Extracorporeal shock wave therapy in the treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis and Achilles tendinopathy

Current Opinion in Orthopaedics

Volumn 18, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 102-111

  Furia, John P ^a   Rompe, Jan D ^b  

^a SUN Orthopedics and Sports Medicine   (United States)

^b OrthoTrauma Clinic   (Germany)

Author keywords

Achilles tendinopathy; Extracorporeal shock wave therapy; Plantar fasciitis

Indexed keywords

BOTULINUM TOXIN A; CORTICOSTEROID; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT;

ACHILLES TENDINITIS; ANGIOGENESIS; BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY; CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT; EXTRACORPOREAL LITHOTRIPSY; FASCIA DISEASE; FOOT MALFORMATION; HUMAN; INFECTION; LOCAL ANESTHESIA; PATIENT SAFETY; PHYSICAL PARAMETERS; PLANTAR FASCIITIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE; THERAPY EFFECT; TREATMENT INDICATION;

EID: 33847014821     PISSN: 10419918     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/BCO.0b013e328013e594     Document Type: Review

References (83)

1. Ogden JA, Alvarez RG, Levitt R, Marlow M. Shock wave therapy for chronic plantar fasciitis. Clin Orthop 2001; 387:47-59.
2. Ogden JA, Alvarez RG, Levitt RL, et al. Electrohydraulic high-energy shock-wave treatment for chronic plantar fasciitis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2004; 86A:2216-2228.
3. Theodore GH, Buch M, Amendola A, et al. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for the treatment of plantar fasciitis. Foot Ankle Int 2004; 25:290-297.
4. Consentino F, Falsetti P, Manca S, et al. Efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave treatment in calcaneal enthesophytosis. Ann Rheum Dis 2001; 60:1064-1067.
5. Rompe JD, Hopf C, Nafe B, Burger R. Low-energy extracorporeal shock wave therapy for painful heel: a prospective controlled single-blind study. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 1996; 115:75-79.
6. Rompe JD, Schoellner C, Nafe B. Evaluation of low-energy extracorporeal shock-wave application for treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2002; 84-A:335-341.
7. Rompe JD, Decking J, Schoeliner, Nafe B. Shock wave application for chronic plantar fasciitis in running athletes. Am J Sports Med 2003; 31:268-275.
8. Rompe JD, Meurer A, Nafe B, et al. Repetitive low-energy shock wave application without local anesthesia is more efficient than repetitive low-energy shock wave application with local anesthesia in the treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis. J Orthop Res 2005; 23:931-941.
9. Kudo P, Dainty K, Clarfield M, et al. Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial evaluating the treatment of plantar fasciitis with an extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) device: a North American confirmatory study. J Orthop Res 2006; 24:115-123. Excellent, randomized, placebo-controlled confirmatory trial in which a standardized high-energy protocol, one that had been used in prior studies, was shown to be an effective treatment for patients with chronic plantar fasciitis. This trial provides further level I evidence in support of ESWT as a treatment for chronic plantar fasciitis.
10. Malay DS, Pressman MM, Assili A, et al. Extracorporeal shockwave therapy versus placebo for the treatment of chronic proximal plantar fasciitis: results of a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, multicenter intervention trial. J Foot Ankle Surg 2006; 45:196-210. Another large, well designed, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial that supports the use of ESWT as a treatment for chronic plantar fasciitis. This trial provides further level I evidence that favors the use of ESWT in the treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis.
11. Furia JP. The safety and efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave therapy in active, moderately active, and sedentary patients with chronic plantar fasciitis. Orthopedics 2005; 28:685-692. In this smaller clinical trial, high-energy ESWT was shown to be an effective treatment for a broad spectrum of patients with chronic plantar fasciitis. The results indicated that the high-energy, single treatment protocol can be safely performed without significant complications in the community setting.
12. Furia JP. Safety and efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave therapy for chronic lateral epicondylitis. Am J Orthop 2005; 24:13-19.
13. Furia JP. High energy ESWT as a treatment for chronic insertional Achilles tendinopathy. Am J Sports Med 2005; 5:733-740.
14. Buchbinder R, Ptasznik R, Gordon J, et al. Ultrasound-guided extracorporeal shock wave therapy for plantar fasciitis. JAMA 2002; 288:1364-1372.
15. Haake M, Konig IR, Decker T, et al. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for the treatment of lateral epicondylitis: a randomized multicenter trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2002; 84:1982-1991.
16. Speed CA, Nichols D, Wies J, et al. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for plantar fasciitis: a double blind randomized controlled trial. J Orthop Res 2003; 21:937-940.
17. Ogden JA, Toth-Kischkat A, Schultheiss R. Principles of shock wave therapy. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2001; 387:8-17.
18. Sems A, Dimeff R, Iannotti JP. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy in the treatment of chronic tendinopathies. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2006; 14:195-204. This is a recent review of the efficacy and controversy associated with ESWT as a treatment for multiple chronic tendinopathies including plantar fasciitis, Achilles tendinopathy, lateral epicondylitis, and calcific tendonitis of the shoulder.
19. Seil R, Wilmes P, Nohrenborger C. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for tendinopathies. Expert Rev Med Devices 2006; 3:463-470. This is a good review of the technical principles of ESWT and summarizes some of the current hypotheses regarding the biological effects of SWT on musculoskeletal tissues.
20. Rompe JD, Kirkpatrick CJ, Kullmer K, et al. Dose-related effects of shock waves on rabbit tendo Achilles. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1998; 80B:546-552.
21. Vaterlein N, Lussenhop S, Hahn M, et al. The effect of extracorporeal shock waves on joint cartilage: an in vivo study in rabbits. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2000; 120:403-406.
22. Ohtori S, Inoue G, Mannoji C, et al. Shock wave application to rat skin induces degeneration and reinnervation of sensory nerve fibres. Neurosci Lett 2001; 315:57-60.
23. Maier M, Averbeck B, Milz S, et al. Substance P and prostaglandin E2 release after shock wave application to the rabbit femur. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2003; 406:237-245.
24. Chen YJ, Wang CJ, Yang KD, et al. Extracorporeal shock waves promote healing of collagenase-induced Achilles tendinitis and increase TGF-beta1 and IGF-I expression. J Orthop Res 2004; 22:854-861.
25. Wang CJ, Wang FS, Yang KD, et al. Shock wave therapy induces neovascularization at the tendon-bone junction: a study in rabbits. J Orthop Res 2003; 21:984-989.
26. Cole C, Seto C, Gazewood J. Plantar fasciitis: evidence-based review of diagnosis and therapy. Am Fam Physician 2005; 72:2237-2242. In this comprehensive review, the authors highlight the clinical presentation of plantar fasciitis and discuss the diagnosis and effectiveness of the various treatment options for plantar fasciitis.
27. Pfeffer G, Bacchetti P, Deland J, et al. Comparison of custom and prefabricated orthoses in the initial treatment of proximal plantar fasciitis. Foot Ankle Int 1999; 20:214-221.
28. Leach RE, Jones R, Silva T. Rupture of the plantar fascia in athletes. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1983; 60:537-539.
29. Leach RE, Dilorio E, Harney RA. Pathologic hindfoot conditions in the athlete. Clin Orthop 1965; 39:178-186.
30. Schepsis AA, Leach RE, Gorzyca J. Plantar fasciitis. Clin Orthop 266:185-196.
31. Milne L. Plantar fasciitis. Emedicine 2001; 429:1-10.
32. Riddle DL, Pulizic M, Pidcoe P, Johnson RE. Risk factors for plantar fasciitis: a matched case-control study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2003; 85:872-877.
33. Rubin G, Witten M. Plantar calcaneal spurs. Am J Orthop 1963; 3:38-40.
34. Zhu F, Johnson JE, Bae K. Chronic plantar fasciitis: acute changes in the heel after extracorporeal shock wave therapy: observations at MRI imaging. Radiology 2005; 234:206-210.
35. Davis P, Severud E, Baxter DE. Painful heel syndrome: results of nonoperative treatment. Foot Ankle Int 1994; 15:531-535.
36. Martin JE, Hosch JC, Goforth WP, et al. Mechanical treatment of plantar fasciitis: a prospective study. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2001; 91:55-62.
37. Buchbinder R. Clinical practice: plantar fasciitis. N Engl J Med 2004; 350:2159-2166.
38. Stadler TA, Johnson ED, Stephens MB. Clinical inquiries: what is the best treatment for plantar fasciitis? J Fam Pract 2003; 52:714-717.
39. Landorf KB, Keenan AM, Herbert RD. Effectiveness of foot orthoses to treat plantar fasciitis: a randomized trial. Arch Intern Med 2006; 166:1305-1310.
40. Lynch DM, Goforth WP, Martin JE, et al. Conservative treatment of plantar fasciitis: a prospective study. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 1998; 88:375-380.
41. Pfeffer G, Bacchetti P, Deland J, et al. Comparison of custom and prefabricated orthoses in the initial treatment of proximal plantar fasciitis. Foot Ankle Int 1999; 20:214-221.
42. Roos E, Engstrom M, Soderberg B. Foot orthoses for the treatment of plantar fasciitis. Foot Ankle Int 2006; 27:606-611.
43. DiGiovanni BF, Nawoczenski DA, Lintal ME, et al. Tissue-specific plantar fascia-stretching exercise enhances outcomes in patients with chronic heel pain: a prospective, randomized study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2003; 85-A:1270-1277.
44. Digiovanni BF, Nawoczenski DA, Malay DP, et al. Plantar fascia-specific stretching exercise improves outcomes in patients with chronic plantar fasciitis: a prospective clinical trial with two-year follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2006; 88-A:1775-1781. In this prospective clinical trial, with long-term follow-up, the authors report on the effectiveness of a new stretching protocol as a treatment for patients with chronic plantar fasciitis.
45. Martin JE, Hosch JC, Goforth WE, et al. Mechanical treatment of plantar fasciitis: a prospective study. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2001; 91:55-62.
46. Powell M, Post WR, Keener J, Wearden S. Effective treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis with dorsiflexion night splints: a crossover prospective randomized outcome study. Foot Ankle Int 1998; 19:10-18.
47. Probe RA, Baca M, Adams R, Preece C. Night splint treatment for plantar fasciitis: a prospective randomized study. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1999; 368:190-195.
48. Acevedo JI, Beskin JL. Complications of plantar fascia rupture associated with corticosteroid injection. Foot Ankle 1998; 19:91-97.
49. Sellman JR. Plantar fascia rupture associated with corticosteroid injection. Foot Ankle 1984; 15:376-381.
50. Babcock MS, Foster L, Pasquina P, Jabbari B. Treatment of pain attributed to plantar fasciitis with botulinum toxin a: a short-term, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2005; 84:649-654.
51. Martin RL, Irrgang JJ, Conti SF. Outcome study of subjects with insertional plantar fasciitis. Foot Ankle Intl 1998; 19:803-811.
52. Weil LS, Roukis TS, Weil LS Sr, Borrelli AH. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for the treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis: indications, protocol, intermediate results, and a comparison of results to fasciotomy. J Foot Ankle Surg 2002; 41:166-172.
53. Barret SL, Day SV. Endoscopic plantar fasciotomy for chronic plantar fasciitis/heel spur syndrome: surgical technique, early clinical results. J Foot Surg 1991; 30:568-570.
54. Kinley S, Franscone S, Calderone D, et al. Endoscopic plantar fasciotomy versus traditional heel spur surgery: a prospective study. J Foot Ankle Surg 1993; 32:595-603.
55. Boyle RA, Slater GL. Endoscopic plantar fascia release: a case series. Foot Ankle Int 2003; 24:176-179.
56. Maquirrian J, Ayerza M, Costa-Paz M, Muscolo L. Endoscopic surgery in chronic Achilles tendinopathies: a preliminary report. Arthroscopy 2002; 18:298-303.
57. Davies MS, Weiss GA, Saxby TS. Plantar fasciitis: how successful is surgical intervention? Foot Ankle Int 1999; 20:803-807.
58. Labek G, Auersperg V, Ziernhold M, et al. Influence of local anesthesia and energy level on the clinical outcome of extracorporeal shock wave-treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis. Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb 2005; 143:240-246.
59. Krischek O, Rompe JD, Herbsthofer B, Nafe B. Symptomatic low-energy shockwave therapy in heel pain and radiologically detected plantar heel spur. Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb 1998; 136:169-174.
60. Porter MD, Shadbolt B. Intralesional corticosteroid injection versus extracorporeal shock wave therapy for plantar fasciopathy. Clin J Sport Med 2005; 15:119-124.
61. Alfredson H, Lorentzon R. Chronic Achilles tendinosis: recommendations for treatment and prevention. Sports Med 2000; 29:135-146.
62. Alfredson H, Pietila T, Jonsson P, Lorentzon R. Heavy load eccentric calf muscle training for the treatment of chronic Achilles tendinosis. Am J Sports Med 1998; 26:360-366.
63. Baxter DE, Zingas C. The foot in running. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 1995; 3:136-145.
64. Gerken AP, McGarvey WC, Baxter DE. Insertional Achilles tendinitis. Foot Ankle Clin 1996; 1:337-348.
65. James SL, Bates BT, Osternig LR. Injuries to runners. Am J Sports Med 1978; 6:40-50.
66. Kvist M. Achilles tendon injuries in athletes. Sports Med 1994; 18:173-201.
67. Myerson M, McGarvey W. Disorders of the Achilles insertion and Achilles tendonitis. Instructr Course Lect 1999; 48:211-218.
68. Paavola M, Kannus P, Jarvinen TA, et al. Current concepts review: Achilles tendinopathy. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2002; 84:2062-2076.
69. Saltzman CL, Tearse DS. Achilles tendon injuries. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 1998; 6:316-325.
70. Schepsis AA, Jones H, Haas AL. Achilles tendon disorders in athletes. Am J Sports Med 2002; 30:287-304.
71. Sharma P, Maffulli N. Current concepts review tendon injury and tendinopathy: healing and repair. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2005; 87:187-2002. This is an excellent, in-depth summary of the recent discoveries regarding the pathophysiology of tendon injury and repair.
72. Sorosky B, Press J, Plastaras C, Rittenburg J. The practical management of Achilles tendinopathy. Clin J Sport Med 2004; 14:40-44.
73. Maffulli N, Wong J, Almekinders LC. Types and epidemiology of tendinopathy. Clin Sports Med 2003; 22:675-692.
74. Maffulli N, Khan KM, Puddu G. Overuse tendon conditions: time to change a confusing terminology. Arthroscopy 1998; 14:840-843.
75. Puddu G, Ippolito E, Postacchini F. A classification of Achilles tendon disease. Am J Sports Med 1976; 4:145-150.
76. Paavola M, Kannus P, Paakkala T, et al. Long-term prognosis of patients with Achilles tendinopathy: an observational 8-year follow-up study. Am J Sports Med 2000; 28:634-642.
77. Tallon C, Coleman BD, Khan KM, Maffulli N. Outcome of surgery for chronic Achilles tendinopathy. Am J Sports Med 2001; 29:315-320.
78. Testa V, Capasso G, Benazzo F, Maffulli N. Management of Achilles tendinopathy by ultrasound-guided percutaneous tenotomy. Med Sci Sports Exer 2001; 34:573-580.
79. Paavola M, Orava S, Leppilanti P, et al. Chronic Achilles tendon overuse injury: complications after surgical treatment. Am J Sports Med 2000; 28:77-82.
80. Lohrer H, Scholl J, Arentz S. Achilles tendinopathy and patellar tendinopathy. Results of radial shockwave therapy in patients with unsuccessfully treated tendinoses [in German]. Sportverletz Sportschaden 2002; 16:108-114.
81. Perlick L, Schiffmann R, Kraft CN, et al. Extracorporal shock wave treatment of the achilles tendinitis: Experimental and preliminary clinical results. Z Orthop Ihre Grenzqeb 2002; 140:275-280.
82. Peers K. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy in chronic Achilles and patellar tendinopathy. Leuven: Leuven University Press; 2003. pp. 61-75.
83. Rompe JD, Nafe B, Furia JP, Maffulli N. Eccentric loading, shock wave treatment, or a wait-and-see policy for tendinopathy of the main body of tendo Achillis: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Sports Med (in press).