Types of gas hydrates in marine environments and their thermodynamic characteristics

Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences

Volumn 17, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 723-737

  Chen, Duo Fu ^a   Su, Zheng ^a   Cathles, Lawrence M ^b  

^a INSTITUTE OF GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS   (China)

^b Institute for the Study of the Continents   (United States)

Author keywords

Classification; Gas hydrate; Hydrate ridge; Methane solubility; South China Sea; Thermodynamics

Indexed keywords

GAS HYDRATE; MARINE ENVIRONMENT; METHANE; SOLUBILITY; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTY;

PACIFIC OCEAN; SOUTH CHINA SEA;

EID: 33846921563     PISSN: 10170839     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3319/TAO.2006.17.4.723(GH)     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Anderson, G. K., 2004: Enthalpy of dissociation and hydration number of methane hydrate from the Clapeyron equation. J. Chem. Thermodyn., 36, 1119-1127.
2. Buffett, B. A., and O. Y. Zatsepina, 2000: Formation of gas hydrate from dissolved gas in nature porous media. Mar. Geol., 164, 69-77.
3. Cathles, L. M., and D. F. Chen, 2004: A compositional kinetic model of hydrate crystallization and dissolution. J. Geophys. Res., 109, doi: 10. 1029/2003JB002910.
4. Cathles, L. M., D. F. Chen, and B. F. Nicholson, 2006: A dimensionless vent number characterizing the thermal impact of fluid discharge through planar and cylindrical vents with particular application to seafloor gas vents crystallizing hydrate. J. Geophys. Res., 111, B 10205, doi: 10. 1029/2005JB004221.
5. 4 concentrations in seawater at mid-depths on the continental slopes of the northern South China Sea. Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci., 17, 951-959.
6. Chen, D. F., and L. M. Cathles, 2003: A kinetic model for the pattern and amounts of hydrate precipitated from a gas steam: application to the Bush Hill vent site, Green Canyon Block 185, Gulf of Mexico. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 2058, doi: 10. 1029/200IJB001597.
7. Chen, D. F., L. M. Cathles, and H. H. Roberts, 2004a: The chemical signatures of variable gas venting at hydrate sites. Mar. Petrol. Geol., 21, 317-326.
8. Chen, D. F., X. X. Li, and B. Xia, 2004b: Distribution of gas hydrate stable zone and resource prediction in Qiongdongnan Basin in South China Sea. Chin. J. Geophys., 47,483-489. (in Chinese)
9. Chen, D. F., and L. M. Cathles, 2005: On the thermal impact of gas venting and hydrate crystallization, J. Geophys. Res., 110, B11204, doi: 10.1029/2004JB003533.
10. Chen, D. F., Y. Y. Huang, X. L. Yuan., and L. M. Cathles, 2005: Seep carbonates and their preserved methane oxidizing archaea and reducing bacteria fossils near Dongsha Island in South China Sea. Mar. Petrol. Geol., 22, 613-621.
11. Chen, D. F., D. Feng, Z. Su, Z. G. Song, G. Q. Chen, and L. M. Cathles, 2006a: Pyrite crystallization in seep carbonates at gas vent and hydrate site, Mat. Sci. Eng. C, 26, 602-605.
12. Chen, Z., W. Yan, M. H. Chen, S. H. Wang, J. Lu, F. Zhang, R. Xiang, S. B. Xiao, P. Yan, and S. C. Gu, 2006b: Discovery of seep carbonate nodules as new evidence for gas venting on the northern continental slope of South China Sea. Chin. Sci. Bull., 51, 1228-1237.
13. Chi, W. C., D. L. Reed, C. S. Liu, and N. Lundberg, 1998: Distribution of the bottom-simulating reflector in the offshore Taiwan collision zone. Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci., 9, 779-794.
14. Chiu, J. K., W. H. Tseng, and C. S. Liu, 2006: Distribution of gassy sediments and mud volcanoes offshore southwestern Taiwan. Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci., 17, 703-722.
15. Chow, J., J. S. Lee, R. Sun, C. S. Liu, and N. Lundberg, 2000: Characteristics of the bottom simulating reflectors near mud diapirs: offshore southwestern Taiwan. Geo-Mar. Lett., 20, 3-9.
16. Chow, J., J. S. Lee, C. S. Liu, B. D. Lee, and J. S. Watkins, 2001: A submarine canyon as the cause of a mud volcano - Liuchieuyu Island in Taiwan. Mar. Geol., 176, 55-63.
17. Chuang, P. C., T. F. Yang, S. Lin, H. F. Lee, T. F. Lan, W. L. Hong, C. S. Liu, J. C. Chen, and Y. Wang, 2006: Extremely high methane concentration in bottom water and cored sediments from offshore southwestern Taiwan. Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci., 17, 903-920.
18. Davie, M. K., and B. A. Buffett, 2001: A numerical model for the formation of gas hydrate below the seafloor. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 497-514.
19. Davie, M. K., and B. A. Buffett, 2003: A steady state model for marine hydrate formation: constraints on methane supply from pore water sulfate profiles. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 2495, doi:10.1029/2002JB002300.
20. Davie, M. K., O. Y. Zatsepina, and B. A. Buffett, 2004: Methane solubility in marine hydrate environments. Mar. Geol., 203, 177-184.
21. Dimitrov, L. I., 2002: Mud volcanoes- the most important pathway for degassing deeply buried sediments. Earth-Sci. Rev., 59, 49-76.
22. Duan, Z., N. Moller, J. Greenberg, and J. H. Weare, 1992: The prediction of methane solubility in natural waters to high ionic strength from 0 to 250°C and from 0 to 1600 bar. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 56, 1451-1460.
23. Heeschen, K. U., 2003: Distribution and height of methane bubble plumes on the Cascadia Margin characterized by acoustic imaging, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1643, doi: 10. 1029/2003GL016974.
24. Hyndman, R. D., and E. E. Davis, 1992: A mechanism for the formation of methane hydrate and seafloor bottom-simulating reflectors by vertical fluid expulsion. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 7025-7041.
25. Kvenvolden, K. A., and T. D. Lorenson, 2001: The global occurrence of natural gas hydrates. In: Paull, C. K., and W. P. Dillon (Eds.), Natural Gas Hydrates: Occurrence, Distribution, and Detection, AGU, Washing, D. C., 3-18.
26. Kvenvolden, K. A., and B. W. Rogers, 2005: Gaia's breath-global methane exhalations. Mar. Petrol. Geol., 22, 579-590.
27. Leifer, I., and I. R. MacDonald, 2003: Dynamics of the gas flux from shallow gas hydrate deposits: interaction between oily hydrate bubbles and the oceanic environment. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 21, 411-421.
28. Liu, C. S., P. Schnürle, Y. Wang, S. H. Chung, S. C. Chen, and T. H. Hsiuan, 2006: Distribution and characters of gas hydrate offshore of southwestern Taiwan. Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci., 17, 615-644.
29. MacDonald, I. R., I. Leifer, R. Sassen, P. Stine, R. Mitchell, and N. L. Guinasso Jr, 2002: Transfer of hydrocarbons from natural seeps to the water column and atmosphere. Geofluids, 2, 95-107.
30. MacDonald, I. R., W. W. Sager, and M. B. Peccin, 2003: Gas hydrate and chemosynthetic biota in mounded bathymetry at mid-slope hydrocarbon seeps: Northern Gulf of Mexico. Mar. Geol., 198, 133-158.
31. Mazurenko, L. L., and V. A. Soloviev, 2003: Worldwide distribution of deep-water fluid venting and potential occurrences of gas hydrate accumulations. Geo-Mar. Lett., 23, 162-176.
32. Milkov, A. V., 2000: Worldwide distribution of submarine mud volcanoes and associated gas hydrates. Mar. Geol., 167, 29-42.
33. Milkov, A. V., G. R. Dickens, G. E. Claypool, Y. J. Lee, W. S. Borowski, M. E. Torres, W. Y. Xu, H. Tomaru, A. M. Trehu, and P. Schultheiss, 2004: Co-existence of gas hydrate, free gas, and brine within the regional gas hydrate stability zone at Hydrate Ridge (Oregon margin): evidence from prolonged degassing of a pressurized core. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 222, 829-843.
34. Paull, C. K., R. Matsumoto, P. J. Wallace, and W. P. Dillon, 2000: Proc. ODP, Init. Repts. 164 [Online].http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/ 164_SR/.
35. Prell, W. L., P. Wang, P. Blum, D. K. Rea, and S. C. Clemens, 2003: Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 184 [Online].http://www-odp.tamu.edu/ publications/184_SR.
36. Sassen, R., S. L. Losh, L. M Cathles III, H. H. Roberts, J. K.Whelan, A. V. Milkov, S. T. Sweet, and D. A. DeFreitas, 2001: Massive vein-filling gas hydrate: relation to ongoing gas migration from the deep subsurface in the Gulf of Mexico. Mar. Petrol. Geol., 18, 551-560.
37. Sassen, R., H. H. Roberts, R. Camey, A. V. Milkov, D. A. DeFreitas, B. Lanoil, and C. Zhang, 2004: Free hydrocarbon gas, gas hydrate, and authigenic minerals in chemosynthetic communities of the northern Gulf of Mexico continental slope: relation to microbial processes. Chem. Geol., 205, 195-217.
38. Servio, P., and P. Englezos, 2002: Measurement of dissolved methane in water in equilibrium with its hydrate. J. Chem. Eng. Data, 47, 87-90.
39. Song, H. B., J. H. Geng, H. K. Wang, W. S. Zhang, Y. X. Fang, T. Y. Hao, and W. W. Jian, 2001: A preliminary study of gas hydrates in Dongsha region north of South China Sea. Chin. J. Geophys., 44, 687-695. (in Chinese)
40. Sloan, E. D., 1998: Clathrate hydrates of natural gases, 2nd Ed., Marcel Dekker, New York, 628 pp.
41. Suess, E., M. E. Torres, G. Bohrmann, R. W. Collier, J. Greinert, P. Linke, G. Rehder, A. Trehu, K. Wallmann, G. Winckler, and E. Zuleger, 1999: Gas hydrate destabilization: enhanced dewatering, benthic material turnover and large methane plumes at the Cascadia convergent margin. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 170, 1-15.
42. Trehu, A. M., G. Bohrmann, F. R. Rack, M. E. Torres, and Shipboard Scientific Party, 2003: Proc. ODP, Init. Repts. 204 [Online]. http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/204_IR/.
43. Trehu, A. M., P. E. Long, M. E. Torres, G. Bohrmann, F. R. Rack, T. S. Collett, D. S. Goldberg, A. V. Milkov, M. Riedel, P. Schultheiss, N. L. Bangs, S. R. Barr, W. S. Borowski, G. E. Claypool, M. E. Delwiche, G. R. Dickens, E. Gracia, G. Guerin, M. Holland, J. E. Johnson, Y. J. Lee, C. S. Liu, X. Su, B. Teichert, H. Tomaru, M. Vanneste, M. Watanabe, and J. L. Weinberger, 2004: Three-dimensional distribution of gas hydrate beneath southern Hydrate Ridge: constraints from ODP Leg 204. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 222, 845-862.
44. Valentine, D. L., and W. S. Reeburgh, 2000: New perspectives on anaerobic methane oxidation. Environ. Microbiol., 2, 477-484.
45. Wu, S. G., G. Zhang, Y. Huang, J. Liang, and H. K. Wong, 2005: Gas hydrate occurrence on the continental slope of the northern South China Sea. Mar. Petrol. Geol., 22, 403-412.
46. Xu, W., and C. Ruppel, 1999: Predicting the occurrence, distribution, and evolution of methane gas hydrate in porous marine sediments. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 5081-5095.
47. Yang, T. F., G. H. Yeh, C. C. Fu, C. C. Wang, T. F. Lan, H. F. Lee, C. H. Chen, V. Walia, and Q. C. Sung, 2004: Composition and exhalation flux of gases from mud volcanoes in Taiwan. Environ. Geol., 46, 1003-1011.
48. Yang, T. F., P. C. Chuang, S. Lin, J. C. Chen, Y. Wang, and S. H. Chung, 2006: Methane venting in gas hydrate potential area offshore of SW Taiwan: evidence of gas analysis of water column samples. Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci., 17, 933-950.
49. Zatsepina, O. Y., and B. A. Buffett, 1997: Phase equilibrium of gas hydrate: implications for the formation of hydrate in the deep sea floor. Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 1567-1570.
50. Zhang, H. Q., L. S. Wu, and J. W. Zhang, 2005: Application of the seafloor visualization technique in gas hydrate exploration. Geol. Bull. China, 24, 185-188. (in Chinese)