Health risk assessment of workers' exposure to organic compounds in a tire factory

Human and Ecological Risk Assessment

Volumn 13, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 209-222

  Durmusoglu, Ertan ^a   Aslan, Seda ^a   Can, Esra ^a   Bulut, Zehra ^a  

^a KOCAELI UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

Author keywords

Health risk assessment; Occupational health; Rubber industry; Semi volatile organic compounds (SVOCs); Volatile organic compounds (VOCs); Vulcanization

Indexed keywords

EID: 33847116091     PISSN: 10807039     EISSN: 15497860     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10807030601105134     Document Type: Review

References (44)

1. ACGIH (American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists). 1999. The Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices Booklet, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
2. Asante-Duah DK. 1993. Hazardous Waste Risk Assessment, pp 21-112. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, USA
3. Baranski B, Indulski J, Janik-Spiechowicz E, et al. 1989. Mutagenicity of airborne particulates in the rubber industry. J Appl Toxicol 9:389-93
4. Batchelor B. 1997. A framework for risk assessment of disposal of contaminated materials treated by solidification/stabilization, Environ Eng Sci 14:3-13
5. Bourguet CC, Checkoway H, and Hulka BS. 1997. A case-control study of skin cancer in the tire and rubber manufacturing industry. Am J Ind Med 11:461-73
6. Chien YC, Ton S, Lee MH, et al. 2003. Assessment of occupational health hazards in scrap-tire shredding facilities. Sci Total Environ 309:35-46
7. Delzell E and Monson R. 1984. Mortality among rubber workers. Am J Ind Med 6:273-79
8. Delzell E, Macaluso M, Sathiakumar N, et al. 2001. Leukemia and exposure to 1,3-butadiene, styrene and dimethyldithiocarbamate among workers in the synthetic rubber industry. Chem Biol Interact 135/136:515-34
9. Donner M, Husgafvel-Pursiainen K, Jessen D, et al. 1983. Mutagenicity of rubber additives and curing fumes. Results from five short-term bioassays. Scand J Work Environ Health 9:27-37
10. Fischer FM, Paraguay AI, Bruni AC, et al. 1998. Working conditions, work organization and consequences for health of Brazilian petrochemical workers. Scand J Work Environ Health 21:209-19
11. Fishbein L. 1991. Chemicals used in the rubber industry. Sci Total Environ 101:33-43
12. Fracasso ME, Franceschetti P, Mossini E, et al. 1999. Exposure to mutagenic airborne particulate in a rubber manufacturing plant. Mutat Res 441:43-51
13. Gromiec JP, Wesolowski W, Brzeznicki S, et al. 2002. Occupational exposure to rubber vulcanization products during repair of rubber conveyor belts in a brown coal mine. J Environ Monit 4:1054-59
14. Hedenstedt A, Ramel C, and Wachtmeister CA. 1981. Mutagenicity of rubber vulcanization gases in Salmonella typhimurium. J Toxicol Environ Chem 8:805-14
15. IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer). 2002. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Available at http://www-cie.iarc.fr
16. Jones AP. 1999. Indoor air quality and health. Atmos Environ 33:4535-64
17. Ke Y and Shunzhang Y. 2000. Oesophageal cancer and occupational exposure to rubber: A nested case-control study. Annu Occup Hyg 44:355-59
18. Ke Y and Shunzhang Y. 2002. Leukemia mortality and occupational exposure to rubber: A nested case-control study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 204:317-21
19. Kogevinas M, Sala M, Boffetta P, et al. 1998. Cancer risk in the rubber industry: a review of the recent epidemiological evidence. Occup Environ Med 55:1-12
20. LaGrega MD, Buckingham PL, and Evans JC. 1994. Hazardous Waste Management, pp 837-885. McGraw Hill, New York, NY, USA
21. Monarca S, Feretti D, Zanardini A, et al. 2001. Monitoring airborne genotoxicants in the rubber industry using genotoxicity tests and chemical analyses. Mutat Res 490:159-69
22. NJDEP (New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection). 1994. Guidance on Preparing a Risk Assessment for Air Contaminant Emissions. Available at http://www.state.nj.us/dep/aqpp/downloads/techman/1003.pdf
23. NRC (National Research Council). 1983. Risk Assessment in the Federal Government: Managing the Process, National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA
24. OSHA (Occupational Health and Safety Administration). 2001. Occupational Health and Safety Standards of the United States. 29 CFR Chapter XVII, Subpart-Z-Toxic and Hazardous Substances. Available at http://www.osha.gov/pls/ oshaweb/owadisp.show_ document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10147
25. Peters JM, Monson RR, Burgess WA, et al. 1976. Occupational disease in the rubber industry. Environ Health Perspect 17:31-4
26. Rennen MAJ, Bouwman T, Wilschut A, et al. 2004. Oral-to-inhalation route extrapolation in occupational health risk assessment: a critical assessment. Regul Toxicol Pharm 39: 5-11
27. Rodrics JV, Brett SM, and Wrenn GC. 1987. Significant risk decisions in Federal regulatory agencies. Regul Toxicol Pharm 7:307-20
28. Sielken RL and Valdez-Flores C. 2001. Dose-response implications of the University of Alabama study of lymphohematopoietic cancer among workers exposed to 1,3-butadiene and styrene in the synthetic rubber industry. Chem Biol Interact 135/136:637-51
29. Spiegelhalder B. 1983. Carcinogens in the workroom air in the rubber industry. Scand J Work Environ Health 9:15-25
30. TGD (Technical Guidance Document). 2002. Commission Regulation (EC) No 1488/94 on Risk Assessment for Existing Chemicals. Available at http://ecb.jrc.it/existing-chemicals
31. Tam BN and Neumann CM. 2004. A human health assessment of hazardous air pollutants in Portland, OR. J Environ Manage 73:131-45
32. Tsai PJ, Shieh HY, Lee WJ, et al. 2001. Health-risk assessment for workers exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a carbon black manufacturing industry. Sci Total Environ 278:137-50
33. UBA (Umweltbundesamt-Federal Environmental Agency). 2003. Exposure Assessment of the Environmental Releases of Chemicals in the Rubber Industry. Available at http://www. oekopro.de/bilder/UBA_ESD_Rubber_final_27June2003.pdf
34. USEPA (US Environmental Protection Agency). 1986a. Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment. U.S. Federal Register, Vol. 51, No. 185 (9/24/86)
35. USEPA. 1986b. Method 0010, Modified Method 5, Sampling Train, Center for Environmental Research Information. Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH, USA
36. USEPA. 1989. Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund, Volume I: Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part A). EPA/540/1-89/002. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC, USA
37. USEPA. 1991. Risk Assessment for Air Pollutants: A Citizen's Guide. EPA-450/3-90-024. Air Risk Information Support Center, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
38. USEPA. 1996. Method 3542, Extraction of SemiVolatile Analytes Collected Using Method 0010 (Modified Method 5 Sampling Train). Center for Environmental Research Information, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH, USA
39. USEPA. 1998. Method 8270 D, Semi Volatile Organic Compounds by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). Center for Environmental Research Information, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH, USA
40. USEPA. 1999. Compendium of Methods for the Determination of Toxic Organic Compounds in Ambient Air, Second Edition. EPA/625/R-96/010b. Center for Environmental Research Information, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH, USA
41. USEPA. 2003. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Available at http://www.epa.gov/iriswebp/iris/index.html
42. Van Ert MD, Arp EW, Haris RL, et al. 1980. Worker exposure to chemical agents in the manufacture of rubber tires: Solvent vapor studies. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 41:212-19
43. Vermeulen R, Bosb RP, and Kromhouta H. 2001. Mutagenic exposure in the rubber manufacturing industry: An industry wide survey. Mutat Res 490:27-34
44. Weeks JL, Peters JM, and Monson RR. 1981. Screening for occupational health hazards in the rubber industry. Am J Ind Med 2:125-41