Inside/outside: Merleau-ponty/yoga

Philosophy East and West

Volumn 52, Issue 4, 2002, Pages 459-478

  Sarukkai, Sundar ^a  

^a INDIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE   (India)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33846957874     PISSN: 00318221     EISSN: 15291898     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/pew.2002.0038     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. - M. Merleau-Ponty, The Visible and the Invisible, trans. Alphonso Lingis (Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1968)
2. - C. Vasseleu, Textures of Light (London and New York: Routledge, 1998), p. 60
3. - Merleau-Ponty, The Visible and the Invisible, p. 148
4. - D. Olkowski, "The Continuum of Interiority and Exteriority in the Thought of Merleau-Ponty," in D. Olkowski and J. Morley, eds., Merleau-Ponty, Interiority and Exteriority Psychic Life and the World (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1999), p. 1
5. - Galen Johnson, "Inside and Outside," in Olkowski and Morley, Merleau-Ponty Interiority and Exteriority p. 29
6. For a treatment of the idea of inner (as thought, psyche, rather than 'body') building in Wittgenstein, see Paul Johnston, Wittgenstein: Rethinking the Inner (London and New York: Routledge, 1993)
7. - Merleau-Ponty, The Visible and the Invisible, p. 265
8. - Edward Casey, "The Element of Voluminousness: Depth and Place Reexamined," in Merleau-Ponty Vivant, ed. M. C. Dillon (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1991)
9. - M. C. Dillon, Merleau-Ponty's Ontology (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1988), p. 167
10. - S. C. Banerji, Studies in Origin and Development of Yoga (Calcutta: Punthi Pustak, 1995)
11. - J. H. Woods, The Yoga-System of Patañjali (1914; Delhi: Motilal Banara-sidas, 1983). The second sūtra of Book I in the Yogasūtra says yoga is cittavrttinirodha
12. - J. R. Ballantyne and G. S. Shastri, Yogasūtras of Patañjali (Delhi: Akay Book Corporation, 1980), p. 10
13. - Woods, The Yoga-System of Patañjali, p. 6
14. - To list them: the organs of sense are the eye, ear, skin, nose, and tongue; the organs of action are the organ of speech, the hand, foot, anus, and genitals. This is the listing of the eleven Indriyas, the eleventh being mind, as listed in sütra II.19 of Sāmkhya-Pravachana-Sūtram. But further on, mind as the internal organ is itself subdivided into three divisions. Thus sūtra II.38 says that there are thirteen instruments (karana) of which ten 'external' are the organs of sense and action and three 'internal' are associated with the mental (budclhi, ahamkara, and manas). See the Sāmkhya Philosophy, trans. N. Sinha (1915; Delhi: Oriental Books, 1979), pp. 252, 270
15. - Ballantyne and Shastri, Yogasūtras of Patañjali, p. 11
16. - Woods, The Yoga-System of Patañjali, p. 191
17. - Ballantyne and Shastri, Yogasutras of Patañjali, p. 64
18. - Woods, The Yoga-System of Patañjali, p. 194
19. - See also T. Leggett, The Complete Commentary by Śañkara on the Yoga Sūtras (London and New York: Kegan Paul, 1990), p. 276
20. - For example, see D. M. Levin, ed., Modernity and the Hegemony of Vision (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993)
21. - N. Sinha, The Sāmkhya Philosophy, p. xi
22. - Banerji, Studies in Origin and Development of Yoga, p. 275
23. - B.K.S. Iyengar, Light on Yoga (London: George Allen and Unwin, 1968), p. 242
24. Mircea Eliade discusses breath control and other respiratory practices associated with Taoism. In the case of "embryonic respiration," the Taoists believe that the 'place' of each breath is the "internal organ that corresponds to each breath." See Mircea Eliade, Yoga: Immortality and Freedom, trans. Willard Trask (New York: Pantheon Books, 1958), p. 60
25. - Banerji, Studies in Origin and Development of Yoga, p. 357
26. Hathayoga-Pradīpikā II.49
27. - Dillon, Merleau-Ponty's Ontology, p. 170
28. - See Merleau-Ponty, Phenomenology of Perception, trans. Colin Smith (New York: Humanities Press, 1962)
29. See also Dillon, Merleau-Ponty's Ontology
30. - There is also this interesting belief within the yogic, particularly the tantric, tradition that the health of a person can be gauged by the amount of time one breathes through the left or right nostril. An imbalance in this is related to the level of illness of the person. See, for example, Swami Śivapriyananda, Secret Power of Tantrik Breathing (New Delhi: Abhinav Publications, 1983)