks: findings at the individual level. J. Health Psychol. 5 (2000) 211-219
    • (2000) J. Health Psychol. , vol.5 , pp. 211-219
    • Landrine, H.1    Klonoff, E.A.2
  • 40
    • 0142244523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hanging out with the wrong crowd: how much difference can parents make in an urban environment?
    • Lloyd J.J., and Anthony J.C. Hanging out with the wrong crowd: how much difference can parents make in an urban environment?. J. Urban Health: Bull. New York Acad. Med. 80 (2003) 383-399
    • (2003) J. Urban Health: Bull. New York Acad. Med. , vol.80 , pp. 383-399
    • Lloyd, J.J.1    Anthony, J.C.2
  • 41
    • 0020349418 scopus 로고
    • The stability of antisocial and delinquent child behavior: a review
    • Loeber R. The stability of antisocial and delinquent child behavior: a review. Child Develop. 53 (1982) 1431-1446
    • (1982) Child Develop. , vol.53 , pp. 1431-1446
    • Loeber, R.1
  • 42
    • 0025268551 scopus 로고
    • Development and risk factors of juvenile antisocial behavior and delinquency
    • Loeber R. Development and risk factors of juvenile antisocial behavior and delinquency. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 10 (1990) 1-41
    • (1990) Clin. Psychol. Rev. , vol.10 , pp. 1-41
    • Loeber, R.1
  • 43
    • 0035432105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Childhood and adolescent onset conduct disorder: a test of the developmental taxonomy
    • McCabe K.M., Hough R., Wood P.A., and Yeh M. Childhood and adolescent onset conduct disorder: a test of the developmental taxonomy. J. Abnormal Child Psychol. 29 (2001) 305-316
    • (2001) J. Abnormal Child Psychol. , vol.29 , pp. 305-316
    • McCabe, K.M.1    Hough, R.2    Wood, P.A.3    Yeh, M.4
  • 44
    • 0001111055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity of the perceived racism scale: a multidimensional assessment of the experience of racism among African Americans
    • Jones R.L. (Ed), Cobb & Henry Publishers, Hampton, VA
    • McNeilly M.D., Anderson N.B., Robinson E.L., et al. Convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity of the perceived racism scale: a multidimensional assessment of the experience of racism among African Americans. In: Jones R.L. (Ed). Handbook of Tests and Measurements for Black Populations (1996), Cobb & Henry Publishers, Hampton, VA 359-373
    • (1996) Handbook of Tests and Measurements for Black Populations , pp. 359-373
    • McNeilly, M.D.1    Anderson, N.B.2    Robinson, E.L.3
  • 45
    • 0027673750 scopus 로고
    • Adolescence-limited and life-course-persistent antisocial behavior: a developmental taxonomy
    • Moffitt T.E. Adolescence-limited and life-course-persistent antisocial behavior: a developmental taxonomy. Psychol. Rev. 4 (1993) 674-701
    • (1993) Psychol. Rev. , vol.4 , pp. 674-701
    • Moffitt, T.E.1
  • 46
    • 84965760493 scopus 로고
    • Self-reported delinquency: results from an instrument for New Zealand
    • Moffitt T.E., and Silva P.S. Self-reported delinquency: results from an instrument for New Zealand. Austr. New Zealand J. Criminol. 21 (1988) 227-240
    • (1988) Austr. New Zealand J. Criminol. , vol.21 , pp. 227-240
    • Moffitt, T.E.1    Silva, P.S.2
  • 48
    • 0037508805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of perceived racism: psychological symptoms of African American boys
    • Nyborg V.M., and Curry J.F. The impact of perceived racism: psychological symptoms of African American boys. J. Clin. Child Adolesc. Psychol. 32 (2003) 258-266
    • (2003) J. Clin. Child Adolesc. Psychol. , vol.32 , pp. 258-266
    • Nyborg, V.M.1    Curry, J.F.2
  • 49
    • 84935504530 scopus 로고
    • Stages of ethnic identity development in minority group adolescents
    • Phinney J.S. Stages of ethnic identity development in minority group adolescents. J. Early Adolesc. 9 (1989) 34-49
    • (1989) J. Early Adolesc. , vol.9 , pp. 34-49
    • Phinney, J.S.1
  • 50
    • 0001368071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavior problems of African American boys and girls attending Head Start programs in violent neighborhoods
    • Randolph S.M., Koblinsky S.A., Beemer M.A., Roberts D.D., and Letiecq B.L. Behavior problems of African American boys and girls attending Head Start programs in violent neighborhoods. Early Educ. Develop. 11 (2000) 339-356
    • (2000) Early Educ. Develop. , vol.11 , pp. 339-356
    • Randolph, S.M.1    Koblinsky, S.A.2    Beemer, M.A.3    Roberts, D.D.4    Letiecq, B.L.5
  • 51
    • 0005333227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a racial and ethnic identity scale for African American adolescents: the Survey of Black Life
    • Resnicow K., Soler R.E., Braithwaite R.L., Selassie M.B., and Smith M. Development of a racial and ethnic identity scale for African American adolescents: the Survey of Black Life. J. Black Psychol. 25 (1999) 171-188
    • (1999) J. Black Psychol. , vol.25 , pp. 171-188
    • Resnicow, K.1    Soler, R.E.2    Braithwaite, R.L.3    Selassie, M.B.4    Smith, M.5
  • 52
    • 0018071035 scopus 로고
    • Sturdy childhood predictors of adult antisocial behaviour: replications from longitudinal studies
    • Robins L.N. Sturdy childhood predictors of adult antisocial behaviour: replications from longitudinal studies. Psychol. Med. 8 (1978) 611-622
    • (1978) Psychol. Med. , vol.8 , pp. 611-622
    • Robins, L.N.1
  • 53
    • 0002051971 scopus 로고
    • Conduct problems as predictors of substance abuse
    • Robins L.N., and Rutter M. (Eds), Cambridge University Press, New York
    • Robins L.N., and McEvoy L. Conduct problems as predictors of substance abuse. In: Robins L.N., and Rutter M. (Eds). Straight and Devious Pathways from Childhood to Adulthood (1990), Cambridge University Press, New York 182-204
    • (1990) Straight and Devious Pathways from Childhood to Adulthood , pp. 182-204
    • Robins, L.N.1    McEvoy, L.2
  • 54
    • 0009859119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnic minority women, health behaviors, and drug abuse: a continuum of psychosocial risks
    • Glantz M.D., and Hartel C.R. (Eds), American Psychological Association, Washington, DC
    • Sanders-Phillips K. Ethnic minority women, health behaviors, and drug abuse: a continuum of psychosocial risks. In: Glantz M.D., and Hartel C.R. (Eds). Drug Abuse: Origins and Interventions (1999), American Psychological Association, Washington, DC 191-217
    • (1999) Drug Abuse: Origins and Interventions , pp. 191-217
    • Sanders-Phillips, K.1
  • 55
    • 0242635632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling growth in boys' aggressive behavior across elementary school: links to later criminal involvement, conduct disorder, and antisocial personality disorder
    • Schaeffer C.M., Petras H., Ialongo N., Poduska J., and Kellam S. Modeling growth in boys' aggressive behavior across elementary school: links to later criminal involvement, conduct disorder, and antisocial personality disorder. Develop. Psychol. 39 (2003) 1020-1035
    • (2003) Develop. Psychol. , vol.39 , pp. 1020-1035
    • Schaeffer, C.M.1    Petras, H.2    Ialongo, N.3    Poduska, J.4    Kellam, S.5
  • 56
    • 0027263735 scopus 로고
    • The diagnostic interview schedule for children, (DISC-R). I. Preparation, field testing, inter-rater reliability and acceptability
    • Shaffer D., Fisher P., Piancentini J., Conners C.K., Schwab-Stone M., Cohen P., et al. The diagnostic interview schedule for children, (DISC-R). I. Preparation, field testing, inter-rater reliability and acceptability. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiat. 32 (1993) 643-650
    • (1993) J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiat. , vol.32 , pp. 643-650
    • Shaffer, D.1    Fisher, P.2    Piancentini, J.3    Conners, C.K.4    Schwab-Stone, M.5    Cohen, P.6
  • 57
    • 0036491183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discrimination, crime, ethnic identity, and parenting as correlates of depressive symptoms among African American children: a multilevel analysis
    • Simons R.L., Murry V., McLoyd V., Lin K.H., Cutrona C., and Conger R.D. Discrimination, crime, ethnic identity, and parenting as correlates of depressive symptoms among African American children: a multilevel analysis. Develop. Psychopathol. 14 (2002) 371-393
    • (2002) Develop. Psychopathol. , vol.14 , pp. 371-393
    • Simons, R.L.1    Murry, V.2    McLoyd, V.3    Lin, K.H.4    Cutrona, C.5    Conger, R.D.6
  • 58
    • 28444449508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidents of discrimination and risk for delinquency: a longitudinal test of strain theory with an African American sample
    • Simons R.L., Simons L.G., Stewart E.A., Chen Y., and Brody G. Incidents of discrimination and risk for delinquency: a longitudinal test of strain theory with an African American sample. Just. Quarter. 20 (2003) 501-528
    • (2003) Just. Quarter. , vol.20 , pp. 501-528
    • Simons, R.L.1    Simons, L.G.2    Stewart, E.A.3    Chen, Y.4    Brody, G.5
  • 60
    • 3342922739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of age at first substance use and psychiatric comorbidity on the development of substance use disorders
    • Sung M., Erkanli A., Angold A., and Costello E.J. Effects of age at first substance use and psychiatric comorbidity on the development of substance use disorders. Drug Alcohol Depend. 75 (2004) 287-299
    • (2004) Drug Alcohol Depend. , vol.75 , pp. 287-299
    • Sung, M.1    Erkanli, A.2    Angold, A.3    Costello, E.J.4
  • 62
    • 0028300805 scopus 로고
    • Racial mistrust and disposition to deviance among African American, Haitian, and other Caribbean island adolescent boys
    • Taylor D.L., Biafora F.A., and Warheit G.J. Racial mistrust and disposition to deviance among African American, Haitian, and other Caribbean island adolescent boys. Law Human Behav. 18 (1994) 291-303
    • (1994) Law Human Behav. , vol.18 , pp. 291-303
    • Taylor, D.L.1    Biafora, F.A.2    Warheit, G.J.3
  • 63
    • 0036139991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychiatric and substance use disorders in South Florida: racial/ethnic and gender contrasts in a young adult cohort
    • Turner R.J., and Gil A.G. Psychiatric and substance use disorders in South Florida: racial/ethnic and gender contrasts in a young adult cohort. Archiv. Gen. Psychiat. 59 (2002) 43-50
    • (2002) Archiv. Gen. Psychiat. , vol.59 , pp. 43-50
    • Turner, R.J.1    Gil, A.G.2
  • 64
    • 0003782155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Mental Health Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Mental Health, Rockville, MD
    • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Mental Health: A Report of The Surgeon General-Executive Summary (1999), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Mental Health Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Mental Health, Rockville, MD
    • (1999) Mental Health: A Report of The Surgeon General-Executive Summary
    • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services1
  • 65
    • 0031699607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explaining race differences in adolescent and young adult drug use: the role of racialized social systems
    • Wallace J.M. Explaining race differences in adolescent and young adult drug use: the role of racialized social systems. Drugs Soc. 14 (1999) 21-36
    • (1999) Drugs Soc. , vol.14 , pp. 21-36
    • Wallace, J.M.1
  • 67
    • 84984314375 scopus 로고
    • How early can we tell? Preschool predictors of boys' conduct disorder and delinquency
    • White J., Moffitt T.E., Earls F., Robins L.N., and Silva P.A. How early can we tell? Preschool predictors of boys' conduct disorder and delinquency. Criminology 28 (1990) 507-533
    • (1990) Criminology , vol.28 , pp. 507-533
    • White, J.1    Moffitt, T.E.2    Earls, F.3    Robins, L.N.4    Silva, P.A.5
  • 68
    • 0031721993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Onset of psychopathology in offspring by developmental phase and parental depression
    • Wickramaratne P.J., and Weissman M.M. Onset of psychopathology in offspring by developmental phase and parental depression. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiat. 37 (1998) 933-942
    • (1998) J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiat. , vol.37 , pp. 933-942
    • Wickramaratne, P.J.1    Weissman, M.M.2
  • 69
    • 33847149699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Williams, D.R., Chung, A.M., in press. Racism and health. In R. C. Gibson & J. S. Jackson (Eds.), Health in Black America. Newbury Park: Sage Publications.
  • 70
    • 0037311382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial/ethnic discrimination and health: findings from community studies
    • Williams D.R., Neighbors H.W., and Jackson J.S. Racial/ethnic discrimination and health: findings from community studies. Am. J. Public Health 93 (2003) 200-208
    • (2003) Am. J. Public Health , vol.93 , pp. 200-208
    • Williams, D.R.1    Neighbors, H.W.2    Jackson, J.S.3
  • 71
    • 0033767815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racism and mental health: the African American perspective
    • Williams D.R., and Williams-Morris R. Racism and mental health: the African American perspective. Ethnicity Health 5 (2000) 243-268
    • (2000) Ethnicity Health , vol.5 , pp. 243-268
    • Williams, D.R.1    Williams-Morris, R.2
  • 72
    • 0030811247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial differences in physical and mental health: Socio-economic status, stress, and discrimination
    • Williams D.R., Yu Y., Jackson J.S., and Anderson N.B. Racial differences in physical and mental health: Socio-economic status, stress, and discrimination. J. Health Psychol. 2 (1997) 335-351
    • (1997) J. Health Psychol. , vol.2 , pp. 335-351
    • Williams, D.R.1    Yu, Y.2    Jackson, J.S.3    Anderson, N.B.4
  • 73
    • 0030444790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racism and children's health: issues in development
    • Williams-Morris R.S. Racism and children's health: issues in development. Ethnicity Dis. 6 (1996) 69-82
    • (1996) Ethnicity Dis. , vol.6 , pp. 69-82
    • Williams-Morris, R.S.1
  • 74
    • 0035463504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temperament related to early-onset substance use: test of a developmental model
    • Wills T.A., Cleary S.D., Filer M., Shinar O., Mariani J., and Spera K. Temperament related to early-onset substance use: test of a developmental model. Prevent. Sci. 2 (2001) 145-163
    • (2001) Prevent. Sci. , vol.2 , pp. 145-163
    • Wills, T.A.1    Cleary, S.D.2    Filer, M.3    Shinar, O.4    Mariani, J.5    Spera, K.6
  • 75
    • 0033768690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Test of a model of factors relevant for early onset of substance use among African-American children
    • Wills T.A., Gibbons F.X., Gerrard M., and Brody G.H. Test of a model of factors relevant for early onset of substance use among African-American children. Health Psychol. 19 (2000) 253-263
    • (2000) Health Psychol. , vol.19 , pp. 253-263
    • Wills, T.A.1    Gibbons, F.X.2    Gerrard, M.3    Brody, G.H.4
  • 76
    • 0027254394 scopus 로고
    • A retrospective measure of childhood behavior problems and its use in predicting adolescent problem behavior
    • Windle M. A retrospective measure of childhood behavior problems and its use in predicting adolescent problem behavior. J. Stud. Alcohol 54 (1993) 422-431
    • (1993) J. Stud. Alcohol , vol.54 , pp. 422-431
    • Windle, M.1
  • 78
    • 0842265997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substance abuse in African American communities
    • Straussner S.L.A. (Ed), Guilford Press, New York
    • Wright E.M. Substance abuse in African American communities. In: Straussner S.L.A. (Ed). Ethnocultural Factors in Substance Abuse Treatment (2001), Guilford Press, New York 31-51
    • (2001) Ethnocultural Factors in Substance Abuse Treatment , pp. 31-51
    • Wright, E.M.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.