메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 16, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 183-209

Assessing extinction risk in the absence of species-level data: Quantitative criteria for terrestrial ecosystems

Author keywords

Endangered; Extinction risk; IUCN Red Lists; Land cover change; Remotely sensed data; Terrestrial ecosystems; Threatened

Indexed keywords

CONSERVATION STATUS; ENDEMISM; EXTINCTION RISK; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; LOWLAND ENVIRONMENT; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; RED LIST; REMOTE SENSING; RISK ASSESSMENT; SATELLITE DATA; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM; TROPICAL FOREST; VULNERABILITY;

EID: 33846957696     PISSN: 09603115     EISSN: 15729710     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10531-006-9102-1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (50)

References (159)
  • 1
    • 33748632047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Species: Demarcation and diversity
    • Purvis A, Gittleman JL, Brooks TM eds, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp
    • Agapow PM (2005) Species: demarcation and diversity. In: Purvis A, Gittleman JL, Brooks TM (eds) Phylogeny and conservation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp 57-75
    • (2005) Phylogeny and conservation , pp. 57-75
    • Agapow, P.M.1
  • 2
    • 33846954682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alencar A, Nepstad DC, McGrath D, Moutinho P, Pacheco P, Diaz MDV, Soares-Filho B (2004) Desmatamento na Amazônia: Indo Além da Emergência Crônica. IPAM, Belém, Pará, Brazil
    • Alencar A, Nepstad DC, McGrath D, Moutinho P, Pacheco P, Diaz MDV, Soares-Filho B (2004) Desmatamento na Amazônia: Indo Além da Emergência Crônica. IPAM, Belém, Pará, Brazil
  • 3
    • 0028811824 scopus 로고
    • Revising the British Red List for birds: The biological basis of U.K. conservation priorities
    • Avery M, Gibbons DW, Porter R, Tew T, Tucker G, Williams G (1995) Revising the British Red List for birds: the biological basis of U.K. conservation priorities. Ibis 137:S232-S239
    • (1995) Ibis , vol.137
    • Avery, M.1    Gibbons, D.W.2    Porter, R.3    Tew, T.4    Tucker, G.5    Williams, G.6
  • 4
    • 33846993321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baillie JEM, Hilton-Taylor C, Stuart SN (2004) 2004 IUCN Red List of threatened species. A global species assessment. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, U.K
    • Baillie JEM, Hilton-Taylor C, Stuart SN (2004) 2004 IUCN Red List of threatened species. A global species assessment. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, U.K
  • 5
    • 0032414111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do habitat corridors provide connectivity?
    • Beier P, Noss RF (1998) Do habitat corridors provide connectivity? Conserv Biol 12:1241-1252
    • (1998) Conserv Biol , vol.12 , pp. 1241-1252
    • Beier, P.1    Noss, R.F.2
  • 6
    • 0037251003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using patch isolation metrics to predict animal movement in binary landscapes
    • Bender DJ, Tischendorf L, Fahrig L (2003) Using patch isolation metrics to predict animal movement in binary landscapes. Landscape Ecol 18:17-39
    • (2003) Landscape Ecol , vol.18 , pp. 17-39
    • Bender, D.J.1    Tischendorf, L.2    Fahrig, L.3
  • 7
    • 33846948901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New South Wales vegetation classification and assessment: Introduction - the classification, database, assessment of protected areas and threat status of plant communities
    • Benson JS (2006) New South Wales vegetation classification and assessment: introduction - the classification, database, assessment of protected areas and threat status of plant communities. Cunninghamia 9:331-382
    • (2006) Cunninghamia , vol.9 , pp. 331-382
    • Benson, J.S.1
  • 8
    • 33846948901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New South Wales vegetation classification and assessment: Part 1 plant communities of the NSW Western Plains
    • Benson JS, Allen C, Togher C, Lemmon J (2006) New South Wales vegetation classification and assessment: part 1 plant communities of the NSW Western Plains. Cunninghamia 9:383-451
    • (2006) Cunninghamia , vol.9 , pp. 383-451
    • Benson, J.S.1    Allen, C.2    Togher, C.3    Lemmon, J.4
  • 9
    • 0029167467 scopus 로고
    • Proposal on a criteria system for a National Red Data Book of Biotopes
    • Blab J, Riecken U, Ssymank A (1995) Proposal on a criteria system for a National Red Data Book of Biotopes. Landscape Ecol 10:41-50
    • (1995) Landscape Ecol , vol.10 , pp. 41-50
    • Blab, J.1    Riecken, U.2    Ssymank, A.3
  • 10
    • 29144475120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors influencing the distribution of large mammals within a protected central African forest
    • Blom A, van Zalinge R, Heitkonig IMA, Prins HHT (2005) Factors influencing the distribution of large mammals within a protected central African forest. Oryx 39:381-388
    • (2005) Oryx , vol.39 , pp. 381-388
    • Blom, A.1    van Zalinge, R.2    Heitkonig, I.M.A.3    Prins, H.H.T.4
  • 11
    • 33645407829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating the sustainability of hunting in the Neotropics
    • Silvius KM, Bodmer RE, Fragoso JMV eds, Columbia University Press, New York, pp
    • Bodmer RE, Robinson JG (2004) Evaluating the sustainability of hunting in the Neotropics. In: Silvius KM, Bodmer RE, Fragoso JMV (eds) People in nature. Wildlife conservation in South and Central America. Columbia University Press, New York, pp 299-323
    • (2004) People in nature. Wildlife conservation in South and Central America , pp. 299-323
    • Bodmer, R.E.1    Robinson, J.G.2
  • 12
    • 18144373510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Capturing biodiversity: Selecting priority areas for conservation using different criteria
    • Bonn A, Gaston KJ (2005) Capturing biodiversity: selecting priority areas for conservation using different criteria. Biodivers Conserv 14:1083-1100
    • (2005) Biodivers Conserv , vol.14 , pp. 1083-1100
    • Bonn, A.1    Gaston, K.J.2
  • 13
    • 0032987605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of landscape spatial structure on movement patterns of the hispid cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus)
    • Bowne DR, Peles JD, Barrett GW (1999) Effects of landscape spatial structure on movement patterns of the hispid cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus). Landscape Ecol 14:53-65
    • (1999) Landscape Ecol , vol.14 , pp. 53-65
    • Bowne, D.R.1    Peles, J.D.2    Barrett, G.W.3
  • 15
    • 0043267996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catastrophic extinctions follow deforestation in Singapore
    • Brook BW, Sodhi NS, Ng PKL (2003) Catastrophic extinctions follow deforestation in Singapore. Nature 424:420-423
    • (2003) Nature , vol.424 , pp. 420-423
    • Brook, B.W.1    Sodhi, N.S.2    Ng, P.K.L.3
  • 17
    • 0027065605 scopus 로고
    • Habitat alteration and species loss in Brazilian forests
    • Whitmore TC, Sayer JA eds, Chapman and Hall, London, pp
    • Brown KA, Brown GG (1992) Habitat alteration and species loss in Brazilian forests. In: Whitmore TC, Sayer JA (eds) Tropical deforestation and species extinction. Chapman and Hall, London, pp 119-142
    • (1992) Tropical deforestation and species extinction , pp. 119-142
    • Brown, K.A.1    Brown, G.G.2
  • 20
    • 19944410974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison-shopper's guide to connectivity metrics
    • Calabrese JM, Fagan WF (2004) A comparison-shopper's guide to connectivity metrics. Front Ecol Environ 2:529-536
    • (2004) Front Ecol Environ , vol.2 , pp. 529-536
    • Calabrese, J.M.1    Fagan, W.F.2
  • 25
    • 0022178491 scopus 로고
    • The vanishing Brazilian Atlantic forest
    • da Fonseca GAB (1985) The vanishing Brazilian Atlantic forest. Biol Conserv 34:17-34
    • (1985) Biol Conserv , vol.34 , pp. 17-34
    • da Fonseca, G.A.B.1
  • 28
    • 33846971914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eastman JR (2003) Idrisi Kilimanjaro: Guide to GIS and image proccessing. Manual version 14.00. Clark Labs, Clark University, Worcester, Massachussets, USA
    • Eastman JR (2003) Idrisi Kilimanjaro: Guide to GIS and image proccessing. Manual version 14.00. Clark Labs, Clark University, Worcester, Massachussets, USA
  • 30
    • 33846961378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental Law Institute ELI, heritage: tools for biodiversity conservation. ELI, Washington, DC, USA
    • Environmental Law Institute (ELI) (1999) Protecting Delaware's natural heritage: tools for biodiversity conservation. ELI, Washington, DC, USA
    • (1999) Protecting Delaware's natural
  • 34
    • 0036554569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping spatial pattern in biodiversity for regional conservation planning: Where to from here?
    • Ferrier S (2002) Mapping spatial pattern in biodiversity for regional conservation planning: where to from here? Syst Biol 51:331-363
    • (2002) Syst Biol , vol.51 , pp. 331-363
    • Ferrier, S.1
  • 37
    • 23444437361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetics and extinction
    • Frankham R (2005) Genetics and extinction. Biol Conserv 126:131-140
    • (2005) Biol Conserv , vol.126 , pp. 131-140
    • Frankham, R.1
  • 38
    • 0027437103 scopus 로고
    • Preserving biodiversity: Species, ecosystems or landscapes
    • Franklin JF (1993) Preserving biodiversity: species, ecosystems or landscapes. Ecol Appl 3:202-205
    • (1993) Ecol Appl , vol.3 , pp. 202-205
    • Franklin, J.F.1
  • 39
    • 58249131222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The state of the forest: Indonesia
    • FWI/GFW , Bogor, Indonesia, and Washington, DC, USA
    • FWI/GFW (2002) The state of the forest: Indonesia. Forest Watch Indonesia and Global Forest Watch, Bogor, Indonesia, and Washington, DC, USA
    • (2002) Forest Watch Indonesia and Global Forest Watch
  • 41
    • 0001921913 scopus 로고
    • The individualistic concept of the plant association
    • Gleason HA (1926) The individualistic concept of the plant association. Bull Torrey Bot Club 53:7-26
    • (1926) Bull Torrey Bot Club , vol.53 , pp. 7-26
    • Gleason, H.A.1
  • 42
    • 0025658764 scopus 로고
    • Deforestation history of the Eastern Rain Forests of Madagascar from satellite images
    • Green GM, Sussman RW (1990) Deforestation history of the Eastern Rain Forests of Madagascar from satellite images. Science 248:212-215
    • (1990) Science , vol.248 , pp. 212-215
    • Green, G.M.1    Sussman, R.W.2
  • 44
    • 14644402177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying landscape spatial pattern: What is the state of the art?
    • Gustafson EJ (1998) Quantifying landscape spatial pattern: what is the state of the art? Ecosystems 1:143-156
    • (1998) Ecosystems , vol.1 , pp. 143-156
    • Gustafson, E.J.1
  • 45
    • 0026000769 scopus 로고
    • Large-scale patterns of forest succession as determined by remote-sensing
    • Hall FG, Botkin DB, Strebel DE, Woods KD, Goetz SJ (1991) Large-scale patterns of forest succession as determined by remote-sensing. Ecology 72:628-640
    • (1991) Ecology , vol.72 , pp. 628-640
    • Hall, F.G.1    Botkin, D.B.2    Strebel, D.E.3    Woods, K.D.4    Goetz, S.J.5
  • 46
    • 0026289858 scopus 로고
    • Single-species metapopulation dynamics: Concepts, models and observations
    • Hanski I (1991) Single-species metapopulation dynamics: concepts, models and observations. Biol J Linn Soc 42:17-38
    • (1991) Biol J Linn Soc , vol.42 , pp. 17-38
    • Hanski, I.1
  • 47
    • 0028175341 scopus 로고
    • Patch-occupancy dynamics in fragmented landscapes
    • Hanski I (1994) Patch-occupancy dynamics in fragmented landscapes. Trends Ecol Evol 9:131-135
    • (1994) Trends Ecol Evol , vol.9 , pp. 131-135
    • Hanski, I.1
  • 48
    • 33846955354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hassan R, Scholes R, Ash N eds, Findings of the condition and trends working group. Island Press, Washington, DC, USA
    • Hassan R, Scholes R, Ash N (eds) (2005). Ecosystems and human well-being: current state and trends, vol 1. Findings of the condition and trends working group. Island Press, Washington, DC, USA
    • (2005) Ecosystems and human well-being: Current state and trends , vol.1
  • 50
    • 77949485588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The state of the Nation's ecosystems: Measuring the lands, waters, and living resources of the United States. Cambridge University Press for The H
    • Heinz Center , New York, USA
    • Heinz Center (2002) The state of the Nation's ecosystems: measuring the lands, waters, and living resources of the United States. Cambridge University Press for The H. John Heinz III Center for Science, Economics, and the Environment, New York, USA
    • (2002) John Heinz III Center for Science, Economics, and the Environment
  • 52
    • 12944286383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Confronting a biome crisis: Global disparities of habitat loss and protection
    • Hoekstra JM, Boucher TM, Ricketts TH, Roberts C (2005) Confronting a biome crisis: global disparities of habitat loss and protection. Ecol Lett 8:23-29
    • (2005) Ecol Lett , vol.8 , pp. 23-29
    • Hoekstra, J.M.1    Boucher, T.M.2    Ricketts, T.H.3    Roberts, C.4
  • 53
    • 33846956405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Holmes D (2000) Deforestation in Indonesia: a review of the situation in 1999. World Bank, Jakarta, Indonesia
    • Holmes D (2000) Deforestation in Indonesia: a review of the situation in 1999. World Bank, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • 54
    • 0002954807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The predicted extinction of lowland forests in Indonesia
    • Wikramanayake E, Dinerstein E, Loucks CJ, Olson DM, Morrison J, Lamoreux J, McKnight M, Hedao P eds, Island Press, Washington DC, pp
    • Holmes D (2002) The predicted extinction of lowland forests in Indonesia. In: Wikramanayake E, Dinerstein E, Loucks CJ, Olson DM, Morrison J, Lamoreux J, McKnight M, Hedao P (eds) Terrestrial ecoregions of the Indo-Pacific: a conservation assessment. Island Press, Washington DC, pp 7-13
    • (2002) Terrestrial ecoregions of the Indo-Pacific: A conservation assessment , pp. 7-13
    • Holmes, D.1
  • 56
    • 0002487299 scopus 로고
    • Markovian properties of forest succession
    • Cody ML, Diamond JM eds, Belknap Press, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, pp
    • Horn HS (1975) Markovian properties of forest succession. In: Cody ML, Diamond JM (eds) Ecology and evolution of communities. Belknap Press, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, pp 196-211
    • (1975) Ecology and evolution of communities , pp. 196-211
    • Horn, H.S.1
  • 58
    • 0003522670 scopus 로고
    • IUCN , IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland
    • IUCN (1994) IUCN Red List categories. IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland
    • (1994) IUCN Red List categories
  • 59
    • 33846973592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IUCN (2001) IUCN Red List categories and criteria: version 3.1. Species Survival Commission, World Conservation Union IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK
    • IUCN (2001) IUCN Red List categories and criteria: version 3.1. Species Survival Commission, World Conservation Union (IUCN), Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK
  • 60
    • 10644225747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IUCN (, version 3.0. IUCN Species Survival Commission. The World Conservation Union IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK
    • IUCN (2003) Guidelines for application of IUCN Red List criteria at regional levels: version 3.0. IUCN Species Survival Commission. The World Conservation Union (IUCN), Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK
    • (2003) Guidelines for application of IUCN Red List criteria at regional levels
  • 61
    • 85030319381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List categories and criteria
    • IUCN (, The World Conservation Union IUCN, Gland, Switzerland
    • IUCN (2004) Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List categories and criteria. Standards and Petitions Subcommittee of the IUCN Red List Committee. The World Conservation Union (IUCN), Gland, Switzerland
    • (2004) Standards and Petitions Subcommittee of the IUCN Red List Committee
  • 62
    • 33846996280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IUCN , Commission
    • IUCN (2006) Species action plans of IUCN Species Survival Commission. http://www.iucn.org/ themes/ssc/publications/actionplans.htm. Cited 10 April 2006
    • (2006) Species action plans of IUCN Species Survival
  • 63
    • 0042740490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alterations following a fire in a forest community of Alto Rio Xingu
    • Ivanauskas NM, Monteiro R, Rodrigues RR (2003) Alterations following a fire in a forest community of Alto Rio Xingu. Forest Ecol Manage 184:239-250
    • (2003) Forest Ecol Manage , vol.184 , pp. 239-250
    • Ivanauskas, N.M.1    Monteiro, R.2    Rodrigues, R.R.3
  • 64
    • 0002116581 scopus 로고
    • Tropical dry forests: The most endangered major tropical ecosystem
    • Wilson EO eds, National Academy Press, Washington, DC, pp
    • Janzen D (1988) Tropical dry forests: the most endangered major tropical ecosystem. In: Wilson EO (eds) Biodiversity. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, pp 130-137
    • (1988) Biodiversity , pp. 130-137
    • Janzen, D.1
  • 65
    • 10644261536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From red lists to species of conservation concern
    • Keller V, Bollmann K (2004) From red lists to species of conservation concern. Conserv Biol 18:1636-1644
    • (2004) Conserv Biol , vol.18 , pp. 1636-1644
    • Keller, V.1    Bollmann, K.2
  • 68
    • 0034510905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of habitat disturbance and protected areas on mammals of peninsular Malaysia
    • Laidlaw RK (2000) Effects of habitat disturbance and protected areas on mammals of peninsular Malaysia. Conserv Biol 14:1639-1648
    • (2000) Conserv Biol , vol.14 , pp. 1639-1648
    • Laidlaw, R.K.1
  • 70
    • 0032823616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consequences of habitat loss and fragmentation for wetland amphibian assemblages
    • Lehtinen RM, Galatowitsch SM, Tester JR (1999) Consequences of habitat loss and fragmentation for wetland amphibian assemblages. Wetlands 19:1-12
    • (1999) Wetlands , vol.19 , pp. 1-12
    • Lehtinen, R.M.1    Galatowitsch, S.M.2    Tester, J.R.3
  • 71
    • 0000065728 scopus 로고
    • Some demographic and genetic consequences of environmental heterogeneity for biological control
    • Levins R (1969) Some demographic and genetic consequences of environmental heterogeneity for biological control. Bull Entomol Soc Am 15:237-240
    • (1969) Bull Entomol Soc Am , vol.15 , pp. 237-240
    • Levins, R.1
  • 72
    • 0027101175 scopus 로고
    • The problem of pattern and scale in ecology
    • Levin S (1992) The problem of pattern and scale in ecology. Ecology 73:1943-1967
    • (1992) Ecology , vol.73 , pp. 1943-1967
    • Levin, S.1
  • 73
    • 0002996799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling the inter-relationships between habitat patchiness, dispersal capability and metapopulation persistence of the endangered species, Leadbeater's possum, in south-eastern Australia
    • Lindenmayer DB, Possingham HP (1996) Modelling the inter-relationships between habitat patchiness, dispersal capability and metapopulation persistence of the endangered species, Leadbeater's possum, in south-eastern Australia. Landscape Ecol 11:79-105
    • (1996) Landscape Ecol , vol.11 , pp. 79-105
    • Lindenmayer, D.B.1    Possingham, H.P.2
  • 74
    • 33846963103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Llamozas S, Duno de Stefano R, Meier W, Riina R, Stauffer F, Aymard G, Huber O, Ortiz R (2003) Libro Rojo de la Flora Venezolana. PROVITA, Fundación Polar y Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela, Dr. Tobías Lasser, Caracas, Venezuela
    • Llamozas S, Duno de Stefano R, Meier W, Riina R, Stauffer F, Aymard G, Huber O, Ortiz R (2003) Libro Rojo de la Flora Venezolana. PROVITA, Fundación Polar y Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela, Dr. Tobías Lasser, Caracas, Venezuela
  • 77
    • 33846974648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mace G, Masundire H, Baillie J, Ricketts T, Brooks T, Hoffmann M, Stuart S, Balmford A, Purvis A, Reyers B, Wang J, Revenga C, Kennedy E, Naeem S, Alkemade R, Allnutt T, Bakarr M, Bond W, Chanson J, Cox N, Fonseca G, Hilton-Taylor C, Loucks C, Rodrigues A, Sechrest W, Stattersfield A, van Rensburg BJ, Whiteman C (2005) Biodiversity. In: Hassan R, Scholes R, Ash N (eds) Ecosystems and human well-being: current state and trends, 1. Findings of the condition and trends working group. Island Press, Washington, DC, USA, pp 77-122
    • Mace G, Masundire H, Baillie J, Ricketts T, Brooks T, Hoffmann M, Stuart S, Balmford A, Purvis A, Reyers B, Wang J, Revenga C, Kennedy E, Naeem S, Alkemade R, Allnutt T, Bakarr M, Bond W, Chanson J, Cox N, Fonseca G, Hilton-Taylor C, Loucks C, Rodrigues A, Sechrest W, Stattersfield A, van Rensburg BJ, Whiteman C (2005) Biodiversity. In: Hassan R, Scholes R, Ash N (eds) Ecosystems and human well-being: current state and trends, vol 1. Findings of the condition and trends working group. Island Press, Washington, DC, USA, pp 77-122
  • 78
    • 33847007250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mace G, Stuart S (1994) Draft IUCN Red List categories, version 2.2. Species 21-22:13-24
    • Mace G, Stuart S (1994) Draft IUCN Red List categories, version 2.2. Species 21-22:13-24
  • 79
    • 0026282754 scopus 로고
    • Assessing extinction threats: Toward a reevaluation of IUCN threatened species categories
    • Mace GM, Lande R (1991) Assessing extinction threats: toward a reevaluation of IUCN threatened species categories. Conserv Biol 5:148-157
    • (1991) Conserv Biol , vol.5 , pp. 148-157
    • Mace, G.M.1    Lande, R.2
  • 80
    • 0021598943 scopus 로고
    • Animal habitat isolation by roads and agricultural fields
    • Mader HJ (1984) Animal habitat isolation by roads and agricultural fields. Biol Conserv 29:81-96
    • (1984) Biol Conserv , vol.29 , pp. 81-96
    • Mader, H.J.1
  • 81
    • 0034636577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic conservation planning
    • Margules CR, Pressey RL (2000) Systematic conservation planning. Nature 405:243-253
    • (2000) Nature , vol.405 , pp. 243-253
    • Margules, C.R.1    Pressey, R.L.2
  • 82
    • 0002733946 scopus 로고
    • Assessing extinction rates
    • Lawton JH, May RM eds, Oxford University Press, pp
    • May RM, Lawton JH, Stork NE (1995) Assessing extinction rates. In: Lawton JH, May RM (eds) Extinction rates. Oxford University Press, pp. 1-24
    • (1995) Extinction rates , pp. 1-24
    • May, R.M.1    Lawton, J.H.2    Stork, N.E.3
  • 83
    • 0036557499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative evaluation of experimental approaches to the study of habitat fragmentation effects
    • McGarigal K, Cushman SA (2002) Comparative evaluation of experimental approaches to the study of habitat fragmentation effects. Ecol Appl 12:335-345
    • (2002) Ecol Appl , vol.12 , pp. 335-345
    • McGarigal, K.1    Cushman, S.A.2
  • 84
    • 33846978677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • McGarigal K, Cushman SA, Neel MC, Ene E (2002) FRAGSTATS: Spatial Pattern Analysis Program for Categorical Maps. Computer software program produced by the authors at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Available at the following web site
    • McGarigal K, Cushman SA, Neel MC, Ene E (2002) FRAGSTATS: Spatial Pattern Analysis Program for Categorical Maps. Computer software program produced by the authors at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Available at the following web site: http://www.umass. edu/landeco/research/fragstats/fragstats. html
  • 85
    • 23844523904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward a scientifically rigorous basis for developing mapped ecological regions
    • McMahon G, Wiken EB, Gauthier DA (2004) Toward a scientifically rigorous basis for developing mapped ecological regions. Environ Manage 34:S111-S124
    • (2004) Environ Manage , vol.34
    • McMahon, G.1    Wiken, E.B.2    Gauthier, D.A.3
  • 87
    • 0031861298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biodiversity hotspots and major tropical wilderness areas: Approaches to setting conservation priorities
    • Mittermeier RA, Myers N, Thomsen JB, da Fonseca GAB, Olivieri S (1998) Biodiversity hotspots and major tropical wilderness areas: approaches to setting conservation priorities. Conserv Biol 12:516-520
    • (1998) Conserv Biol , vol.12 , pp. 516-520
    • Mittermeier, R.A.1    Myers, N.2    Thomsen, J.B.3    da Fonseca, G.A.B.4    Olivieri, S.5
  • 88
    • 0013278806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simple connectivity measures in spatial ecology
    • Moilanen A, Nieminen M (2002) Simple connectivity measures in spatial ecology. Ecology 83:1131-1145
    • (2002) Ecology , vol.83 , pp. 1131-1145
    • Moilanen, A.1    Nieminen, M.2
  • 89
    • 0035009123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction: The Brazilian Atlantic forest
    • Morellato LPC, Haddad CFB (2000) Introduction: the Brazilian Atlantic forest. Biotropica 32:786-792
    • (2000) Biotropica , vol.32 , pp. 786-792
    • Morellato, L.P.C.1    Haddad, C.F.B.2
  • 90
    • 0002050668 scopus 로고
    • Dry forests of Central America and the Caribbean
    • Bullock SH, Mooney HA, Medina E eds, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp
    • Murphy P, Lugo A (1995) Dry forests of Central America and the Caribbean. In: Bullock SH, Mooney HA, Medina E (eds) Seasonally dry tropical forests. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 9-34
    • (1995) Seasonally dry tropical forests , pp. 9-34
    • Murphy, P.1    Lugo, A.2
  • 92
    • 0000254329 scopus 로고
    • The role of riparian corridors in maintaining regional biodiversity
    • Naiman RJ, Decamps H, Pollock M (1993) The role of riparian corridors in maintaining regional biodiversity. Ecol Appl 3:209-212
    • (1993) Ecol Appl , vol.3 , pp. 209-212
    • Naiman, R.J.1    Decamps, H.2    Pollock, M.3
  • 93
    • 1842764872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The threat of transformation: Quantifying the vulnerability of grasslands in South Africa
    • Neke KS, Du Plessis MA (2004) The threat of transformation: quantifying the vulnerability of grasslands in South Africa. Conserv Biol 18:466-477
    • (2004) Conserv Biol , vol.18 , pp. 466-477
    • Neke, K.S.1    Du Plessis, M.A.2
  • 94
    • 33646473435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decline of the endemic Hose's langur Presbytis hosei in Kayan Mentarang National Park, east Borneo
    • Nijman V (2005) Decline of the endemic Hose's langur Presbytis hosei in Kayan Mentarang National Park, east Borneo. Oryx 39:223-226
    • (2005) Oryx , vol.39 , pp. 223-226
    • Nijman, V.1
  • 95
    • 0034994696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extraterritorial movements of a forest songbird in a fragmented landscape
    • Norris DR, Stutchbury BJM (2001) Extraterritorial movements of a forest songbird in a fragmented landscape. Conserv Biol 15:729-736
    • (2001) Conserv Biol , vol.15 , pp. 729-736
    • Norris, D.R.1    Stutchbury, B.J.M.2
  • 96
    • 16144369354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecosystems as conservation targets
    • Noss RF (1996) Ecosystems as conservation targets. Trends Ecol Evol 11:351
    • (1996) Trends Ecol Evol , vol.11 , pp. 351
    • Noss, R.F.1
  • 97
    • 0014683041 scopus 로고
    • The strategy of ecosystem development
    • Odum EP (1969) The strategy of ecosystem development. Science 164:262-270
    • (1969) Science , vol.164 , pp. 262-270
    • Odum, E.P.1
  • 98
    • 0031831935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The global 200: A representation approach to conserving the earth's most biologically valuable ecoregions
    • Olson DM, Dinerstein E (1998) The global 200: a representation approach to conserving the earth's most biologically valuable ecoregions. Conserv Biol 12:502-515
    • (1998) Conserv Biol , vol.12 , pp. 502-515
    • Olson, D.M.1    Dinerstein, E.2
  • 100
    • 0001185914 scopus 로고
    • Endangered at what level?
    • Orians GH (1993) Endangered at what level?. Ecol Appl 3:206-208
    • (1993) Ecol Appl , vol.3 , pp. 206-208
    • Orians, G.H.1
  • 101
    • 0344026215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternate species concepts as bases for determining priority conservation areas
    • Peterson AT, Navarro-Sigüenza AG (1999) Alternate species concepts as bases for determining priority conservation areas. Conserv Biol 13:427-431
    • (1999) Conserv Biol , vol.13 , pp. 427-431
    • Peterson, A.T.1    Navarro-Sigüenza, A.G.2
  • 102
    • 0036460356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ecosystem as a multidimensional concept: Meaning, model, and metaphor
    • Pickett STA, Cadenasso ML (2002) The ecosystem as a multidimensional concept: meaning, model, and metaphor. Ecosystems 5:1-10
    • (2002) Ecosystems , vol.5 , pp. 1-10
    • Pickett, S.T.A.1    Cadenasso, M.L.2
  • 103
    • 0037119599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conservation priorities for Russian mammals
    • Polishchuk LV (2002) Conservation priorities for Russian mammals. Science 297:1123-1123
    • (2002) Science , vol.297 , pp. 1123-1123
    • Polishchuk, L.V.1
  • 104
    • 33846968738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Portillo CA (2004) Cuantificación del Riesgo de Extinción de los Hábitats terretres de la Zona Protectora de la Cuenca Baja de los Ríos Socuy, Guasare y Cachirí. Tesis de Licenciatura, Departmento de Biología, Facultad Experimental de Ciencias. La Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, p 88+xi
    • Portillo CA (2004) Cuantificación del Riesgo de Extinción de los Hábitats terretres de la Zona Protectora de la Cuenca Baja de los Ríos Socuy, Guasare y Cachirí. Tesis de Licenciatura, Departmento de Biología, Facultad Experimental de Ciencias. La Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, p 88+xi
  • 106
    • 0027338678 scopus 로고
    • Rare species, the coincidence of diversity hotspots and conservation strategies
    • Prendergast JR, Quinn RM, Lawton JH, Eversham BC, Gibbons DW (1993) Rare species, the coincidence of diversity hotspots and conservation strategies. Nature 365:335-337
    • (1993) Nature , vol.365 , pp. 335-337
    • Prendergast, J.R.1    Quinn, R.M.2    Lawton, J.H.3    Eversham, B.C.4    Gibbons, D.W.5
  • 107
    • 0000597988 scopus 로고
    • The canonical distribution of commonness and rarity: Part I
    • Preston FW (1962a) The canonical distribution of commonness and rarity: part I. Ecology 43:185-215
    • (1962) Ecology , vol.43 , pp. 185-215
    • Preston, F.W.1
  • 108
    • 0000597987 scopus 로고
    • The canonical distribution of commonness and rarity: Part II
    • Preston FW (1962b) The canonical distribution of commonness and rarity: part II. Ecology 43:410-432
    • (1962) Ecology , vol.43 , pp. 410-432
    • Preston, F.W.1
  • 109
    • 33846960687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diseño y Aplicación de Métodos Cuantitativos para Estimar el Riesgo de Amenaza de los Hábitats Terrestres de la Zona Centro-Norte de Venezuela. Informe Técnico enviado al Fondo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (Fonacit). Asociación Civil
    • PROVITA , Caracas, Venezuela, p
    • PROVITA (2004) Diseño y Aplicación de Métodos Cuantitativos para Estimar el Riesgo de Amenaza de los Hábitats Terrestres de la Zona Centro-Norte de Venezuela. Informe Técnico enviado al Fondo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (Fonacit). Asociación Civil "Provita", Caracas, Venezuela, p 34
    • (2004) Provita , pp. 34
  • 110
    • 0031956274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The fragmented Atlantic rain forest of Brazil: Size, shape and distribution of forest fragments
    • Ranta P, Blom T, Niemela J, Joensuu E, Siitonen M (1998) The fragmented Atlantic rain forest of Brazil: size, shape and distribution of forest fragments. Biodivers Conserv 7:385-403
    • (1998) Biodivers Conserv , vol.7 , pp. 385-403
    • Ranta, P.1    Blom, T.2    Niemela, J.3    Joensuu, E.4    Siitonen, M.5
  • 111
    • 0002540021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conservation
    • Cowling RM, Richardson DM, Pierce SM eds, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, pp
    • Rebelo AG (1997) Conservation. In: Cowling RM, Richardson DM, Pierce SM (eds) Vegetation of southern Africa. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, pp 571-589
    • (1997) Vegetation of southern Africa , pp. 571-589
    • Rebelo, A.G.1
  • 113
    • 4644291600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Capturing expert knowledge for threatened species assessments:a case study using NatureServe conservation status ranks
    • Regan TJ, Master LL, Hammerson GA (2004) Capturing expert knowledge for threatened species assessments:a case study using NatureServe conservation status ranks. Acta Oecol 26:95-107
    • (2004) Acta Oecol , vol.26 , pp. 95-107
    • Regan, T.J.1    Master, L.L.2    Hammerson, G.A.3
  • 114
    • 29444434193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ricketts TH, Dinerstein E, Boucher T, Brooks TM, Butchart SHM, Hoffmann M, Lamoreux JF, Morrison J, Parr M, Pilgrim JD, Rodrigues ASL, Sechrest W, Wallace GE, Berlin K, Bielby J, Burgess ND, Church DR, Cox N, Knox D, Loucks C, Luck GW, Master LL, Moore R, Naidoo R, Ridgely R, Schatz GE, Shire G, Strand H, Wettengel W, Wikramanayake E (2005) Pinpointing and preventing imminent extinctions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA:0509060102
    • Ricketts TH, Dinerstein E, Boucher T, Brooks TM, Butchart SHM, Hoffmann M, Lamoreux JF, Morrison J, Parr M, Pilgrim JD, Rodrigues ASL, Sechrest W, Wallace GE, Berlin K, Bielby J, Burgess ND, Church DR, Cox N, Knox D, Loucks C, Luck GW, Master LL, Moore R, Naidoo R, Ridgely R, Schatz GE, Shire G, Strand H, Wettengel W, Wikramanayake E (2005) Pinpointing and preventing imminent extinctions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA:0509060102
  • 118
    • 33846960447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rodríguez JP, Lazo R, Solórzano LA, Rojas-Suárez F (eds, 2004a) Cartografía Digital Básica de las Areas Naturales Protegidas de Venezuela: Parques Nacionales, Monumentos Naturales, Refugios de Fauna, Reservas de Fauna y Reservas de Biósfera. Versión 1.0, CD ROM y en-línea. Centro Internacional de Ecología Tropical (CIET, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC, Conservación Internacional Venezuela, UNESCO y Oficina Nacional de Diversidad Biológica del Ministerio del Ambiente y de los Recursos Naturales MARN, Caracas, Venezuela. Disponible en Internet
    • Rodríguez JP, Lazo R, Solórzano LA, Rojas-Suárez F (eds) (2004a) Cartografía Digital Básica de las Areas Naturales Protegidas de Venezuela: Parques Nacionales, Monumentos Naturales, Refugios de Fauna, Reservas de Fauna y Reservas de Biósfera. Versión 1.0, CD ROM y en-línea. Centro Internacional de Ecología Tropical (CIET), Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Conservación Internacional Venezuela, UNESCO y Oficina Nacional de Diversidad Biológica del Ministerio del Ambiente y de los Recursos Naturales (MARN), Caracas, Venezuela. Disponible en Internet: http://www.ecosig.ivic.ve/anapro.htm
  • 119
    • 0030447529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the design of conservation strategies for the animals of Venezuela
    • Rodríguez JP, Rojas-Suárez F (1996) Guidelines for the design of conservation strategies for the animals of Venezuela. Conserv Biol 10:1245-1252
    • (1996) Conserv Biol , vol.10 , pp. 1245-1252
    • Rodríguez, J.P.1    Rojas-Suárez, F.2
  • 120
    • 31144469914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Setting priorities for the conservation of Venezuela's threatened birds
    • Rodríguez JP, Rojas-Suárez F, Sharpe CJ (2004b) Setting priorities for the conservation of Venezuela's threatened birds. Oryx 38:373-382
    • (2004) Oryx , vol.38 , pp. 373-382
    • Rodríguez, J.P.1    Rojas-Suárez, F.2    Sharpe, C.J.3
  • 122
    • 0034901399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examining fragmentation and loss of primary forest in the southern Bahian Atlantic forest of Brazil with radar imagery
    • Saatchi S, Agosti D, Alger K, Delabie J, Musinsky J (2001) Examining fragmentation and loss of primary forest in the southern Bahian Atlantic forest of Brazil with radar imagery. Conserv Biol 15:867-875
    • (2001) Conserv Biol , vol.15 , pp. 867-875
    • Saatchi, S.1    Agosti, D.2    Alger, K.3    Delabie, J.4    Musinsky, J.5
  • 126
    • 0026286588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saunders DA, de Rebeira CP (1991) Values of corridors to avian populations in a fragmented landscape. In Saunders DA, Hobbs RJ (eds) Nature conservation: the role of corridors. Surrey Beatty and Sons, Chipping Norton, Australia, pp 221-244
    • Saunders DA, de Rebeira CP (1991) Values of corridors to avian populations in a fragmented landscape. In Saunders DA, Hobbs RJ (eds) Nature conservation: the role of corridors. Surrey Beatty and Sons, Chipping Norton, Australia, pp 221-244
  • 130
    • 0004302229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bears: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan
    • Servheen C, Herrero H, Peyton B (eds, World Conservation Union IUCN, Gland, Switzerland
    • Servheen C, Herrero H, Peyton B (eds) (1999) Bears: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. Compiled by the IUCN/SSC Bear and Polar Bear Specialist Groups, World Conservation Union (IUCN), Gland, Switzerland
    • (1999) Compiled by the IUCN/SSC Bear and Polar Bear Specialist Groups
  • 131
    • 0035936136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased damage from fires in logged forests during droughts caused by El Niño
    • Siegert F, Ruecker G, Hinrichs A, Hoffmann AA (2001) Increased damage from fires in logged forests during droughts caused by El Niño. Nature 414:437-440
    • (2001) Nature , vol.414 , pp. 437-440
    • Siegert, F.1    Ruecker, G.2    Hinrichs, A.3    Hoffmann, A.A.4
  • 132
    • 33846945702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Snyder N, McGowan P, Gilardi J, Grajal A (eds) (2000) Parrots. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan 2000-2004. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK
    • Snyder N, McGowan P, Gilardi J, Grajal A (eds) (2000) Parrots. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan 2000-2004. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK
  • 134
    • 20044377216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spehn EM, Hector A, Joshi J, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Schmid B, Bazeley-White E, Beierkuhnlein C, Caldeira MC, Diemer M, Dimitrakopoulos Finn JA, Freitas H, Giller PS, Good J, Harris R, Hogberg P, Huss-Danell K, Jumpponen A, Koricheva J, Leadley PW, Loreau M, Minns A, Mulder CPH, O'Donovan G, Otway SJ, Palmborg C, Pereira JS, Pfisterer AB, Prinz A, Read DJ, Schulze ED, Siamantziouras ASD, Terry AC, Troumbis AY, Woodward FI, Yachi S, Lawton JH (2005) Ecosystem effects of biodiversity manipulations in European grasslands. Ecol Monogr 75:37-63
    • Spehn EM, Hector A, Joshi J, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Schmid B, Bazeley-White E, Beierkuhnlein C, Caldeira MC, Diemer M, Dimitrakopoulos PG, Finn JA, Freitas H, Giller PS, Good J, Harris R, Hogberg P, Huss-Danell K, Jumpponen A, Koricheva J, Leadley PW, Loreau M, Minns A, Mulder CPH, O'Donovan G, Otway SJ, Palmborg C, Pereira JS, Pfisterer AB, Prinz A, Read DJ, Schulze ED, Siamantziouras ASD, Terry AC, Troumbis AY, Woodward FI, Yachi S, Lawton JH (2005) Ecosystem effects of biodiversity manipulations in European grasslands. Ecol Monogr 75:37-63
  • 136
    • 0141941083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of habitat fragmentation on avian nesting success: A review of the evidence at multiple spatial scales
    • Stephens SE, Koons DN, Rotella JJ, Willey DW (2003) Effects of habitat fragmentation on avian nesting success: a review of the evidence at multiple spatial scales. Biol Conserv 115:101-110
    • (2003) Biol Conserv , vol.115 , pp. 101-110
    • Stephens, S.E.1    Koons, D.N.2    Rotella, J.J.3    Willey, D.W.4
  • 138
    • 0000853578 scopus 로고
    • The use and abuse of vegetational concepts and terms
    • Tansley AG (1935) The use and abuse of vegetational concepts and terms. Ecology 16:284-307
    • (1935) Ecology , vol.16 , pp. 284-307
    • Tansley, A.G.1
  • 139
    • 0027141214 scopus 로고
    • Connectivity is a vital element of landscape structure
    • Taylor PD, Fahrig L, Henein K, Merriam G (1993) Connectivity is a vital element of landscape structure. Oikos 68:571-572
    • (1993) Oikos , vol.68 , pp. 571-572
    • Taylor, P.D.1    Fahrig, L.2    Henein, K.3    Merriam, G.4
  • 140
    • 33846961727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Nature Conservancy (TNC) (1997) Designing a geography of hope. TNC, Arlington, Virginia, USA
    • The Nature Conservancy (TNC) (1997) Designing a geography of hope. TNC, Arlington, Virginia, USA
  • 141
    • 33846962085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Nature Conservancy (TNC) (2001) Conservation by design: a framework for mission success. TNC, Arlington, Virginia
    • The Nature Conservancy (TNC) (2001) Conservation by design: a framework for mission success. TNC, Arlington, Virginia
  • 142
    • 0003978443 scopus 로고
    • Thorbjarnarson J, Messel H, King FW, Ross JP eds, The World Conservation Union, Species Survival Commision, Crocodile Specialist Group
    • Thorbjarnarson J, Messel H, King FW, Ross JP (eds) (1992) Crocodiles: an Action Plan for their conservation. The World Conservation Union, Species Survival Commision, Crocodile Specialist Group
    • (1992) Crocodiles: An Action Plan for their conservation
  • 143
  • 144
    • 33745259863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biodiversity and ecosystem stability in a decade-long grassland experiment
    • Tilman D, Reich PB, Knops JMH (2006) Biodiversity and ecosystem stability in a decade-long grassland experiment. Nature 441:629-632
    • (2006) Nature , vol.441 , pp. 629-632
    • Tilman, D.1    Reich, P.B.2    Knops, J.M.H.3
  • 145
    • 0033859954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the usage and measurement of landscape connectivity
    • Tischendorf L, Fahrig L (2000) On the usage and measurement of landscape connectivity. Oikos 90:7-19
    • (2000) Oikos , vol.90 , pp. 7-19
    • Tischendorf, L.1    Fahrig, L.2
  • 147
    • 0034655454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategies for tropical forest deforestation assessment using satellite data
    • Tucker CJ, Townshend JRG (2000) Strategies for tropical forest deforestation assessment using satellite data. Int J Remote Sensing 21:1461-1472
    • (2000) Int J Remote Sensing , vol.21 , pp. 1461-1472
    • Tucker, C.J.1    Townshend, J.R.G.2
  • 148
    • 0002884659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics and restoration of forest fragments in the Brazilian Atlantic moist forest
    • Laurance WF, Bierregaard RO Jr eds, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA, pp
    • Viana VM, Tabanez AA, Batista JLF (1997) Dynamics and restoration of forest fragments in the Brazilian Atlantic moist forest. In: Laurance WF, Bierregaard RO Jr (eds) Tropical forest remnants: ecology, management, and conservation of fragmented communities. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA, pp 351-365
    • (1997) Tropical forest remnants: Ecology, management, and conservation of fragmented communities , pp. 351-365
    • Viana, V.M.1    Tabanez, A.A.2    Batista, J.L.F.3
  • 149
    • 0033135196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selecting marine reserves using habitats and species assemblages as surrogates for biological diversity
    • Ward TJ, Vanderklift MA, Nicholls AO, Kenchington RA (1999) Selecting marine reserves using habitats and species assemblages as surrogates for biological diversity. Ecol Appl 9:691-698
    • (1999) Ecol Appl , vol.9 , pp. 691-698
    • Ward, T.J.1    Vanderklift, M.A.2    Nicholls, A.O.3    Kenchington, R.A.4
  • 151
    • 0024876398 scopus 로고
    • Scaling of 'landscapes' in landscape ecology, or, landscape ecology from a beetle's perspective
    • Wiens JA, Milne BT (1989) Scaling of 'landscapes' in landscape ecology, or, landscape ecology from a beetle's perspective. Landscape Ecol 3:87-96
    • (1989) Landscape Ecol , vol.3 , pp. 87-96
    • Wiens, J.A.1    Milne, B.T.2
  • 154
    • 3543019275 scopus 로고
    • Preserving biodiversity: Species in landscapes-response
    • Wilcove D (1994) Preserving biodiversity: species in landscapes-response. Ecol Appl 4:207-208
    • (1994) Ecol Appl , vol.4 , pp. 207-208
    • Wilcove, D.1
  • 156
    • 0002686115 scopus 로고
    • Insular ecology and conservation
    • Soulé ME, Wilcox BA eds, Sinauer Associates, Inc, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA, pp
    • Wilcox BA (1980) Insular ecology and conservation. In: Soulé ME, Wilcox BA (eds) Conservation biology: an evolutionary-ecological perspective. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA, pp 95-118
    • (1980) Conservation biology: An evolutionary-ecological perspective , pp. 95-118
    • Wilcox, B.A.1
  • 158
    • 0003746258 scopus 로고
    • W. W. Norton & Company, New York, USA, and London, UK
    • Wilson EO (1992) The diversity of life. W. W. Norton & Company, New York, USA, and London, UK
    • (1992) The diversity of life
    • Wilson, E.O.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.