Blame, guilt and avoidance the struggle to control the past in post-socialist Mongolia

History and Memory

Volumn 11, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 94-114

  Kaplonski, Christopher ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 33846965398     PISSN: 0935560X     EISSN: 15271994     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/ham.2005.0003     Document Type: Review

References (23)

1. "We Didn't Choose This Party to Repress People", Ünen, 22-25 Nov. 1997, 1.
2. Sarah Nuttall, "Telling 'Free' Stories? Memory and Democracy in South African Autobiography since 1994", in Sarah Nuttall and Carli Coetzee, eds., Negotiating the Past: The Making of Memory in South Africa (Cape Town, 1998), 75.
3. See the online version of Ardyn Erh (People's right) (www.mol.mn. argamag/ae4/ard1.html) for 11 Sept. 1998.
4. Two days earlier a different article in Ardyn Erh gave 69 as the number arrested (www.mol.mn. argamag/ae2/ard1.html). Some historians give 115 as the number arrested.
5. A. Dumburai, Zalhaan Tseerlüülelt (Repression) (Ulaanbaatar, 1997), 81, 91. The Ministry of Internal Affairs was the Mongolian secret police.
6. Sh. Agvaan, H. Choibalsan ba dotood yavdlyn yam (H. Choibalsan and the Ministry of Internal Affairs) (Ulaanbaatar, 1991), 50. Namsrai had been the head of the Office of Internal Security (dotoodyg hamgaalah gazar), the precursor of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
7. P. Ochirbat, Tengeriin Tsag (The heavenly hour) (Ulaanbaatar, 1996), 191-92.
8. Interview with G. Tserendulam (Genden's daughter), 25 Sept. 1997.
9. See Christopher Kaplonski, "'For the Memory of the Hero is His Second Life': Truth, History and Politics in Late Twentieth-Century Mongolia" (Ph. D. diss., Rutgers University, 1996).
10. Baabar, XX zuuny Mongol (Twentieth-century Mongolia) (Ulaanbaatar, 1996), 459.
11. English translation: Twentieth Century Mongolia, ed. Christopher Kaplonski (Cambridge, 1999). Baabar is the pseudonym of B. Batbayar, under which he published clandestinely in the late 1980s and early 1990s. He is still better known as Baabar.
12. "The Record of the Fourth Meeting of the Second Elected State Ih Hural, vol. 3", 3 Oct. 1997, 70 (in Mongolian).
13. "A One-Sided Conclusion Has Been Reached", ArdynErh, 12 Nov. 1997, 2.
14. "The Record of the Fourth Meeting of the Second Elected State Ih Hural, vol. 3", 3 Oct. 1997, 87.
15. "A One-Sided Conclusion Has Been Reached."
16. "'A One-Sided Conclusion Has Been Reached', He Said", Ardchilal, Nov. 1997, 1. The changes were of a minor, grammatical sort and did not affect the meaning.
17. Baabar, XX zuuny Mongol, 461.
18. The same issue, on the same page, included an interview with M. Rinchin, director of the Political Repression Research Center, and D. Baasanjav, head of the Union of Victims of Political Repression. It also included a document labeled "Top Secret" related to the case of Tömör-Ochir, a member of the MAHN Politburo who had been repressed in 1962. See Ardyn Erh, 13 Dec. 1997, 3.
19. The whole issue, however, was largely ignored by the English-language press in Mongolia. Only one article, dealing with the statement of the Union of Victims of Political Repression, appeared: "MPRP Taken to Task on Purge Record", UB Post, 2 Dec. 1997, 2.
20. Caroline Humphrey, "The Moral Authority of the Past in Post-Socialist Mongolia", Religion, State and Society 20, nos. 3 and 4(1992):375-89.
21. For a fuller examination of this issue, see Kaplonski, "'For the Memory of the Hero is His Second Life'", chap. 3.
22. Ch. Av'yasüren and H. Nyambuu, Mongol yos zanshlyn ih tailbar tol' (The great dictionary of Mongolian customs) (Ulaanbaatar, 1992), 3.
23. David Lowenthal, The Heritage Crusade and the Spoils of History (London, 1997), 137.