Reparations for luck egalitarians

Journal of Social Philosophy

Volumn 37, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 423-440

  Pierik, Roland ^a  

^a NONE

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 33846977827     PISSN: 00472786     EISSN: 14679833     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9833.2006.00346.x     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Ronald Dworkin, Sovereign Virtue: The Theory and Practice of Equality (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000), 81, 287, and 322.
2. Will Kymlicka, Contemporary Political Philosophy: An Introduction (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990), 95.
3. For political contributions see James Forman, "Manifesto to the White Christian Churches and the Jewish Synagogues in the United States of America and All Other Racist Institutions," in The Case for Black Reparations, ed. Boris Bittker (New York: Vintage Books, 1973), 159-75;
4. Robert Westley, "Many Billions Gone: Is It Time to Reconsider the Case for Black Reparations?" Boston College Law Review 429 (1998): 429-76;
5. Randall Robinson, The Debt: What America Owes to Blacks (New York: Dutton, 1999);
6. Dalton Conley, Being Black, Living in the Red: Race, Wealth, and Social Policy in America (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1999).
7. For academic contributions see, among others, Alfred L. Brophy, "Some Conceptual and Legal Problems in Reparations for Slavery," N.Y.U. Annual Survey of American Law 58 (2003): 487-556;
8. Kyle D. Logue, "Reparations as Redistribution," Boston University Law Review 84, no. 5 (2006): 1319-74.
9. This paper was the second paper in a series entitled What Is Equality? Part I-IV, reprinted as the first four chapters of Sovereign Virtue. When citing these articles, I will give the page references in Sovereign Virtue only. Dworkin's claim that the choice-endowment distinction is the key distinction in luck-egalitarianism can be found in Dworkin, Sovereign Virtue, 287.
10. Arguments in these sections draw on a coauthored paper: Roland Pierik and Ingrid Robeyns, "Resources versus Capabilities: Social Endowments in Egalitarian Theory," Political Studies (forthcoming).
11. Iris Marion Young, "Equality of Whom? Social Groups and Judgments of Injustice," Journal of Political Philosophy 9, no. 1 (2001): 1-18, at 9;
12. Jean Hampton, Political Philosophy (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1996), 191-92.
13. Ronald Dworkin, Taking Rights Seriously (London: Duckworth, 1977), 22;
14. Freedom's Law: The Moral Reading of the Constitution (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1996), 155.
15. For Dworkin's distinction between issues of "policy" and "principle" see Dworkin, Taking Rights Seriously, chap. 9;
16. Ronald Dworkin, A Matter of Principle (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1985), chaps. 14 and 15;
17. Dworkin, Freedom's Law: The Moral Reading of the Constitution, chap. 6.
18. Taking Rights Seriously, 22;
19. Andrew Altman, "Policy, Principle, and Incrementalism: Dworkin's Jurisprudence of Race," The Journal of Ethics 5 (2001): 242-54.
20. Samuel Scheffler, "What Is Egalitarianism?," Philosophy & Public Affairs 31, no. 1 (2003): 38.
21. See for similar critiques Elisabeth Anderson, "What Is the Point of Equality?," Ethics 109 (1999): 288;
22. Altman, "Policy, Principle, and Incrementalism," 254-55;
23. Young, "Equality of Whom?";
24. Anne Phillips, "Defending Equality of Outcome," The Journal of Political Philosophy 12, no. 1 (2004): 1-19.
25. G. A. Cohen, "On the Currency of Egalitarian Justice," Ethics 99 (1989): 906-44;
26. Matt Maltravers, "Responsibility, Luck, and the Equality of What Debate," Political Studies 50 (2002): 558-72;
27. Andrew Williams, "Dworkin on Capability," Ethics 113 (2002): 23-39.
28. Ronald Dworkin, "Replies to Endicott, Kamm and Altman," Journal of Ethics 5 (2001): 267.
29. Ronald Dworkin, "Sovereign Virtue Revisited," Ethics 113 (2002): 137.
30. Logue, Reparations as Redistribution, 1348-52.
31. A preeminent example of such an institutional approach is, of course, John Rawls, A Theory of Justice, rev. ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999).
32. Robert K. Fullinwider, "The Case for Reparations," Philosophy & Public Policy Quarterly 20, no. 2/3 (2000): 6.
33. When Brown v. Board Of Education was decided on May 17, 1954.
34. Brophy, "Some Conceptual and Legal Problems," 508;
35. Kaimipono Wenger, "Causation and Attenuation in the Slavery Reparations Debate" University of San Francisco Law Review 40, no. 2 (forthcoming).
36. Martin Gilens, Why Americans Hate Welfare: Race, Media, and the Politics of Antipoverty Policy (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1999), 3.
37. Keith N. Hylton, "Slavery and Tort Law," Boston University Law Review 84, no. 5 (2006): 1209-55 at 1236-37.
38. But for a critique of this position see Eric Posner and Adrian Vermeule, "Reparations for Slavery and Other Historical Injustices," Columbia Law Review 103 (2003): 742;
39. Herbert Gutman, The Black Family in Slavery and Freedom, 1750-1925 (New York: Random House, 1977).
40. Hylton, Slavery and Tort Law, 1227-28.
41. Posner and Vermeule, "Reparations for Slavery," 742.
42. Thomas M. Shapiro, The Hidden Cost of Being African American: How Wealth Perpetuates Inequality (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), 60-84.
43. Conley, Being Black, Living in the Red.
44. Rawls, A Theory of Justice, 47-48.
45. Douglass North, Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), 3.
46. Thomas Nagel, "Justice and Nature," Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 17, no. 2 (1997): 303.
47. Rebecca M. Blank, Marilyn Dabady, and Constance F. Citro, eds., Measuring Racial Discrimination (The National Academic Press, 2004), 25-26.
48. And redistribution of resources is only one of the policies available. Cf. Jonathan Wolff, "Addressing Disadvantage and the Human Good," Journal of Applied Philosophy 19, no. 3 (2002): 207-18.
49. Phillips, "Defending Equality of Outcome," 10-13.
50. This section draws on Roland Pierik, "Conceptualizing Cultural Groups and Cultural Difference: The Social Mechanism Approach," Ethnicities 4, no. 4 (2004): 523-44.
51. Gilens, Why Americans Hate Welfare, chap. 6.
52. Thomas Nelson, Michele Acker, and Melvin Manis, "Irrepressible Stereotypes," Journal of Experi-mental Social Psychology 32 (1996): 14.
53. Myron Rothbart and Majorie Taylor, "Category Labels and Social Reality: Do We View Social Categories as Natural Kinds?," in Language, Interaction, and Social Cognition, eds. Gün Semin and Klaus Fiedler (London: Sage, 1992), 11-36, at 26.
54. Leif Wenar, "Reparations for the Future," Journal of Social Philosophy 37 (2006): 396-405, sec. II.
55. Kok-Chor Tan, "Colonialism, Reparations and Global Justice", in Reparations, eds. Jon Miller and Rahul Kumar (Oxford: Oxford University Press, forthcoming).
56. Wenar, "Reparations for the Future," 401-02.
57. Robert Nozick, Anarchy, State and Utopia (New York: Basic Books, 1974), 150-64, at 152.