메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 11, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 103-119

Nitrogen and phosphorus in the Finnish energy system, 1900-2003

Author keywords

ImPACT model; Industrial ecology; IPAT; Nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions; Peat combustion; Substance flow analysis (SFA)

Indexed keywords

CATALYTIC CONVERTERS; COMBUSTION; ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL EFFECTS; GEOLOGY; INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS; NITROGEN; NITROGEN OXIDES; PEAT; PHOSPHORUS;

EID: 33846903323     PISSN: 10881980     EISSN: 15309290     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1162/jiec.2007.1116     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (27)

References (74)
  • 1
    • 33846926946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aaltonen, L. 1976. Polttoturveteollisuuden kehitysvaiheita. [Development stages of fuel peat industry.] In Turveteollisuus 1876-1976 [Peat industry 1876-1976.] Peat Industry Association. Publication 4. Helsinki: Peat Industry Association.
    • Aaltonen, L. 1976. Polttoturveteollisuuden kehitysvaiheita. [Development stages of fuel peat industry.] In Turveteollisuus 1876-1976 [Peat industry 1876-1976.] Peat Industry Association. Publication 4. Helsinki: Peat Industry Association.
  • 2
    • 14944371665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suomessa käytettävien polttoaineiden ominaisuuksia
    • VTT research notes 2045. Espoo, Finland: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
    • Alakangas, E. 2000. Suomessa käytettävien polttoaineiden ominaisuuksia. [Properties of fuels used in Finland.] VTT research notes 2045. Espoo, Finland: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland.
    • (2000) Properties of fuels used in Finland
    • Alakangas, E.1
  • 3
    • 33846899174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Iron and Steel Institute Steel Works, Accessed 18 September 2003
    • American Iron and Steel Institute Steel Works. 2003. 〈www.steel.org/ learning/howmade/coke_production.htm〉. Accessed 18 September 2003.
    • (2003)
  • 4
    • 2442428097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flows of nitrogen and phosphorus in Finland - The forest industry and the use of wood fuels
    • Antikainen, R., R. Haapanen, and S. Rekolainen. 2004. Flows of nitrogen and phosphorus in Finland - The forest industry and the use of wood fuels. Journal of Cleaner Production 12(8-10): 919-934.
    • (2004) Journal of Cleaner Production , vol.12 , Issue.8-10 , pp. 919-934
    • Antikainen, R.1    Haapanen, R.2    Rekolainen, S.3
  • 6
    • 0035027238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human impact on erodable phosphorus and eutrophication: A global perspective
    • Bennett, E. M., S. R. Carpenter, and N. F. Caraco. 2001. Human impact on erodable phosphorus and eutrophication: A global perspective. BioScience 51(3): 227-234.
    • (2001) BioScience , vol.51 , Issue.3 , pp. 227-234
    • Bennett, E.M.1    Carpenter, S.R.2    Caraco, N.F.3
  • 7
    • 0033977125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Material flows and economic models: An analytical comparison of SFA, LCA and partial equilibrium models
    • Bouman, M., R. Heijungs, E. van der Voet, J. C. J. M. van den Bergh, and G. Huppes. 2000. Material flows and economic models: An analytical comparison of SFA, LCA and partial equilibrium models. Ecological Economics 32(2000): 195-126.
    • (2000) Ecological Economics , vol.32 , pp. 195-126
    • Bouman, M.1    Heijungs, R.2    van der Voet, E.3    van den Bergh, J.C.J.M.4    Huppes, G.5
  • 8
    • 0034938194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The IPAT equation and its variants: Changing views of technology and environmental impact
    • Chertow, M. 2000. The IPAT equation and its variants: Changing views of technology and environmental impact. Journal of Industrial Ecology 4(4): 13-30.
    • (2000) Journal of Industrial Ecology , vol.4 , Issue.4 , pp. 13-30
    • Chertow, M.1
  • 9
    • 2442533209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Data uncertainties in material flow analysis
    • Licentiate thesis. Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden
    • Danius, L. 2002. Data uncertainties in material flow analysis. Local case study and literature survey. Licentiate thesis. Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Royal Institute of Technology - KTH, Stockholm, Sweden.
    • (2002) Local case study and literature survey
    • Danius, L.1
  • 11
    • 0015240865 scopus 로고
    • Impact of population growth
    • Ehrlich, P. and J. Holdren. 1971. Impact of population growth. Science 171(977): 1212-1217.
    • (1971) Science , vol.171 , Issue.977 , pp. 1212-1217
    • Ehrlich, P.1    Holdren, J.2
  • 12
    • 33846897609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Finnish Environment Institute, Air pollution register. EEC report for, Helsinki: Finnish Environment Institute
    • Finnish Environment Institute. 2003. Ilmapäästö rekisteri. Vuoden 2002 EEC raportoinnin vuoden 2000 tiedot. [Air pollution register. EEC report for 2002.] Helsinki: Finnish Environment Institute.
    • (2002) Ilmapäästö rekisteri. Vuoden 2002 EEC raportoinnin vuoden 2000 tiedot
  • 13
    • 0003511548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical year-book of forestry 1998
    • Finnish Forest Research Institute, Helsinki: Finnish Forest Research Institute
    • Finnish Forest Research Institute. 1998. Statistical year-book of forestry 1998. Agriculture and forestry 1998:3. Helsinki: Finnish Forest Research Institute.
    • (1998) Agriculture and forestry 1998 , pp. 3
  • 14
    • 33846897715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Happamoitumistoimikunnan mietintö
    • The Finnish Ministry of the Environment, The Finnish Environment 219. Helsinki: Ministry of the Environment
    • The Finnish Ministry of the Environment. 1998. Happamoitumistoimikunnan mietintö. [Report of the acidification committee.] The Finnish Environment 219. Helsinki: Ministry of the Environment.
    • (1998) Report of the acidification committee
  • 15
    • 33846937247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Finnish Ministry of the Environment. 2002. Ilmansuojeluohjelma 2010. Valtioneuvoston 26.9.2002 hyväksymä ohjelma direktiivin (2001/81/EY) toimeenpanemiseksi. [Air pollution control program 2010, National program for directive (2001/81/EU).] The Finnish Environment 588. Helsinki: Ministry of the Environment.
    • The Finnish Ministry of the Environment. 2002. Ilmansuojeluohjelma 2010. Valtioneuvoston 26.9.2002 hyväksymä ohjelma direktiivin (2001/81/EY) toimeenpanemiseksi. [Air pollution control program 2010, National program for directive (2001/81/EU).] The Finnish Environment 588. Helsinki: Ministry of the Environment.
  • 17
    • 0032446053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The global nitrogen cycle: Changes and consequences
    • Galloway, J. N. 1998. The global nitrogen cycle: Changes and consequences. Environmental Pollution 102(S1): 15-24.
    • (1998) Environmental Pollution , vol.102 , Issue.S1 , pp. 15-24
    • Galloway, J.N.1
  • 18
    • 0036010864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactive nitrogen and the world: 200 years of change
    • Galloway, J. N. and E. B. Cowling. 2002. Reactive nitrogen and the world: 200 years of change. Ambio 31(2): 64-71.
    • (2002) Ambio , vol.31 , Issue.2 , pp. 64-71
    • Galloway, J.N.1    Cowling, E.B.2
  • 19
    • 33846918128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metsähakkeen käyttö Suomessa
    • VTT research notes 2087. Espoo, Finland: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
    • Hakkila, P., I. Nousiainen, and H. Kalaja. 2001. Metsähakkeen käyttö Suomessa. [Use of wood-chips in Finland.] VTT research notes 2087. Espoo, Finland: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland.
    • (2001) Use of wood-chips in Finland
    • Hakkila, P.1    Nousiainen, I.2    Kalaja, H.3
  • 21
    • 33846908008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Helsinki Metropolitan Area Council. 2000. Energiajätteen erilliskeräyskokeilun loppuraportti. [Final report of energy waste assortment experience.] Helsinki metropolitan area publication C 2000:3. Helsinki: Metropolitan Area Council.
    • Helsinki Metropolitan Area Council. 2000. Energiajätteen erilliskeräyskokeilun loppuraportti. [Final report of energy waste assortment experience.] Helsinki metropolitan area publication C 2000:3. Helsinki: Metropolitan Area Council.
  • 22
    • 0036010869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen use in the United States from 1961-2000 and potential future trends
    • Howarth, R. W., E. W. Boyer, W. J. Pabich, and J. N. Galloway. 2002. Nitrogen use in the United States from 1961-2000 and potential future trends. AMBIO 31(2): 88-96.
    • (2002) AMBIO , vol.31 , Issue.2 , pp. 88-96
    • Howarth, R.W.1    Boyer, E.W.2    Pabich, W.J.3    Galloway, J.N.4
  • 23
    • 33846935650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ilmonen, T. A. 1976. Polttoturpeen ominaisuudet ja käyttö. [Qualities and use of fuel peat.] In Turveteollisuus 1876-1976 [Peat Industry 1876-1976] edited by the Peat Industry Association. Publication 4. Helsinki: Peat Industry Association, pp. 74-80.
    • Ilmonen, T. A. 1976. Polttoturpeen ominaisuudet ja käyttö. [Qualities and use of fuel peat.] In Turveteollisuus 1876-1976 [Peat Industry 1876-1976] edited by the Peat Industry Association. Publication 4. Helsinki: Peat Industry Association, pp. 74-80.
  • 24
    • 33846934898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Industrial Statistics. No date. Teollisuustilastot. [Official Statistics of Finland.] SVT XIII A: 21-75. Helsinki.
    • Industrial Statistics. No date. Teollisuustilastot. [Official Statistics of Finland.] SVT XIII A: 21-75. Helsinki.
  • 26
    • 0029957486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human contributions to terrestrial nitrogen flux
    • Jordan, T. E. and D. E. Weller. 1996. Human contributions to terrestrial nitrogen flux. BioScience 46(9): 655-664.
    • (1996) BioScience , vol.46 , Issue.9 , pp. 655-664
    • Jordan, T.E.1    Weller, D.E.2
  • 27
    • 34249757929 scopus 로고
    • C and N storage in living trees within Finland since 1950s
    • Kauppi, P. E., E. Tomppo, and A. Ferm. 1995. C and N storage in living trees within Finland since 1950s. Plant and Soil 168-169(1): 633-638.
    • (1995) Plant and Soil , vol.168-169 , Issue.1 , pp. 633-638
    • Kauppi, P.E.1    Tomppo, E.2    Ferm, A.3
  • 28
    • 0034772958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Industrial ecosystem in the Finnish forest industry: Using the material and energy flow model of a forest ecosystem in a forest industry system
    • Korhonen, J., M. Wihersaari, and I. Savolainen. 2001. Industrial ecosystem in the Finnish forest industry: Using the material and energy flow model of a forest ecosystem in a forest industry system. Ecological Economics 39(1): 145-161.
    • (2001) Ecological Economics , vol.39 , Issue.1 , pp. 145-161
    • Korhonen, J.1    Wihersaari, M.2    Savolainen, I.3
  • 29
    • 33846919553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kunnas, H. J. 1973. Metsätaloustuotanto Suomessa 1860-1965. [Forest production in Finland 1860-1965.] Publications of Bank of Finland. Growth research IV. Helsinki: Bank of Finland.
    • Kunnas, H. J. 1973. Metsätaloustuotanto Suomessa 1860-1965. [Forest production in Finland 1860-1965.] Publications of Bank of Finland. Growth research IV. Helsinki: Bank of Finland.
  • 30
    • 33846910411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kurki-Suonio, I. 1993a. Polttoaineet ja niiden käytön kehitys. [Fuels and the development of their use.] In Suomen energiatekniikan historia. Teknishistoriallinen tutkimus energian tuottamisesta jakäytöstä Suomessa 1840-1980. Osa 1 [The history of Finnish energy techniques. Techno-historical study on energy production and use in Finland 1840-1980. Part 1], edited by R. Keskinen. Publication 115. Tampere, Finland: Tampere University of Technology.
    • Kurki-Suonio, I. 1993a. Polttoaineet ja niiden käytön kehitys. [Fuels and the development of their use.] In Suomen energiatekniikan historia. Teknishistoriallinen tutkimus energian tuottamisesta jakäytöstä Suomessa 1840-1980. Osa 1 [The history of Finnish energy techniques. Techno-historical study on energy production and use in Finland 1840-1980. Part 1], edited by R. Keskinen. Publication 115. Tampere, Finland: Tampere University of Technology.
  • 31
    • 33846932727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kurki-Suonio, I. 1993b. Polttoaineiden tuonti ja vienti. [Import and export of fuels.] In Suomen energiatekniikan historia. Teknis-historiallinen tutkimus energian tuottamisesta ja käytöstä Suomessa 1840-1980. Osa 2. [The history of Finnish energy techniques. Techno-historical study on energy production and use in Finland 1840-1980. Part 2], edited by R. Keskinen. Publications 115. Tampere, Finland: Tampere University of Technology pp. 349-364.
    • Kurki-Suonio, I. 1993b. Polttoaineiden tuonti ja vienti. [Import and export of fuels.] In Suomen energiatekniikan historia. Teknis-historiallinen tutkimus energian tuottamisesta ja käytöstä Suomessa 1840-1980. Osa 2. [The history of Finnish energy techniques. Techno-historical study on energy production and use in Finland 1840-1980. Part 2], edited by R. Keskinen. Publications 115. Tampere, Finland: Tampere University of Technology pp. 349-364.
  • 33
    • 33846918348 scopus 로고
    • Energiatilastot 1960-1976
    • Ministry of Trade and Industry in Finland, Helsinki: Ministry of Trade and Industry
    • Ministry of Trade and Industry in Finland. 1977. Energiatilastot 1960-1976. [Energy statistics 1960-1976.] Helsinki: Ministry of Trade and Industry.
    • (1977) Energy statistics 1960-1976
  • 34
    • 33846932484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energiakatsaus 1/2001
    • Ministry of Trade and Industry in Finland, /. Helsinki: Ministry of Trade and Industry
    • Ministry of Trade and Industry in Finland. 2001. Energiakatsaus 1/2001. Energy survey 1/2001. Helsinki: Ministry of Trade and Industry.
    • (2001) Energy survey , vol.1
  • 35
    • 33846940899 scopus 로고
    • The acquisition of Finnish energy. Retrospective prestudy, Helsinki: Suomen teknillinen seura [Finnish Technical Society
    • Myllyntaus, T. 1980. Suomen energian hankinta. Retrospektiivinen esitutkimus. [The acquisition of Finnish energy. Retrospective prestudy.] Helsinki: Suomen teknillinen seura [Finnish Technical Society].
    • (1980) Suomen energian hankinta. Retrospektiivinen esitutkimus
    • Myllyntaus, T.1
  • 37
    • 33846910748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mäkelä, K., A. Tuominen, and K. Rusila. 2000. Työkoneiden päästömalli. [TYKO 1999. Emission model for machinery.] Research report 546/2000. yhdyskuntatekniikka. VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. 〈http://lipasto.vtt.fi/tyko/malli.htm〉. Accessed March 2004.
    • Mäkelä, K., A. Tuominen, and K. Rusila. 2000. Työkoneiden päästömalli. [TYKO 1999. Emission model for machinery.] Research report 546/2000. yhdyskuntatekniikka. VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. 〈http://lipasto.vtt.fi/tyko/malli.htm〉. Accessed March 2004.
  • 38
    • 33846899905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mäkelä, K., J. Laurikko, and H. Kanner. 2003. Suomen tieliikenteen pakokaasupääastöt. LIISA 2002 laskentajä rjestelmä. [Exhaust fumes of Finnish road traffic. LIISA 2002 calculation system.] Research report RTE 1377/03. Espoo: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. 〈www.lipasto.vtt.fi/lipasto/liisa/index.htm〉. Accessed February 2004.
    • Mäkelä, K., J. Laurikko, and H. Kanner. 2003. Suomen tieliikenteen pakokaasupääastöt. LIISA 2002 laskentajä rjestelmä. [Exhaust fumes of Finnish road traffic. LIISA 2002 calculation system.] Research report RTE 1377/03. Espoo: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. 〈www.lipasto.vtt.fi/lipasto/liisa/index.htm〉. Accessed February 2004.
  • 39
    • 33846898920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nevanlinna, L. 1993. Energianhuolto vuodesta 30 alkaen ja suurenergiatekniikan läpimurto. [Energy management from year 30 and the breakthrough of high-energy techniques.] In Suomen energiatekniikan historia. Teknis-historiallinen tutkimus energian tuottamisesta ja käytö stä Suomessa 1840-1980. Osa 1 [The history of Finnish energy techniques. Techno-historical study on energy production and use in Finland 1840-1980. Part 1], edited by R. Keskinen. Publication 115. Tampere, Finland: Tampere University of Technology.
    • Nevanlinna, L. 1993. Energianhuolto vuodesta 30 alkaen ja suurenergiatekniikan läpimurto. [Energy management from year 30 and the breakthrough of high-energy techniques.] In Suomen energiatekniikan historia. Teknis-historiallinen tutkimus energian tuottamisesta ja käytö stä Suomessa 1840-1980. Osa 1 [The history of Finnish energy techniques. Techno-historical study on energy production and use in Finland 1840-1980. Part 1], edited by R. Keskinen. Publication 115. Tampere, Finland: Tampere University of Technology.
  • 40
    • 0028970812 scopus 로고
    • A phosphorus budget for a Swedish municipality
    • Nilsson, J. 1995. A phosphorus budget for a Swedish municipality. Journal of Environmental Management 45(3): 243-253.
    • (1995) Journal of Environmental Management , vol.45 , Issue.3 , pp. 243-253
    • Nilsson, J.1
  • 41
    • 0031760050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The anthropogenic nitrogen cycle in the Netherlands
    • Olsthoorn, C. and N. Fong. 1998. The anthropogenic nitrogen cycle in the Netherlands. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 52: 269-276.
    • (1998) Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems , vol.52 , pp. 269-276
    • Olsthoorn, C.1    Fong, N.2
  • 44
    • 33749429540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Yhdyskuntajä tehuollon päästöjen järjestelmätarkastelu
    • Espoo, Finland: Helsinki University of Technology, Laboratory of Environmental Engineering
    • Pelkonen, M., E. Rauta, and J.-H. Tanskanen. 2000. Yhdyskuntajä tehuollon päästöjen järjestelmätarkastelu. [Emission of the municipal solid waste system.] Espoo, Finland: Helsinki University of Technology, Laboratory of Environmental Engineering.
    • (2000) Emission of the municipal solid waste system
    • Pelkonen, M.1    Rauta, E.2    Tanskanen, J.-H.3
  • 46
    • 33846917894 scopus 로고
    • Suomen puun käyttö vuosina 1947-61. [The usage of wood in Finland in 1947-61.]
    • Pöntynen, V. 1962. Suomen puun käyttö vuosina 1947-61. [The usage of wood in Finland in 1947-61.] Communicationes Instituti Forestalis Fenniae 56 (3).
    • (1962) Communicationes Instituti Forestalis Fenniae , vol.56 , Issue.3
    • Pöntynen, V.1
  • 48
    • 0036335011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The IPAT formula and its limitations
    • Roca, J. 2002. The IPAT formula and its limitations. Ecological Economics 42(1-2): 1-2.
    • (2002) Ecological Economics , vol.42 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 1-2
    • Roca, J.1
  • 49
    • 33846908690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saikku, L. 2004. Typen ja fosforin virrat Suomen energiasektorilla 1900-2020. [The flows of nitrogen and phosphorus in the Finnish energy sector 1900-2020.] Master's thesis, University of Helsinki, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Helsinki. 〈www.helsinki.fi/biosci/ympUUSI/ opinnaytteet/2000/2004-Saikku.pdf〉. Accessed June 2006.
    • Saikku, L. 2004. Typen ja fosforin virrat Suomen energiasektorilla 1900-2020. [The flows of nitrogen and phosphorus in the Finnish energy sector 1900-2020.] Master's thesis, University of Helsinki, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Helsinki. 〈www.helsinki.fi/biosci/ympUUSI/ opinnaytteet/2000/2004-Saikku.pdf〉. Accessed June 2006.
  • 50
    • 8044229125 scopus 로고
    • Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions scenarios for Finland
    • edited by P. Kauppi et al. Heidelberg: Springer Verlag
    • Savolainen, I. and M. Tähtinen. 1990. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions scenarios for Finland. In Acidification in Finland, edited by P. Kauppi et al. Heidelberg: Springer Verlag.
    • (1990) Acidification in Finland
    • Savolainen, I.1    Tähtinen, M.2
  • 51
    • 0036124990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schulze, P. C. 2002. I = PBAT. Ecological Economics 40(2): 149-150.
    • Schulze, P. C. 2002. I = PBAT. Ecological Economics 40(2): 149-150.
  • 52
    • 33846895361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polttopuun käyttö pientaloissa 2000/2001. [The use of firewood in households 2000/2001
    • Notes of Finnish Forest Institute
    • Sevola, Y., A. Peltola, and J. Moilanen. 2003. Polttopuun käyttö pientaloissa 2000/2001. [The use of firewood in households 2000/2001.] Metsäntutkimuslaitoksen tiedonantoja [Notes of Finnish Forest Institute] 894.
    • (2003) Metsäntutkimuslaitoksen tiedonantoja , pp. 894
    • Sevola, Y.1    Peltola, A.2    Moilanen, J.3
  • 53
    • 0032749136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen in crop production: An account of global flows
    • Smil, V. 1999. Nitrogen in crop production: An account of global flows. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 13(2): 647-662.
    • (1999) Global Biogeochemical Cycles , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 647-662
    • Smil, V.1
  • 54
    • 0034514238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphorus in the environment: Natural flows and human interferences
    • Smil, V. 2000. Phosphorus in the environment: Natural flows and human interferences. Annual review of energy and the environment 25(1): 53-88.
    • (2000) Annual review of energy and the environment , vol.25 , Issue.1 , pp. 53-88
    • Smil, V.1
  • 55
    • 41849113746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flows of nitrogen and phosphorus in municipal waste: A substance flow analysis in Finland
    • Sokka, L., R. Antikainen, and P. Kauppi. 2004. Flows of nitrogen and phosphorus in municipal waste: A substance flow analysis in Finland. Progress in Industrial Ecology 1(1-3): 165-186.
    • (2004) Progress in Industrial Ecology , vol.1 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 165-186
    • Sokka, L.1    Antikainen, R.2    Kauppi, P.3
  • 56
    • 33846920552 scopus 로고
    • Tilastollinen vuosikirja. Väestö
    • Statistics Finland, Helsinki: Statistics Finland
    • Statistics Finland. 1992. Tilastollinen vuosikirja. Väestö. Statistical Yearbook. Population. Helsinki: Statistics Finland.
    • (1992) Statistical Yearbook. Population
  • 57
    • 33846902515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistics Finland, Motor vehicles, Traffic and tourism, Traffic and tourism, Helsinki: Statistics Finland. 2000
    • Statistics Finland. 2000. Moottoriajoneuvot 1999. Liikenne ja matkailu. [Motor vehicles 1999. Traffic and tourism.] Traffic and tourism 2000:7. Helsinki: Statistics Finland.
    • (1999) Moottoriajoneuvot 1999. Liikenne ja matkailu , pp. 7
  • 58
    • 33846921486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistics Finland 2003. Liikennetilastollinen vuosikirja. Liikenne ja matkailu. [Transport and Communications. Statistical Yearbook for Finland.] Transport and Tourism 2003:17. Helsinki: Statistics Finland.
    • Statistics Finland 2003. Liikennetilastollinen vuosikirja. Liikenne ja matkailu. [Transport and Communications. Statistical Yearbook for Finland.] Transport and Tourism 2003:17. Helsinki: Statistics Finland.
  • 59
    • 33846917642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistics Finland. 2004a. Energiatilastot. [Energy statistics 2003.] Helsinki: Statistics Finland.
    • Statistics Finland. 2004a. Energiatilastot. [Energy statistics 2003.] Helsinki: Statistics Finland.
  • 60
    • 33846898694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistics Finland. 2004b. Ympäristötilasto. Ympäristö ja luonnonvarat. [Environment statistics 2004.] Helsinki: Statistics Finland.
    • Statistics Finland. 2004b. Ympäristötilasto. Ympäristö ja luonnonvarat. [Environment statistics 2004.] Helsinki: Statistics Finland.
  • 61
    • 0003772375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National accounts
    • Statistics Finland, Helsinki, Finland: Statistics Finland
    • Statistics Finland. 2005a. National accounts. Historical series. Helsinki, Finland: Statistics Finland.
    • (2005) Historical series
  • 62
    • 0037991471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistics Finland, Accessed 30 June 2005
    • Statistics Finland. 2005b. Population statistics. 〈www.stat.fi/til/vaerak/tau.html〉. Accessed 30 June 2005.
    • (2005) Population statistics
  • 63
    • 33846903765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistics Finland, Accessed 30 March 2005
    • Statistics Finland. 2005c. Waste statistics. Environment and natural resources. 〈www.tilastokeskus.fi/til/jate/2000/jate_ 2000_ 2004-12-21_tau_001.html〉. Accessed 30 March 2005.
    • (2005) Waste statistics. Environment and natural resources
  • 64
    • 0034531279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technologies of wood combustion
    • Strehler, A. 2000. Technologies of wood combustion. Ecological Engineering 16: S25-S40.
    • (2000) Ecological Engineering , vol.16
    • Strehler, A.1
  • 65
    • 33846932974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Udo de Haes, H. A., E. van der Voet, and R. Kleijn. 1997. Substance flow analysis (SFA), an analytical tool for integrated chain management. In Regional and national material flow accounting: From paradigm to practice of sustainability, edited by S. Bringezu et al. Proceedings of the ConAccount workshop 21-23 January, 1997, Leiden, the Netherlands. Wuppertal, Germany: Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy.
    • Udo de Haes, H. A., E. van der Voet, and R. Kleijn. 1997. Substance flow analysis (SFA), an analytical tool for integrated chain management. In Regional and national material flow accounting: From paradigm to practice of sustainability, edited by S. Bringezu et al. Proceedings of the ConAccount workshop 21-23 January, 1997, Leiden, the Netherlands. Wuppertal, Germany: Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy.
  • 66
    • 0013523360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SFA methodology
    • edited by R. U. Ayers and L. W. Ayers. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar
    • Van der Voet, E. 2002. SFA methodology. In The handbook of industrial ecology, edited by R. U. Ayers and L. W. Ayers. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
    • (2002) The handbook of industrial ecology
    • Van der Voet, E.1
  • 67
    • 0029832162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen pollution in the European Union - Origins and proposed solutions
    • Van der Voet, E., R. Klejn, and H. A. Udo de Haes. 1996. Nitrogen pollution in the European Union - Origins and proposed solutions. Environmental Conservation 23(2): 120-132.
    • (1996) Environmental Conservation , vol.23 , Issue.2 , pp. 120-132
    • Van der Voet, E.1    Klejn, R.2    Udo de Haes, H.A.3
  • 68
    • 0036010865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The European nitrogen case
    • Van Egmond, K., T. Bresser, and L. Bouwman. 2002. The European nitrogen case. Ambio 31(2): 72-87.
    • (2002) Ambio , vol.31 , Issue.2 , pp. 72-87
    • Van Egmond, K.1    Bresser, T.2    Bouwman, L.3
  • 71
  • 72
    • 0000197192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Searching for leverage to conserve forests: The industrial ecology of wood products in the U.S
    • Wernick, I. K., P. E. Waggoner, and J. H. Ausubel. 1997. Searching for leverage to conserve forests: The industrial ecology of wood products in the U.S. Journal of Industrial Ecology 1(3):125-145.
    • (1997) Journal of Industrial Ecology , vol.1 , Issue.3 , pp. 125-145
    • Wernick, I.K.1    Waggoner, P.E.2    Ausubel, J.H.3
  • 73
    • 0034299090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The forester's lever: Industrial ecology and wood products
    • Wernick, I. K., P. E. Waggoner, and J. H. Ausubel. 2000. The forester's lever: Industrial ecology and wood products. Journal of Forestry 98(10): 8-13.
    • (2000) Journal of Forestry , vol.98 , Issue.10 , pp. 8-13
    • Wernick, I.K.1    Waggoner, P.E.2    Ausubel, J.H.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.